In the rapidly developing network, some terms are also described by other meaning, such as "glass" light bulb, which means that when both men and women need to be alone, the next bystander is often well-meaning, but doesn't like it. This is called a "light bulb". It is called "light bulb".
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Light bulb (light bulb), the exact scientific name is incandescent lamp, is the resistance of incandescent light lamp heated by thin wire (usually tungsten wire in modern times). The periphery of the bulb is made of glass, and the filament is kept in a vacuum state, or low-pressure inert gas prevents the filament from being oxidized at high temperature. Reference incandescent lamp.
history
It is generally believed that light was invented by Thomas Edison in the United States. However, if a severe experiment is conducted, according to another American, Heinrich G. Bell invented the same principles and materials as Edison, and made a reliable light bulb, and Edison made great contributions before many other electric lights were invented. 180 1 year, the power of the platinum guide wire of British chemist David shines. 18 10, he invented two electric candles with carbon rods to illuminate the arc. 1854, Henry Goebbels used carbonized bamboo, and glass bottles were placed in vacuum to produce light. His invention seems to be his first practical incandescent lamp. The test light bulb can last for 400 hours, but the design patent was not applied immediately.
1850, Joseph Wilson Swan, an Englishman, began to study electric lights. 1878, he was a British patented power vacuum carbon filament bulb, and started to set up a company in Britain to install electric lights for all families.
1874, Canadian electrician applied for a patent for a lamp. The glass bulb under the carbon rod was filled with nitrogen and electrified, but they didn't have enough financial resources to continue developing this invention, so the patent in 1875 was sold to Thomas Edison.
Edison got a patent and tried to make better use of filament. 1879, he replaced the carbon filament bulb and successfully kept it for 13 hours. 1880, he successfully maintained the carbonized bamboo filament light bulb in the laboratory 1200 hours. However, in Britain, Swan sued Edison for patent infringement and won. Edison Electric Power Company was forced to join Swann as a British partner, but later Swann sold his interests and patents to Edison, which also brought challenges to American patent countries. The United States Patent Office ruled that his invention had a criminal record and was invalid. Finally, after years of litigation, Edison granted the patent of carbon filament incandescent lamp.
Edison discovered, instead of using tungsten carbon as filament, and then, in 1906, General Electric invented a tungsten filament to make light bulbs. Finally, the cheap manufactured tungsten light bulb is still in use.
The biggest problem of light bulb is the sublimation of filament, and finally the resistance difference of thin tungsten filament changes due to the resistance change caused by temperature. With the increase of temperature, tungsten sublimates faster, which further creates a good variable resistance of tungsten wire, increases blood circulation and blows tungsten. Later, it was found that the sublimation of tungsten inert gas could be slowed down, instead of vacuum. Today, most light bulbs are filled with nitrogen, argon or krypton.
The life of modern incandescent lamps is generally 1000 hours.
Performance 90%
Most incandescent lamps consume energy as useless heat, and less than 10% of the energy is light. In contrast, fluorescent lamps (also known as cathode fluorescent lamps) are much more efficient, close to 40%, and produce one-sixth of the heat of incandescent lamps with the same brightness. Therefore, in many places, especially shopping malls with air conditioning in summer, buildings will use fluorescent lamps for lighting to save electricity. Small fluorescent lamps (energy-saving lamps) fluorescent lamps and began to replace the electronic interface of ordinary incandescent bulbs with standard bulbs. For example, a 26-watt energy-saving light bulb has a brightness of 15 watt and a heat of 1 1 watt. 1 1 watt incandescent lamp emits the same brightness, and the power consumption of the bulb is more than 4 times that of 100 watt; The heat released is more than 6 times, reaching 90 watts.
Many lamps are becoming more and more popular on the basis of ordinary incandescent lamps at home, especially in recent years, such as spotlights at home and car headlights, where halogen bulbs are often used, and the efficiency can reach 65,438+05%. For example, a 60-watt halogen bulb has the brightness equivalent to that of a 100 watt ordinary bulb, and the halogen bulb is small in size. Home applications need special protection to prevent the cause of fire. The most common outdoor street lamp is sodium lamp (sodium vapor lamp). Low-pressure sodium lamp emits monotonous orange light, but its efficiency is very high, which is 15 times higher than that of ordinary light bulb. The color efficiency of high-pressure sodium lamp is slightly lower, but the color is richer.
Recently, light emitting diodes (LEDs) and high intensity gas discharge lamps (HID) have become popular. The former has the advantage of long service life. Compared with the current traffic lights and flashlights, the latter is actually a general term for various technologies (sodium lamps also belong to HID). Many of the latest cars use xenon headlights (xenon lamps), and metal halide lamps (metal halide lamps) for projectors belong to HID.
Incandescent lamps emit less than 10% of energy, and many countries and regions have begun to phase out incandescent bulbs. The timetable is as follows [1]: br/ > EU.
20 12 Ireland as early as 2009
Australia 20 10
Argentina 20 10
20 10 Italy
France announced that it will be on 20 10, but there is no further news.
British retailers will no longer sell 20 1 1, and the Netherlands will voluntarily sell 20 1 1.
Taiwan Province province, China, 20 12, 20 12.
Chinese mainland 20 17 20 14
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Cantonese slang in Deng Dan mainly refers to photos of men and women whose feet are not loved by a third party. Many people think that light bulbs can emit light and have an impact on romantic scenes, which is a misunderstanding. Egg twister, light bulb-well ventilated (light bulb-not ventilated) Cantonese. Light bulb, vacuum object, unventilated Cantonese "well ventilated" means that a person knows the world and doesn't know the meaning of avoidance. Later, with the expansion of language communication, light bulb Mandarin has more meanings.
[Edit this paragraph] Basic information of the filmbr/>
Movie title: Light bulb: You, me and Dupree.
Director/Screenwriter: Anthony Russell Anthony Russia, Joe Russia, Joe Russia
Starring: kate hudson, owen wilson owen wilson
Matt dillon, matt dillon.
Michael douglas, michael douglas.
Kate Hudson
Aspects:
Type: drawing
Running time: 108 minutes
Grade: PG- 13
Issue date: July 2006 14.
plot
Karl (matt dillon) is the happiest stage. Life is like a promotion and a short salary increase. The boss's daughter (michael douglas), the beautiful and gentle Molly (kate hudson), is a primary school teacher and got married in Hawaii. I immediately admitted that I had a wonderful honeymoon, and the husband and wife had just renovated their new home, and the neighborhood was harmonious, the couple was sweet and life was endless.
It happened at this time that Carl's best friend Dupree (owen wilson) from kindergarten suffered misfortune and lost his job, ending the bleak situation of homelessness. As a friend, Carl immediately called Dupree's family and asked them to stay for a while, promising that he could continue to stay until Dupree found a job. Molly was dissatisfied with the uninvited guests, but Carl's heavy friendship sheltered him from the wind. Mr. Dupree successfully entered this two-person family and became a real "third wheel".
What dull Dupree often does is always beating the board, and the food almost occupies the whole house and is burnt. Faced with such "friends", Molly was a little disgusted at first, but the next day, she turned to Dupree, one of her best friends. Carl's serious and demanding father-in-law and boss work day and night, far more than with Molly. Dupree has become a sissy who can talk. Not only is he a little boring, but he is also very enthusiastic. He spends his evenings with the help of his neighbors. Faced with this situation, Carl began to worry about the status of the head of their family and the happiness of the family. Carl began to plan how to get rid of this guy, and a lively competition began. ......