In the 13th year of Zhiyuan (1276), my grandfather Xu's family moved from Jinan to Jiangnan. At the age of seven, Zhang went to the west with his mother. Picking up someone else's lost property on the road, the owner has gone far, so Yang Hao catches up and gives it to the owner.
In the sixteenth year of Zhiyuan (1279), Zhang, who was ten years old, studied very hard and often stayed up late. His parents worried that he was too tired to work and stopped him, but he silently recited during the day, closed the door and lit the lamp at night, reading secretly.
In the 19th year of Yuan Dynasty (1282), mother and grandfather died one after another, and father continued to marry Shang and became his stepmother.
In the 23rd year of Zhiyuan (1286), 17-year-old Zhang visited Shun Temple in Jinan and wrote a poem "Crossing Shun Temple". Shun Temple, the name of the ancient temple, is said to be under Shungeng Lishan (now Qianfo Mountain in Jinan) and later established as Shun Temple. Guoshun Temple is the first of Zhang Shiwen's works. Original text: "the ancient spring breeze can't be called back, and every time the empty temple passes by, it is sad." The whole life has a feeling of folk songs, but the Huang family has no intention of giving way to the room. There is still water in the day in a well, and the old mountains are empty. " Gu Sou is not stubborn, because he can make his son filial to his teacher from generation to generation.
In the 25th year of Zhiyuan (1288), 19-year-old Zhang visited Baiyun Building in Jinan and wrote "Baiyun Building Fu". Baiyun Pagoda is a scenic spot in Jinan in Yuan Dynasty, which was built by Zhang Rong, and its original site is now Pearl Spring in Jinan. After this article was written, people scrambled to copy it, and it spread to Jiao Sui, the Shandong provincial judge. His eyes are sharp, so he made an exception and met Zhang, and recommended him to be Dongping.
In the 29th year of Yuan Dynasty (1292), Zhang, who was only 23 years old, followed his father's wishes and left Dongping for Beijing. After reading Zhang's article, Pingzhang's political affairs at that time greatly appreciated him and strongly recommended him as "History of Rites". Later, he was elected to the censorate.
In the 30th year of Yuan Dynasty (1293), Zhang was recommended by Bu Hume as an official of Yushitai. Once, when Zhang heard that he was ill, he went to see him. When he saw that the noble inspector was not affected, he got nothing. I can't help but blurt out my admiration: "This is amazing!"
In the Yuan Dynasty (1295), his friend Wang Youkai died of sudden illness, and Zhang wrote an epitaph for him. Through this incident, I got to know Yuan Mingshan, a famous politician in the Yuan Dynasty.
In the second year of Yuan Zhen (1296), after the expiration of Yushitai, he lived at home. During this period, he wrote to Dong to seek an official position in the suggestion.
In three years (1297), Zhang was appointed as the provincial capital of Zhongshu. In February of the same year, the first year of Gaiyuan Dade was changed. The son Yannu was born.
Zhang Dade four years (1300), Yan Nv Di Qiang was born. In the same year, Mr. Buhumu died.
In the sixth year of Dade (1302), Ziyannu died young and temporarily lived in the south of Guangdu Temple outside Wenmingmen. Write "Yan Zi Ji Numing".
In the seventh year of Dade (1303), Yuan Mingshan was exiled to Beijing for some reason and lived in Huainan. Zhang farewell, and made a "send Yuan Fuchu preface".
In the ninth year (1305), Zhang was selected by Zhongshu Province to write Tang Yi County Yin. Zhang of Tangyi County took the lead in destroying more than 30 ancestral temples, punishing robbers and protecting the environment and people, which was praised by the people.
During the ten years of Dade (1306), Zhang worked hard in Tangyi County, during which he wrote "Advice to Herdsmen" in "Three Suggestions".
In the 11th year of Dade (1307), he took office in Tangyi County and later took charge of Boping County.
After returning to Beijing, he worked in Yuan Wuzong until the first year of Dayuan (1308). Since taking the throne, he has made his brother Ai Yu Ba Li Libada (later Yuan Renzong) the Crown Prince. Zhang was called by the East Palace to study classics, but before he arrived, he changed the literature of Prince Edward and immediately worshipped the censor. Write Feng Xian's suggestion into three suggestions and put them in the position of suggestions. In the same year, Yuan Mingshan and Zhang Tong were both Prince Literature.
In the second year (1309), the imperial court decided to establish Shangshu Province. Zhang wrote that he did not support the establishment faction. After the establishment of Shangshu Province, Zhang wrote that this is political reform and chaos, which will harm the world. Minister Yushitai suppressed these memorials and pretended not to accept them. Later, Wu Zong held a sacrificial ceremony in the southern suburbs. At that time, he said he was not feeling well and asked the minister to take his place. As a result, a strong wind blew that day, freezing many people to death. Zhang dui said, "the wrong person replaced the sacrifice, so God changed the climate for the emperor."
In the third year (13 10), Zhang was appointed as the censor. The last 10,000-word book was dedicated to the emperor, pointing out the "ten evils" of the current situation, including too much reward, too loose punishment, too light fame, too weak platform and too high civil engineering. Because of "speaking frankly", the result is "the state can't tolerate it". First, Hanlin was exempted from the waiting system, and then he was accused of weaving and demoted to a civil servant, which can never be reused. Knowing the serious consequences, Zhang changed his name and left Dadu.
In my senior year (13 1 1), in the first month, Wu Zong died and Renzong ascended the throne. Immediately go to a series of reforms before Shangshu Province. Renzong cherished Zhang's talent and appointed him as the right secretary of Zhongshu Province, and later appointed him as an academician. At the same time, Yuan Mingshan is also waiting for the production of Hanlin.
In the second year of Qing Dynasty (13 13), Yuan Mingshan moved to Hanlin as a lecturer, and Zhang replaced Yuan Mingshan with a straight bachelor from Hanlin. With the active promotion of Zhang, Yuan Mingshan and others, the imperial examination was held in four years (1 15).
In the second year of Yanyou (13 15), the first imperial examination was held in the Yuan Dynasty. As an assistant minister of rites, Zhang co-chaired with Yuan Mingshan and Cheng Jufu. In order to recruit talents and encourage students to study in the future, Zhang suggested that the exam should not be too strict, and even the candidates who failed the exam should be given some care. His ideas were recognized by the imperial court, which attracted celebrities such as Zhang Qiyue, Youren Xu, Ouyang Xuan and Huang Mei. The resumption of the imperial examination opened the door for scholars to be officials. The students who graduated from the imperial examination were very grateful and went to thank them, but they were all declined by Zhang. Just tell them, "Just think about how to use talents to serve the country. You don't have to thank me, and I dare not thank you. "
In the third year of Yanyou (13 16), Zhang was the assistant minister of Libu, and recruited ships for the imperial court in Quannan (Quanzhou). I have traveled all the way to places like West Lake, Lingyin Temple, Crossing Qiantang, Jianning Road, Xinghua Road, Fuzhou and Quanzhou.
After five years' extension (13 18), Zhang was promoted to be the assistant of Shaanxi book making, and later changed to the right prime minister. Later, Zhang served as the minister of rites, presided over the imperial examination of that year, and suddenly there were 56 people including Da Er and Huo Xixian.
After six years' delay (13 19), Zhang, as an official of the Ministry of Rites, rewarded and studied later.
In the seventh year of Yanyou (1320), Zhang was appointed to participate in the discussion on the history of Han, and wrote The Inscription of Ci by Confucius. Injong died, and Injong's son Shuobadra was the emperor's throne, which was for Yuan Yingzong.
I lived in my hometown of Yuan Yingzong until the first year of Zhi Zhi (132 1). The seventh day of the first month coincides with the Lantern Festival. The emperor planned to decorate the Aoshan Mountain in the palace, and Zhang played music for the Prime Minister. Shu Shu, a general, hid in his sleeve and went to the palace to remonstrate with him. Shu Shu said, "Sai-jo has been in power for more than 30 years, and the people still ban lights on the Lantern Festival; You should be more careful in the solemn court. The emperor intends to hang lanterns in the palace. I think the fun is small and the impact is great. Less happiness, more troubles. I hope that (the Emperor) will advocate frugality and profound thoughts, and take luxury, eating, drinking and having fun as a precept. " Yingzong was furious and said happily after watching the performance: "It's not that Zhang Ximeng didn't dare to say so." So I canceled the plan to light lanterns. Zhang Ming-ren gave gold and silver cloth in recognition of his integrity. In June, Zhang, then a senator, suddenly resigned on the grounds that his father was old and needed support, so he returned to China. After the imperial court called Zhang as the minister of rites, he did not worship. On December 28th, Zhang's father, Zhang Yu, died at the age of eighty. His son Zhang Qiang also died in this year.
In the second year (1322), Zhang held a funeral at home. On February 7, his good friend Yuan Mingshan passed away and wrote "Wan Fu Yuan Chu". In March, the minister of Zhongshu Province wrote: "Chinese studies have fallen into disunity. Please ask Zhongshu Pingzhang, Zhang and Du officials who participated in the discussion of Zhongshu to supervise the repair. " Zhang does not follow it.
In the third year (1323), Zhang continued to worry at home, but he did not die. The court called him the official minister, and Zhang resigned due to lack of ability. I admire Zhang and come here to study. In August, Tie Ru and Temuder's son Sonam knew about the Privy Council, and Timur, Dasinong and others 16 people staged a coup, taking the Asu Guards as the external response, killed Yuan Yingzong and worshipped him. Subsequently, Jin Wang Li Ying and Sun Tiemu (Taiding Emperor) acceded to the throne. History calls this event "the change of South Slope".
In the first year of Yuan Taiding (1324), the imperial court called Zhang to work in Dadu with the posts of Prince Zhan Shicheng and storytelling. Zhang was ready to go to his post. When he arrived in Tongzhou, he also claimed to be ill and resigned. In August, Jinan Huibo Building was damaged and rebuilt. Zhang wrote the inscription "Rebuilding Huibo Building" after the tour.
In the second year of Taiding (1325), the court called Zhang Weizhi and sent him to Huaidong, but Reng Zhang refused to go. For his friend Yuan Mingshan, he wrote "Yuan Gong Tombstone Inscription", which Yu Renben learned from, and wrote "Preface to Ren Benben" to send it.
During the eight years from the first year (132 1) to the second year (1329), Zhang lived in Trang Van (now Zhanggongfen Village, tianqiao district City, Jinan City), interacted with scholars, literati and old friends, and collected inscriptions. His works included poems, songs, poems, travel notes and inscriptions. Eight years at home, the court can't call seven.
In July of the fifth year of Taiding (1328), Taiding Emperor died and Yuan Wenzong succeeded to the throne. Later, the court staged many coups and the political situation was turbulent. In September and October, Yuan Wenzong put down the rebellion of Emperor Tianshun and others in the Yuan Dynasty and changed the calendar to the Yuan Dynasty.
In the second year of AD (1329), in the first month of Shaanxi, Zhang went to Taichung, Shaanxi, and the court made a special visit. In February, after receiving the appointment, Zhang immediately distributed all his family's property to the poor in the village, boarded the bus and headed for Shaanxi to help the hungry, and buried it when he saw it. On the way, I wrote "Resignation of Servants" and wanted to go back to China to support my mother. I passed Huashan Mountain in March and went to Xiyue Temple for rain. I cried and knelt down on the ground and couldn't get up. On the 29th, I wrote "Rain in Xihua Moon Temple", and on the 30th, I wrote "Rain Reminder in Xihua Moon Temple" to pray for rain. On April 1 day, after the rain, I wrote poems such as Xie Yuwen to express my joy. I have been an official in Shaanxi for four months and have never returned home. I have been living in the government, praying to the sky at night and going out to help the victims during the day, without any slack. At that time, a bucket of rice was worth thirteen yuan, and ordinary people used money to buy rice when they went out. If the paper money is slightly unclear or damaged, it can't be used, so take it to the vault for exchange. Those traitors practice favoritism and malpractice, and the people only give five dollars for ten dollars, but they still can't get it after waiting for several days. People are in a very difficult situation So, Zhang checked the intact banknotes in the vault and got18.5 million yuan. They are all small notes stamped on the back and distributed to the poor. He ordered rice merchants to sell rice to them with the marks on the paper money, and they could get silver by checking the quantity in the vault, so that those profiteers and corrupt officials would never dare to engage in malpractices again. Zhang also led the rich man to sell grain, so he wrote to the court and asked for a decree to pay the grain and fill the official position. Zhang heard that someone killed his son to support his mother, so he burst into tears and took out his own money to help the family. On July 27th, Zhang died of illness at the age of 60.
In the second year of Shunzhi (133 1), the Yuan court sent letters of mourning to Zhang, Dr. Rong Lu, Shaanxi and other places, and wrote books, provinces, governments, columns and countries in this book, and posthumously sealed Haman lord protector, Wenzhong and other titles. Later generations are respectfully called Gong.
The main achievement is to promote the resumption of the imperial examination politically.
In the second year of Qing Dynasty (13 13), under the active promotion of Zhang, Yuan Mingshan and others, the imperial court of Yuan Dynasty held a palace entrance examination in the second year of Ren Zongyan (13 15), which was the first imperial examination since the founding of the Yuan Dynasty. Zhang, Yuan Mingshan and others also presided over the examination, and finally admitted 56 people including Hu Dudaer and Zhang Qiyan as Jinshi.
After five years' extension (13 18), Zhang once again presided over the imperial examination that year, adding 56 people, including Da Er and Huo Xixian.
Guanzhong disaster relief
In the second year of Tian Li's reign (1329), when the court called him to Taichung, Shaanxi Province for disaster relief, he immediately boarded the bus and went anywhere at night, regardless of his old age and infirmity. "Shameless, this heart is not an official." (Xi Fanjing) It was not the official rank that summoned him, but the disaster that seriously inspired his spirit of bearing heavy burdens for the people. On the way to be an official, I passed Luoyang, Mianchi and Tongguan and went straight to Chang 'an. Along the way, I witnessed the tragic situation of the victims, felt the rise and fall of dynasties, and wrote several nostalgic songs, which showed my sadness about the bleak prospects of North Korea and my deep sympathy for the people's suffering. After taking office, "whoever helps the people will do whatever it takes" (Su Wei's Preface to Zhang Wenzhong's Public Year). I have been an official in Shaanxi for four months, but I have never returned home to live. I have been living in the government, praying to heaven at night and going out to help the victims during the day. I didn't slack off all day, and eventually I broke down from overwork. The news came that "Guanzhong people are as sad as bereavement of their parents" (Biography of the Yuan Dynasty).
Write "three suggestions"
Zhang follows Confucianism and always does what he says. "remonstrating politics" represents his leading thought of advocating honest and upright officials all his life. The admonition policy is also called "three remonstrances", in which the remonstrance of the animal husbandry is the local official, the remonstrance of the constitution is the supervisor, and the remonstrance of the temple is the central official. Three pieces of advice are sincere advice to local officials, supervisory officials and central officials. "Three remonstrances" is an important part of the monograph on official morality in the Yuan Dynasty, which has important reference value for studying the political thought, government affairs and social atmosphere at that time, and also has considerable influence on the feudal ruling concept of later generations.
Taking Advice to Herdsmen as an example, this paper discusses the essentials of worshipping life, taking office, hearing litigation, imperial edict, declaring edict, being cautious in prison, saving the famine, working long hours and living in seclusion. "It is better to praise good deeds, to benefit from the righteous Xiu De, and even from things, to eliminate treachery and treat people with compassion. Anyone who can be a model at the county level will do their best. " Feng xian's suggestion > preface). Zhang put forward six principles in the article "Staff", that is, each should keep his own boundaries, be kind to others, share weal and woe, slander and respect each other, and be self-disciplined. The discussion is concise, for example, The Legal Person Who Can't Self-discipline points out that "the same officials have made mistakes, which will not endanger politics and should be tolerant. Generally speaking, be strict with yourself and be lenient with others. You must let everyone be with you, and there is no reason in the world. " A few words got to the point. No wonder many local officials "left a book at home and did it". Although this book is not a masterpiece, it also inspires today's leaders.
Master of Sanqu literature
Zhang is one of the representative writers of Sanqu in Yuan Dynasty, and his Sanqu creation has established his immortal position in the history of China literature. His collection of Sanqu is Trang Van's Living in a Comfortable Little Yuefu, which is called Trang Van Yuefu for short. * * * contains more than 50 pieces of his/kloc-0. There are also many colorful songs named Zhang Yunzhuang's Works, which are included in other anthologies.
Content determines form. Zhang's broad artistic vision and rich creative themes make it impossible for his works to be graceful and lingering. Zhang, who started with Sanqu Liberalism in his early days, is also considered as a representative writer of Sanqu Liberalism in Yuan Dynasty. In particular, his masterpiece "Goat Tongguan Nostalgia" is magnificent, gloomy and profound, which greatly improves the expressive force of Sanqu and can be called a first-class masterpiece in Yuan Dynasty. The author's humanitarian spirit of being diligent, loving the people and saving the world, his thought of avoiding the world and his critical consciousness of criticizing reality with history as a mirror make his works rich in ideological connotation, which reflects Zhang's personality and noble mind of saving the world from different aspects.
Zhang retired from his hometown at the age of 5 1 for more than eight years. During this period, he "looks like the wind and flowers, and the birds are sweet." He took Liuhe as his home, the four seasons as his friends, was proud of Lin Quan, was addicted to poetry and wine, and wrote many beautiful and moving poems and Sanqu. Returning to the Field was his masterpiece collection when he lived at home.
Famous poets and poets
Zhang is not only famous for Sanqu in the world, but also has high achievements in poetry, which can be compared with the four great poets in Yuan Dynasty. He is rich in content and has a wide range of subjects, and he has excellent works in chanting history, traveling, reflecting real politics and people's livelihood. Moreover, the language is beautiful and mature, especially good at writing scenery and expressing emotion.
His prose is also unique in style and diverse in genre. In his long political career, most of his political papers written in combination with the actual situation are full of emotion, incisive and clear-cut, which not only played a positive role at that time, but also played a positive role in our politics, economy and life today.
In his later years, Zhang compiled his poems into 40 volumes of Returning to the Field, and there are 24 existing volumes, which are included in Sikuquanshu. His political essays are entitled "Three remonstrances", including "Mu remonstrance", "Feng Xian remonstrance" and "Si remonstrance". He also has a collection of words "Jianghu Long and Short Sentences", but unfortunately it has been lost.
On the political aspect of character evaluation, Su Tianjue praised Zhang in his "Seven Appointments": "Law-enforcing shepherds are moral orders, those who enter the cabinet are celebrities, those who remonstrate with Taiwan are bones, and those who leave the province are capable ministers. They are great men of a sincere generation! "
Li Shizhan praised him: "Being upright for heaven and earth, learning from sages, accumulating virtue for morality, publishing articles and promoting political achievements are not upright."
Preface to Su Wei's Chronicle of Zhang Wenzhong's Public Years: "The festival of observing the public is leisurely and appropriate. Not a so-called gentleman with lofty aspirations. " "You let the public be the king and do whatever you want. How can you measure what you can do?"
Scholars in the Ming Dynasty praised him: "He (referring to Zhang) is concerned about the country and the people, and there is an overflow of diligence between articles and political affairs."
In terms of literature, Zhu Quan once praised Zhang Yanghao's style in Taihe Yin Zhengpu: "Like a jade tree in the breeze."
Anecdotal allusion to personal works: Nine Years of Dade in Tang Yi (1305), Zhang Ren was Yin in Tang Yi County. Tangyi is located in the northwest of Liaocheng City, Shandong Province. At that time, there were many natural and man-made disasters and the social order was very chaotic. After Zhang came to power, he carried out fruitful rectification. At that time, the county government had a saying that "the official residence was unfavorable", that is, people living in it would encounter disasters. Zhang did not believe in evil and settled in safely. After he took office, he first destroyed prostitution temples and more than 30 temples where officials and gentry deceived villagers and used them to collect money. Then punish the bully and bring the wicked who do evil in the local area to justice. According to historical records, there was a local thug named, who ganged up to harm one party, but Yin, a former county magistrate, dared not touch him. After Zhang took office, he caught them all and the people praised him. He also released the hungry people who were falsely accused as "thieves" to go home, and lifted the unreasonable system of "looking to the sun"-that is, on the first and fifteenth day of each month, the released prisoners would go to the county government to call the roll. This measure is also very popular with the public. The released prisoners are even more grateful. They repay his trust with hard work and self-reliance. So for three years, this county was autonomous. During this period, Zhang also wrote a book "Pastoral Advice" based on his political experience, and put forward the requirements of county officials to "save themselves", "persuade farmers" and "abstain from greed". The people of Tangyi are grateful to Dade and erect a monument to praise it.
Zhang Qiyan (1285— 1354) was the first scholar in the Yuan Dynasty. In Yan 52 (13 15), Zhang Qiyan took part in the imperial examination. This year's imperial examination, Zhang presided over the imperial examination, insisted on meritocracy, and used a large number of talents such as Zhang Qiyan. Zhang Qiyue and other scholars are very grateful. They wanted to pay homage at home, but Zhang declined. Zhang gave them a note asking them to just "think about how to use their talents to serve the country." Don't thank me, I dare not thank you. " Since then, Zhang Qiyan, as Zhang's student, assistant and fellow countryman, has received Zhang's concern and support in officialdom.
In the old city of Jinan, there is a line called County West Lane. The "county" in the West Lane does not refer to the county-level administrative divisions, but refers to the ancient Licheng county department, that is, the Licheng county government. Because of the special location of this street, many officials in the past dynasties built palaces here. Among them, Zhang, a famous writer in Yuan Dynasty, once built the "Seven Covenant Hall" here.
Zhang Zeng supervised the imperial history. He was an honest official and criticized the current politics many times, which was not tolerated by the powerful people at that time. After resigning and retiring, he built a house by Daming Lake. During the day, I went boating on the lake with three or five friends, drinking and singing, thinking about reading by candlelight at night, and lived a leisurely life like a fairy. Later, because the court was stingy with his talent, he expropriated it seven times, but he was unmoved for the first six times. The seventh time, due to the disaster at that time, Zhang returned to his official career for disaster relief. Serving the people, and finally exhausted in the disaster relief post. The imperial court also posthumously awarded him as the guest duke, and he was so loyal to Wen that his second son Zhang led him to attack the official, helped his coffin to be buried in his hometown, and built the ancestral hall, formerly known as "Zhanggong Temple", and renamed it "Qipin Hall" to commemorate his seven engagements.
Future generations commemorate Zhang Jinan, east of Qinghe North Road, tianqiao district, below the west side of beiyuan road Viaduct, near the community. There is a quiet occasion. That is the tomb of Zhang, a poet of the Yuan Dynasty. The memorial archway at the entrance to the cemetery is written with the words "Water Song Yue Feng". There is a stone, several stone tablets, pines and cypresses, miscellaneous trees and weeds in the garden. Deep underground, there is a circular burial tomb with a diameter of about 10 meter, which is Zhang's final resting place.