The main problems of logistics come directly from the operation of industrial and commercial enterprises, and enterprise logistics is one of the most important fields of logistics research and practice. Enterprise logistics refers to the complete cycle of goods from raw material supply, production and processing to finished products and sales, as well as the recovery and reuse of wastes generated in the process of production and consumption, including supply logistics, production logistics and sales logistics. Enterprise logistics management is an activity process in which enterprises straighten out various relations, rationally allocate logistics resources, effectively provide logistics services, constantly create logistics value and seek good economic benefits.

First, the necessity of choosing the business model of enterprise logistics

Influenced by the idea of "attaching importance to business flow" and "neglecting logistics", operators lack sufficient understanding and attention to the role and position of logistics in enterprises, and do not regard logistics as the key to optimize production processes and strengthen market operation, but put logistics activities in a subordinate position and passively accept production and sales services.

According to British research, all kinds of logistics costs account for14.8% of the total price of goods on average; American research shows that the logistics cost percentage of various commodities ranges from 10% to 32%. Research in China shows that the logistics cost of general commodities accounts for more than 50% ~ 60% of the total cost of commodities, the circulation cost of fruits, food and other commodities accounts for 60% ~ 70% of the total cost of commodities, and the transportation damage rate of glass and ceramics is as high as 20%. The time occupied by the logistics process accounts for almost 90% of the whole production and operation process. According to statistics, the logistics cost in developed countries generally accounts for about 10% of GDP, while in China it is between 15%-30%.

Second, the choice of business model of enterprise logistics

What kind of logistics management mode enterprises choose mainly depends on two factors: first, the influence of logistics on the success of enterprises; The second is the ability of enterprises to manage logistics. Based on this, three decision-making schemes are designed: logistics self-support scheme, logistics outsourcing scheme and logistics alliance scheme.

1. Logistics self-sufficiency plan

Logistics self-support refers to the logistics activities organized by production enterprises with their own material conditions. Under the mode of logistics self-operation, enterprises will also buy transportation services from transportation companies or warehousing services from warehousing enterprises, but these services are limited to one or a series of decentralized logistics functions, and they are temporary and pure market trading services. Logistics companies do not provide unique services according to their unique business processes, that is, the connection between logistics services and enterprise value chain is loose.

According to the survey, in domestic industrial enterprises, 36% and 46% of raw materials are borne by the enterprises themselves and supplier enterprises respectively; In product sales logistics, the proportions of enterprise self-care, enterprise self-care and third-party logistics are 24. 1% and 59.8% respectively; In commercial enterprises, the logistics activities undertaken by enterprises and suppliers are 76.5% and 17.6% respectively. The reason why the proportion of logistics self-operation is high is that logistics self-operation is beneficial for enterprises to grasp the control right of customers, ensure the accuracy and timeliness of supply, ensure the quality of customer service and ensure that enterprises can obtain long-term and stable profits; Self-supporting logistics is a realistic choice for enterprises under the existing system. If the logistics function outsourcing is implemented, the existing logistics facilities of enterprises with self-operated logistics will be idle or transferred, and the existing logistics personnel will be changed or even laid off, which will certainly touch on the vested interests of some people, and the top management of enterprises will undoubtedly bear huge reform risks; The property right of an enterprise determines its own logistics; The present situation of third-party logistics in China determines that self-operated logistics is the last choice for enterprises. For example, when accepting logistics services, shippers often encounter the other party's breach of contract, such as time delay and damage to goods.

Generally speaking, if logistics has a great influence on the success of an enterprise and the enterprise has a strong ability to manage logistics, then it is more appropriate for an enterprise to adopt the mode of independent logistics management. Common modes of independent logistics management are as follows: ① Integrate the logistics activities scattered in different organizational departments into one department for operation and management, and realize the integration of internal logistics management across business units. ② Develop internal horizontal logistics organizations or cross-functional logistics organizations, and conduct them according to business processes or workflows, rather than tasks or functions, so as to achieve cross-task cooperation and customer-centeredness. (3) Establish logistics service department. The internal logistics service department is market-oriented, charging internal customers, and internal customers no longer enjoy free or low-cost services. The logistics department can provide services for external customers, and internal customers can also choose external suppliers to provide services. (4) Establish a logistics subsidiary, with agents specializing in logistics business management, unified command of logistics business, independent accounting and self-financing. Excess logistics capacity can participate in socialized management to avoid idleness and waste of logistics capacity.

2. Logistics outsourcing scheme

Logistics outsourcing is to entrust some or all logistics activities to professional logistics enterprises in a certain period of time by signing contracts. Because any enterprise has limited resources, it can't gain a competitive advantage in all business fields. In the rapidly changing market competition, it is difficult for a single enterprise to adjust itself by relying on its own resources to catch up with the speed of market changes. Enterprises must concentrate their limited resources on their core business, strengthen their core competence, and hand over their businesses that do not have core competence to external organizations in the form of outsourcing or strategic alliance and cooperation. As Drucker, a famous American management scholar, once predicted, "In ten to fifteen years, any enterprise that only provides back-office support without creating turnover should be outsourced, and any activities and businesses that do not provide advanced development opportunities should also be outsourced."