How to write a popular science composition? Teaching and Research Papers 2008-05- 19 19:20 Read 2363 Comments 2 1 font size: The operation process of popular science composition is: asking questions-consulting materials-on-site observation (or experiment)-writing articles. It can be summarized as the "four steps" of popular science composition. Step one, ask questions. At the beginning of each semester, students observe reading and ask questions related to popular science as research topics. The more questions, the higher the quality, and the more sensitive the students' thinking tentacles; The broader the thinking space. Then publish these questions in the class for everyone to choose. You can choose one or two problems as your main goals in the near future. The second step is to consult the information. Is to read with questions. This kind of reading is different from ordinary reading, with strong purpose and pertinence. In order to complete a popular science composition, most students go to bookstores and science museums to look up information, take notes, find answers and take pains to appreciate it. The third step is field observation (or experiment). Observation can be divided into directional observation and opportunity observation. This refers to the directional observation used to explain a phenomenon. For example, some students found that there was a kind of colloid on the feet of Parthenocissus tricuspidata through observation, which revealed the secret of its "wall climbing ability". Some problems can't be solved by observation alone, but also by experiment. Of course, for primary school students, there are many scientific and technological problems, which are difficult to observe and inconvenient to experiment, and can only be solved by consulting materials. Such as "Is there water on Mercury?" "Dioxin-the devil that harms human health!" "Why are there stripes on the tiger?" Wait a minute. The fourth step is to write a composition. This is the last step, the purpose, and it is carried out on the basis of fully possessing information. Its basic idea is to ask questions-analyze problems-solve problems. This article is written to reveal the process and results of analyzing problems. Advantages of popular science composition: First, the writing level is improved. According to the survey, among 58 people in an experimental class, only 9 people are interested in textbook composition, accounting for15%; 58 people are interested in popular science composition, accounting for 100%. Interest leads to achievement. The good rate of popular science composition is above 85%, which is much higher than that of textbook composition. Recently, the teacher made a questionnaire survey for parents, and all the questionnaires were withdrawn, indicating that they were very happy, satisfied and in favor. Some people even think that this is a "new thing" and a "compulsory course for primary school students in 2 1 century". A student's mother said, "I can hardly imagine what a primary school student can write about popular science." I was shocked when I read "The Enlightenment of Fireflies" written by my daughter. It is not only clear in theme, but also very logical, and I am greatly inspired. " The second is to broaden the theme of writing. Traditional writing styles are limited to humanities, such as writing people, taking notes, writing scenes and writing objects. Moreover, the use of common themes such as kindness and charity makes the composition lose its aura and vitality. The emergence of popular science composition has broken the unification of humanistic themes, and the scope of material selection has expanded from astronomy and geography to flowers, birds, fish and insects, covering the whole world, and there is no repetition from topic to content every time. Third, active thinking ability. Problems are the starting point of thinking. Popular science composition begins with asking questions, which provides infinite space for the development of thinking. There are 100,000 whys, 1 million whys and 1 million whys in the universe. In the process of exploring these reasons, students will gradually develop the thinking quality of daring to question, criticize and create. According to statistics, in the process of popular science composition writing, 65,438+000% is consulting, 50% is consulting others (teachers, parents, relatives and friends), 32% is on-the-spot observation, and 38% is from experiments, which effectively promote the development of thinking ability. Fourth, cultivate scientific spirit. What is scientific spirit? In short, it is to love science, learn science and use science. Love is the premise, learning is the means, and use is the purpose. Improving the scientific quality of the Chinese nation is related to the rise and fall of China in the new century. It is urgent to popularize science from children. The practice of popular science composition has laid a solid foundation for cultivating students' scientific spirit. Example: A freshman with a battery was listening to English on the repeater on Sunday, but my voice was getting louder and louder. I looked up and there was no electricity. I just wanted to ask my mother for money to buy a battery, but then I thought, one battery, 1.5 yuan, four at a time, and the new battery was running out; In addition, abandoned batteries will pollute the environment ... by the way, I have read about the reuse of old batteries in books before. Why don't I try? So I went to the bookcase and rummaged through the books. At this time, my mother came over and asked, "Yang Yang, why don't you listen?" "Oh, the battery is dead." "Then buy two festivals!" "No, I want to make my own battery." My mother looked at me incredulously and said, "You are daydreaming!" "Just watch!" Finally, I found this book. According to the method introduced in the book, I found four old batteries, scissors and nails, and made some fertilizer from flower fertilizer. In order to persuade my mother, I specially asked her for help. First, I peel off the skins of the four batteries with small scissors (don't damage the prototype of the battery), then I use small nails to pierce several holes on the surface of the battery, pour fat water into it, and then seal the holes with wax. So it's over. I put the battery in the repeater. Although there is electricity, the power is too small. I think there is probably too little fat and water. I did it again, but not yet. What's the problem? On second thought. My mother smiled and said, "I said no, you see, it failed!" " "I am not reconciled, thinking: the electricity for making batteries comes from fertilizer water. Can you exchange it for other raw materials? Later I injected saline in the same way. The repeater was fully charged and took a long time. Mom saw it and said happily, "Haha, the battery factory is going to close down!" " "It seems that waste is not necessarily useless! The wet clothes are dry! When I was a child, I often saw my mother hang wet clothes on the drying rack. After a while, mother took off the dry clothes from the clothes rack. I was curious and thought: Is there any magic in the clothes rack? Can wet clothes be hung up to dry? Later, with the growth of age and rich knowledge, I finally understood the mystery. The original water drop spirit hidden in clothes wanted to go to the outside world to play, so it slowly turned into wisps of steam and flew away hand in hand. So, the clothes are dry! In summer, the weather is very hot, and the elves are so hot that they shout, "Oh, it's so hot! How hot it is! Let's find a place to spend the summer, or we'll get heatstroke! " After that, they turned into steam and flew to the shade to enjoy the cool. In this way, the clothes will soon dry! Grandma Feng came, and the elves cheered: "Take Grandma Feng's car to play!" " "with these words, they spread their wings and flew to the journey of freedom ... so, the clothes soon dried up! Students, now, you should understand why wet clothes are dry! In fact, there are so many sciences around us, as long as you observe and think carefully, you can find them! With science, our life is more convenient and better! I made a magic crutch, and I gave it to the blind because it is magic. There are five buttons on this magic crutch, and each button has a sign. If you press the first button, this magic crutch will tell you whether there are peels or obstacles in front of you. If there is, it will beep, and then the crutch will stretch out a pair of big hands to put the obstacles in the trash can into the crutch, which can protect the environment. It can also make the road unimpeded. Press button 2, and this magic crutch will show you the way to where you want to go. If you are tired and want to go home, button 3 will help, and this crutch will become a wheelchair. Sitting in a wheelchair can take you home. Buttons have so many functions! If you press button 4, the massager on the back of the chair will start to massage, which can relax muscles, promote blood circulation, and specialize in treating cervical spondylosis, backache and other symptoms. It is called' family doctor'! This green button 5 is a hypnotic button. When you sleep, press this button, and the stereo in the chair will make soft music to urge you to sleep. When you fall asleep, the chair turns into a bed and the concert closes automatically. Look at my crutch, isn't it amazing? Do you want to brainstorm with me? In fact, each of us has infinite power, and that is our wisdom. We should study hard, master scientific and cultural knowledge, and make unremitting efforts to create a better future! A classmate ate watermelon and accidentally swallowed a watermelon seed. What experience will this watermelon seed have in his body? Please write a popular science essay on the topic of "The Adventures of Watermelon Seeds". (Reasonable) Adventures of Watermelon I am an unlucky watermelon seed, which was swallowed by an careless child. I went straight to the esophagus and went down the watermelon juice. Through the esophagus, I came to a "big bag", which is actually a "food storage room" rather than a big bag. Needless to say, everyone must know that this is the stomach. I was really uncomfortable in the "splash and goo east" of my stomach, and rolled back and forth, but fortunately I was not "stuck" and digested by gastric juice, because my stomach could not subdue me. I was walking. Suddenly, I saw a "passage". At first glance, I had no choice but to jump into this "channel"-the small intestine. There are many villi in the small intestine, which work like antennae and absorb nutrients. I accidentally touched a lot of tentacles. "Help! "These hairs want to suck me away, and I thought to myself: What can you do to me? The tentacles gave up. I walked around the large intestine for a while. It's not fun here Much better than the small intestine. I think of the large intestine, not far from the anus, and I can see the light of day again! Finally came to the anus. I had to pinch my nose, and then I was discharged with some yellow mucus. It is said that in order to know more about the digestive system of human body, I used magic to turn myself into a watermelon seed that day and hid it in a cut watermelon. The opportunity has finally come. I don't know who put me in my mouth with the pulp. I immediately became nervous, dodged left and right, and finally escaped the chewing of my teeth, and began a thrilling journey of freedom by mixing in the chewed pulp. Before I could observe it carefully, I felt like sliding down the slide in kindergarten. I slipped with a whoosh. I immediately realized that it must have been the "esophagus", because it was really too steep, too dangerous and too exciting! Then, I came to a big red house, spacious! God, the house is stirring back and forth like a washing machine. It only stirs me left and right for a while. When I mix with some unknown partners, I begin to feel dizzy, especially when there are more and more things in this house. It's like sitting in an overloaded car with no place to stand. I suddenly understood that this is the stomach! When I looked closely, some liquid oozed from the stomach wall and I took a bite. " Bah, what is so sour? "? You see, some companions named protein disappeared in these liquids, and I'm a little scared. I'm going around in circles, hoping to get out of this hellhole as soon as possible. You know, I've been here for hours. Just thinking, I was turned a corner (duodenum) and entered a narrow and slender channel, which is probably the "small intestine". "Alas, alas," who is pushing me? I like the feeling that the waves are rolling. It may be that the small intestine is "crawling" and there are countless "small brushes" (small intestinal villi) scratching my body, which makes me want to laugh. I am glad that a pile of sticky things stuck me to the intestinal wall, bitter and sour. A lot of things called fatness seem to have the ability to walk through walls and gradually disappear from me. I I don't recognize their faces. "What are you? "I asked, and they replied," Fool, like you, we are some undigested substances ". Why do fish live in water-A few days before the sixth grade, I bought a small goldfish, which is really cute. The little goldfish is silver-gray, and its eyes are bulging like small bulbs. The cutest thing is that it is still wearing a flared skirt. As it swims, this "flared skirt" is like a blooming lotus flower. I really like it. Every time I come home from school, the first thing I do is feed the little goldfish. When I want to sprinkle food on it, it seems to know that I want to feed it, so it swims towards me. I sprinkled fish food on the water bit by bit, and the little goldfish ate it bit by bit. When it is full of food and drink, it swims freely in the water. At this moment, a question mark suddenly flashed in my mind. Why can fish only live in water? I really wanted to understand this question, so I asked my mother. She only told me that fish breathe through gills. Can fish breathe through gills and live in water? I decided to go online to find out. Now technology is really advanced, and I soon found the answer. It turns out that fish gills are only adapted to absorb oxygen from water, but not from the air. The shape of fish is more suitable for living in water. Its body surface is covered with scales to protect its body. There is a layer of mucus on the surface of scales, which can reduce the resistance of water when swimming. No wonder it feels slippery every time I pick it up with my hands. There is also a lateral line on both sides of its body, which is connected with nerves, mainly for judging the direction and sensing the role of water flow. In addition to swimming "tools" such as pectoral fin, dorsal fin, ventral fin and caudal fin, there is also a swim bladder in the fish. By adjusting the air capacity in the swim bladder, it can float and sink freely in the water. I finally understand why fish can only live in water, and it also satisfies my curiosity. From then on, I like my little goldfish more! Every time I watch it swim freely, I will fall into endless reverie: if one day people also have gills and swim in the body, then they can swim freely in the water like small fish. What an amazing thing it will be! My new discovery-I found a spider's web in my grandmother's yard one morning in the summer vacation of grade six. A fly flew over and stuck to it. Flies keep struggling and nets keep moving. The spider came out at once and the fly became its food. A gust of wind blew and the spider web shook again. I thought the spider would come out again, but I waited for a long time and didn't come out. Why do insects come out as soon as they touch the net? The wind blows it but it doesn't come out? In order to find out this problem, I did an experiment. I used a fan to fan the spider web from fast to slow, and finally I almost "flew" the spider web out, and no spiders came out. This trick doesn't work. I changed it again. I gently stirred the net with wicker, but the spider still didn't come out. Finally, I caught a dead fly and put it on a spider's web, but it just disappeared. Why does a live fly only come out to hunt if it is stuck on the internet? My suspicions are getting stronger and stronger. It seems that I have to ask the computer teacher now. Oh! I see! The frequency of living insects is different from that of wind. The vibration frequency caused by insects is several hundred to tens of thousands of hertz, while the vibration frequency caused by wind is only a few tenths of a hertz. According to this difference, spiders know when to hunt, so they will not be easily fooled by us humans. Spiders are really clever animals! Today, I understand another thing, learn a new knowledge, and my heart is full of sweetness. Why do people cry with a runny nose and tears? When I was in the sixth grade, probably everyone cried in my life. But have you ever found that when you cry, in addition to tears coming out of your eyes, the runny nose in your nose will suddenly increase, so you will have a runny nose and tears. Why is this happening? In order to solve this secret, I thought hard. I remember in science class, when the teacher talked about human body parts, he said that there was an unremarkable organ called lacrimal apparatus in people's eyes. Lacrimal apparatus is the place where tears are produced, in order to moisten the eyeball. In fact, when we don't cry, the lacrimal apparatus is still secreting tears, but the amount is very small and we don't notice it. We blink our eyes countless times every day, just to spread our tears evenly on the surface of our eyeballs and keep them clean and bright forever. But why does your nose run when you cry? With this question, I turned on the computer. It turns out that the lacrimal apparatus consists of two parts: one is the lacrimal gland that produces tears; The second is to let tears flow from the lacrimal passage, which is connected with the nasal cavity. This is the secret of a snot and a tear. Usually only a very small amount of tears flow into the nasal cavity through the lacrimal passage, and we can hardly feel it. But when you cry, the amount of tears produced by the lacrimal apparatus suddenly increases greatly. Part of the orbit is the tears we usually see, and the other part enters the nasal cavity through the lacrimal passage, and then flows out of the nose. In fact, the water flowing from the nostrils is part of the eyes, not the real nose. Through this incident, I deeply realized that "learning often has doubts, and asking can solve doubts;" If you solve a question, you will gain wisdom. "Now science is so developed, do you have any questions, turn on the computer. You don't have to go to the library to look up information. The development of science and technology has really brought a lot of convenience to our life. As we all know, the clean new energy in the future is petroleum energy and coal. What shall we do? Without oil and coal, the world will not develop and science and technology will not progress. This is a big problem that the whole world is paying attention to. Not long ago, in order to grab oil, the United States also fought with Iraq, resulting in heavy casualties among the Iraqi people and a very difficult life for the people. If this continues, it will only lead to World War III! Our scientists have been paying attention to this problem. After years of investigation, scientists have discovered a substance called "combustible ice", also known as "natural gas hydrate". Let me introduce combustible ice! The main components of "combustible ice" are methane and water molecules (CH4 H2O). Its formation is similar to that of submarine oil and natural gas, and it is closely related. A large amount of organic matter buried deep in the seabed stratum is decomposed by anaerobic bacteria under anoxic environment, and finally petroleum and natural gas (LPG) are formed. Many of these natural gases are trapped by water molecules, and "combustible ice" is formed at low temperature and low pressure on the seabed. This is because natural gas has a special property that it can crystallize with water at a temperature of 2 ~ 5 degrees Celsius, and this crystallization is "combustible ice". "Combustible ice" does not always appear in places with natural gas, because the formation of "combustible ice" is mainly low temperature besides pressure, so it usually appears in places with ice and soil. For a long time, some people think that there is no "combustible ice" in the low latitude of China sea area; In fact, China's East China Sea and South China Sea are ready for formation. There is an East China Sea basin under the East China Sea, covering an area of 250,000 square kilometers. After 20 years of exploration, the basin has obtained 654.38+048.4 billion cubic meters of proven and controlled natural gas reserves. Then, the research group led by Jin Xianglong, an academician of China Academy of Engineering and a marine expert, found out the temperature and pressure range of "combustible ice" in the East China Sea according to the necessary conditions for the existence of natural gas hydrate, sketched out the distribution area of "combustible ice" according to the geothermal gradient and combined with the geological conditions in the East China Sea, calculated the thickness of its stable zone, made a preliminary evaluation of resources, and reached the conclusion of "considerable reserves". This has opened up a broader prospect for the surrounding areas to use efficient new energy in the new century. Ha ha! Idiot foreigners without scientific knowledge always say that we don't have this or that in China. They used to say that there was no oil in our country, and as a result, we developed the famous anniversary oilfield. Now they say that we don't have "combustible ice", and our reserves in the East China Sea and the South China Sea are still considerable! Some people will say, "combustible ice is also limited and rare." It shouldn't be much. Besides, how many years can it last? Is it more durable than oil? "Yes, combustible ice is very useful: 1 m3 combustible ice can be converted into 164 m3 natural gas and 0.8 m3 water. Scientists estimate that the distribution area of "combustible ice" on the seabed is about 40 million square kilometers, accounting for 10% of the total ocean area, and the reserves of "combustible ice" on the seabed are enough for human use 1000. With the deepening of research and investigation, the number of "combustible ice" found in the world's oceans has gradually increased, with 57 found on the seabed of 1993 and 88 found on the seabed of 200 1. According to exploration estimates, the "combustible ice" resources in the Black Ridge along the southeast coast of the United States are as high as1800 million tons, which can meet the natural gas consumption of the United States 105; The "combustible ice" resources in the Sea of Japan and its surrounding areas can be used by Japan for more than 0/00 years. According to experts' estimation, the world's total oil reserves are between 270 billion tons and 650 billion tons. According to the current consumption rate, the world oil resources will be exhausted in another 50-60 years. The discovery of "combustible ice" has given new hope to mankind caught in the energy crisis. Wow! "Combustible ice" can not only replace oil, but also be converted into water and natural gas, which is amazing, but everything has advantages and disadvantages. Although "combustible ice" has broad development and application prospects as a new energy source, methane is an efficient greenhouse gas. If "combustible ice" is not mined properly, the released methane will spread into the atmosphere, which will enhance the global greenhouse effect and lead to the melting of permafrost and polar icebergs on the earth. To develop "combustible ice" safely and reasonably, environmental protection must be considered at the same time. It can be seen that nature treats everything fairly, as we said in the article: Nature has its incomparable harmony and beauty. Friends Without Feet and Friends Without Feet are about how some animals without feet, such as snakes, earthworms and small fish, move. To read this book, we should learn from the careful observation of scientists, be good at grasping the characteristics of various animals and conduct detailed research, so as to realize the creative spirit of all discoveries. " Red dragonfly hotel "Why does the green dragonfly hotel have no customers, but the red dragonfly hotel has a thriving business?" There is a mystery in this. You can understand it by reading the comic book Red Dragonfly Hotel. The View from the Cave —— Introduction of Astronomical Telescope