(3) The status of intellectuals in the Yuan Dynasty was very low, only higher than that of beggars, and they were pushed to the bottom of society, so that they had the opportunity to get in touch with the lower classes, understand their lives and feelings, and appreciate their pains and voices. The harsh political oppression and dark social reality inspired their creative enthusiasm to express their dissatisfaction; The life of the lower classes is prepared for them.
2 Analysis of the differences between Southern Opera and Zaju
South Opera is different from North Zaju in system: it is not limited by 60% discount or one person singing to the end. It has an opening story, mostly happy endings, and its style is mostly sentimental. It is not as impassioned as the northern zaju, which makes it an essential factor in drama. Jinyuan Opera is the inheritance of Song Zaju, and its stories and tunes are richer than those of Song Zaju.
(7) (1) In content, from the reflection on the betrayal of scholars, it turned to praise the loyalty of scholars to love, as well as family ethics and brotherhood. (2) In artistic expression, a, unnecessary interruptions are obviously reduced; B, the lyrics changed from vulgar to poetic. (3) The characters are more and more vivid and full.
(24) The Peony Pavilion was written in the 26th year of Wanli (1598). According to the author's understanding, there are many sources of its theme, among which the story book Du Liniang Muse Shen Huan of Ming Dynasty has the greatest influence. The processing and adaptation of Tang Xianzu's dialogue "Muse Rejuvenation" is mainly manifested in the following aspects: first, it highlights the guardian status of Du Bao and others, and second, it changes the relationship between Du and Liu. The third is to change the color of Du Liniang feudal ladies into rebellious women. The fourth is to emphasize the difficulties and twists in pursuing free love. This traditional "rebirth" motif has a brand-new ideological content. Peony Pavilion is a love drama. Du Liniang, a young girl, lived in a boudoir for a long time and was influenced by feudal ethics. However, she still feels homesick. In her dream, she had a tryst with scholar Liu Mengmei and died for love. After her death, she married Liu Mengmei, and finally came back to life and married Liu on earth. Through the unswerving love between Du Liniang and Liu Mengmei, the script praises the indomitable struggle of young men and women for the pursuit of a free and happy love life, and expresses the hazy desire to break free from the feudal cage, smash the shackles of Neo-Confucianism in Song and Ming Dynasties, pursue individual liberation and yearn for an ideal life. From the content, The Peony Pavilion still shows the ancient theme of "the conflict between love and civilization". However, in The Peony Pavilion, "civilization" has a special connotation, that is, Neo-Confucianism and ethics advocated by Ming officials. Du Liniang's longing for love is natural. Although she was taken care of for a long time, she still had a strong desire for love and finally got it. The significance of The Peony Pavilion lies in affirming the objectivity and rationality of love desire by visual means and strongly criticizing the unreasonable "civilization". The Peony Pavilion is similar in thought to The Romance of the West Chamber, but The Romance of the West Chamber focuses on the feelings before desire, while The Peony Pavilion focuses on the feelings after desire. The Romance of the West Chamber describes the natural development of emotions, and more expresses the good wishes of all sentient beings in the world, while The Peony Pavilion particularly highlights the conflict between emotion (desire) and reason (ceremony), emphasizing the objectivity and rationality of emotions. This difference is caused by the difference of the times. The love description in The Peony Pavilion has the ideological height and characteristics of the times that some previous love dramas can't match. The author clearly regards this rebellious love as the breakthrough of ideological liberation and personality liberation, and no longer stays in the narrow sense of opposing parents' orders and matchmakers' words. The author let the young men and women in the play risk their lives for love, which not only has a strong romantic color, but also gives love great power to overcome everything and transcend life and death. The brand-new drama concept is expressed by brand-new characters, which is one of the most outstanding achievements of Peony Pavilion. Undoubtedly, it has shaped the image of Du Liniang and provided a glorious image for the China Literary Figures Gallery. The biggest feature of Du Liniang's personality is his persistent pursuit of love. She died for love, born to love. Her death was not only the real result of young women's pursuit of love in the real society at that time, but also a means for her to transcend the bondage of reality. Shen Defu's "Miscellaneous Words of Ancient Songs" said: "When the dream of Peony Pavilion came out, it was passed down from generation to generation, and the price of the West Chamber was reduced several times." Peony Pavilion not only has profound ideological connotation, but also has outstanding artistic achievements. The first is to introduce romanticism into legendary creation. First of all, what runs through the whole work is Du Liniang's strong pursuit of ideals. Secondly, the artistic conception is fantastic, which makes the plot bizarre and tortuous. Third, observe life and express characters from the ideal height of "emotion". Second, in the aspect of characterization, we pay attention to showing the inner world of the characters, and tap the subtle feelings of the characters, so that they can be revealed in form and spirit, thus giving them distinctive personality characteristics and profound cultural connotations. Third, the language is rich and colorful and the artistic conception is far-reaching. The whole play uses lyric poems to pour out the feelings of the characters. On the other hand, it has a peculiar, sharp, steep and slender language style. These characteristics have always been deeply affirmed. Some lyrics are still popular today. Show a high artistic standard.
(9) The Palace of Eternal Life is a great love tragedy. Describe that after Kaiyuan, Emperor Tang Ming indulged in debauchery, appointed the regime as a traitor, and ruled the country against Japan. Yang Guifei was jealous, and Yang took bribes, which alarmed the powerful minister An Lushan. Call soldiers rebellious. Geshuhan failed in defending Tongguan, and the soldiers were defeated and the thieves surrendered. Ming Chengzu had no choice but to flee to the ant tree. The accompanying soldiers killed Yang, and Chen Yuanli forced the soldiers to coax him. The imperial concubine Buddhist temple hanged himself, and the crumbling Datang Jiangshan got an opportunity here. It is written by the author through the story of Tang and Yang Guifei's sincere love in folklore and according to the bad political influence of their love in history and reality. Then pick up Bai Juyi's Song of Eternal Sorrow; Yu Fei, a novel in the Tang Dynasty, returned to Penglai. Stories such as Yuan Zaju, etc. , wrote the memory of Yang Guifei in Tang Dynasty, and the fact that they were immortals, lived in exile, and finally returned to the Heavenly Palace to be United for the couple forever.
(12) First of all, take the love and hate of the main characters as the basic point of the plot. The author skillfully regards the love, joys and sorrows with Li as the basic point of the whole plot, with fine needles and dense lines, interlocking. The whole plot festival is ups and downs, but it can be mixed in structure. Being able to organize the plot so completely and rigorously in the complicated historical events and complicated clues shows the author's superb artistic control ability. Secondly, typical props are the main thread running through the whole play. The author takes the poem "Fan" given by Hou Li as the main line, which runs through the whole play. At the same time, it is a beacon for the development of the plot. Putting Peach Blossom Fan in an eye-catching special position in the structure of traditional Chinese opera and taking it as the title of the script can show the author's unique artistic ingenuity in products.
(13) Li is a female image with unique connotation in Peach Blossom Fan. She unifies the pursuit of love with political knowledge, showing the important changes in ancient women's thoughts and ideological realm. This unique image reflects the progressive view of women in Qing Dynasty. The article also analyzes the reasons for the progress of women's view in Qing Dynasty.
Recommendation:/ks/ZK/fxzd/t2006101_ 41746.htm.
Answer: Lovely Angel 05- Introduction to Jianghu 2 6-20 2 1:58
All your questions are paper topics. Can you sum up the meaning of the whole paper in one or two sentences?
-_-! ! !
Interviewee: yuanyuanlyz-Jianghu rookie level 4 6-20 22:07
Wu Shuang, Zi Long-the fourth level of Jianghu rookie
You are right! Too much!
Responder: PK master is very powerful-auxiliary level 2 6-20 22:32
I left gently, just as I came gently, I left, taking away two rare points.
All your questions are paper topics. Can you sum up the meaning of the whole paper in one or two sentences?
Wu Shuang, Zi Long-the fourth level of Jianghu rookie
You are right! Too much!
Responder: drifting sex assistant level 2 6-20 23:03
A key factor in the maturity and prosperity of Yuan Zaju is the formation of professional writers. Although the details of zaju and Benyuan in Song and Jin Dynasties can't be known because they only have names, it can be roughly concluded from the notes and operas in Yuan and Ming Dynasties that their forms are simple and rough and lack literary value. The reason for this is mainly due to the lack of a fixed screenwriter team with high cultural literacy. The situation in the Yuan Dynasty was completely different. Although Mongolian rulers used some Han literati as officials long ago, the imperial examination was abolished for a long time in the early Yuan Dynasty, which made the intellectuals lose their career path. At that time, there were so-called "nine sons and ten beggars" (see Xie Fangde's Preface to Sending Fangbo Three Mountains), and a large number of Confucian scholars almost became humble and useless waste people. Some of them became craftsmen, businessmen and petty officials, while countless others became slaves and beggars. Since the social status of literati is not higher than that of opera artists, and engaging in opera is a feasible way to make a living, naturally many people, including some people with high cultural accomplishment and artistic interest, will devote themselves to this industry and use their literary expertise in script creation. Guan Hanqing, in particular, not only plays BLACKPINK, but also has outstanding writing style and a deep understanding of society and people's lives. As a member of the folk screenwriter group "Book Club", he is engaged in script creation, which has effectively promoted the breakthrough and improvement of the art of Yuan Zaju. Guan Hanqing has 66 existing scripts, which is enough to lay a solid foundation for Yuan Zaju.
Respondent: Seven Treasures Don't Cry-Trial Period Level 1 6-20 23:09
have difficulty
Respondent: wanwdbb 1- probation period level 1 6-2 1 07: 19.
I serve Shi Xuedou Xue Mei pot.
Interviewee: Anonymous 6-2 1 08:27
Too much talk, no time.
Respondent: Daqidu-Scholar Level 2 6-2 1 08:46
Green Olympics, Green China.
One world, one dream
Respondent: AndriyChoi- Scholar Level 2 6-2 1 10:49.
1. Reasons for the prosperity and development of Yuan Zaju.
A: 1. Socialization (extensiveness) and commercialization of drama performances, as well as extensive public and commercial playgrounds (music kiosks) are prerequisites for the prosperity of zaju art. A large number of intellectuals engaged in or participated in drama activities is a necessary condition for the prosperity of zaju. The appearance of a large number of famous actors is an important condition for the prosperity of Yuan Zaju.
There are many reasons for the development of Yuan Zaju.
(1) The Yuan Dynasty was established after Kublai Khan destroyed the Song Dynasty, which lasted 90 years from 1279 to 1368. The Yuan Dynasty was a great khanate spanning Europe and Asia, which ended the division of China since the Northern Song Dynasty and became a multi-ethnic unified country. During the ninety years of Yuan Dynasty, the economy and culture of all ethnic groups in China have been widely exchanged and developed. The vast territory has promoted the communication and cultural exchange between China and Eurasian countries. Mongolian rulers in Yuan Dynasty paid little attention to the traditional Confucianism of Han nationality, especially the patriarchal clan system of Neo-Confucianism in Song Dynasty, and the ideological and cultural fields were relatively free and active, which promoted the development of culture and art in Yuan Dynasty and became a unique prosperous period in the history of cultural development in China.
(2) The Yuan Dynasty was an era of Mongolian nomadic rule. At the beginning of the Yuan Dynasty, the Mongols unified China by force, and the economy and culture in the Central Plains were severely damaged by years of war and the backward mode of production of nomadic tribes. The rulers of the Yuan Dynasty practiced cruel national rule and divided the people into four classes: Mongolian, Semu, Han and Nanren. The Han and southerners have low status and suffer heavy oppression. There are great differences in customs, politics, economy and culture between nomadic Mongolian and Han nationality, which also makes all kinds of contradictions very sharp. In the Yuan Dynasty, the imperial examination system was abolished, and the officials were all Mongolians and Semu people, with few Han people and southerners. The intellectuals of the Han nationality have no hope of career, hate their untimely birth, are very dissatisfied with the Mongolian rulers and adopt an uncooperative attitude. They either live in seclusion in the mountains and rivers. Or send lyrics with literature and art; Or escape into an empty door of Buddhism and seek spiritual liberation. Due to the above reasons, the culture and art of the Yuan Dynasty flourished and made brilliant achievements. ?
(3) The status of intellectuals in the Yuan Dynasty was very low, only higher than that of beggars, and they were pushed to the bottom of society, so that they had the opportunity to get in touch with the lower classes, understand their lives and feelings, and appreciate their pains and voices. The harsh political oppression and dark social reality inspired their creative enthusiasm to express their dissatisfaction; The life of the lower class provides rich and vivid life materials for their artistic creation. At the same time, in order to find a way out of life, they are unwilling to bury their talents, so many people joined the creative team of folk art, that is, Yuan Zaju. Their participation combines elegant classical literature with folk art; Their high cultural accomplishment and extensive knowledge have improved the literary and artistic level of Yuan Zaju. With the participation of literati, the zaju art, which was originally engaged by actresses and geisha, gradually evolved into a mature and perfect art form. The appearance of Yuan Zaju is a significant development in the history of China's culture and art, and it has become an artistic wonder in the history of China literature, which is as famous as Tang poetry and Song poetry.
2 Analysis of the differences between Southern Opera and Zaju
South Opera is different from North Zaju in system: it is not limited by 60% discount or one person singing to the end. It has an opening story, mostly a happy ending, and its style is mostly sentimental. Unlike the northern zaju, it is more free in form and more convenient to express life. Unfortunately, the books of the early Southern Opera are rarely preserved. It was not until the end of Yuan Dynasty and the beginning of Ming Dynasty that Southern Opera began to flourish. After the processing and improvement of the literati, this short play which is not rigorous enough has finally become a quite complete long play. For example, "Pipa Story" is a transition from southern opera to legend. The theme of this work comes from folklore, which shows a story completely and has certain drama. It was once known as "the ancestor of reviving southern opera". In the middle of Ming Dynasty, a large number of legendary writers and scripts emerged, among which Tang Xianzu was the most successful. He wrote many legendary plays in his life, and Peony Pavilion is his masterpiece. Through the story of Du Liniang and Liu Mengmei's life and death parting, the work praises the rebellious spirit of opposing feudal ethics, pursuing happy love and demanding individual liberation. The author endowed love with the power to bring it back to life, overcame the shackles of feudal ethics and won the final victory. This had far-reaching social significance in the society firmly ruled by feudal ethics at that time. This play has been loved by readers and audiences for 300 years. To this day, the boudoir, The Scared Dream and other fragments are still active on the stage of opera performance, radiating its artistic brilliance.
3. It shows that Peony Pavilion highlights the contradiction between emotion and reason.
The Peony Pavilion shows the conflict between emotion and reason. The conflict between the "emotion" pursued by Du Liniang and Liu Mengmei and the feudal ethical forces ("reason") represented by Du Bao is the basis of drama conflict. The legend of Ming and Qing Dynasties is characterized by the parallel development of two plot lines formed by the actions of opposing characters in the play. The activities of Du Bao, Du Mu, Chen Zui Liang and others constitute the external environment of Du Liniang's life, and the concept of this external living environment is "reason" and "managing the nature and destroying human desires". Although Du Bao, Du Mu and Chen Liangliang have different attitudes towards Du Liniang, their starting point is to "standardize Du Liniang with feudal ethics", so that they all ignore the drastic changes in Du Liniang's heart. Du Liniang just fantasizes and struggles in his mind alone. Under the oppression of such external environment, she can't express and put into action. Her fantasy and pursuit of love are only intense conflicts, struggles and sufferings in her heart. This is the reason for Du Liniang's inner action. This kind of inner action is tragic. The subtle, profound, dramatic and sentimental lyricism of this inner tragic action is the dramatic charm of Peony Pavilion.
Pursuing and realizing "love" in dreams is the running action of dramatist Du Liniang. The meaning of "nightmare" runs through the play. The "past and profundity" of "love" in "dream" dominates Du Liniang's life action after waking up. This penetrating action is clear, rich, powerful and coherent; After several twists and turns, from man to ghost, from ghost to man, it has turned upside down and gone through hardships, but the situation has never changed. The plot twists and turns, climax after climax. Before the "dream", Du Liniang's inner world was pure and simple. She doesn't know what she is going to do, she is just a little depressed. After Dream, Du Liniang's inner image immediately became clear, and his emotional world was rich and substantial. Although she was a boudoir girl in feudal times, gentle and refined, not as passionate as Juliet, a contemporary western girl, once she woke up, Du Liniang was obsessed with it, went through hardships, lived without regret, and died without regret. Therefore, her dramatic actions are very clear and powerful.
(3) (1) After Kublai Khan destroyed the Song Dynasty, the Yuan Dynasty was established, which lasted 90 years from 1279 to 1368. The Yuan Dynasty was a great khanate spanning Europe and Asia, which ended the division of China since the Northern Song Dynasty and became a multi-ethnic unified country. During the ninety years of Yuan Dynasty, the economy and culture of all ethnic groups in China have been widely exchanged and developed. The vast territory has promoted the communication and cultural exchange between China and Eurasian countries. Mongolian rulers in Yuan Dynasty paid little attention to the traditional Confucianism of Han nationality, especially the patriarchal clan system of Neo-Confucianism in Song Dynasty, and the ideological and cultural fields were relatively free and active, which promoted the development of culture and art in Yuan Dynasty and became a unique prosperous period in the history of cultural development in China. (2) The Yuan Dynasty was an era of Mongolian nomadic rule. At the beginning of the Yuan Dynasty, the Mongols unified China by force, and the economy and culture in the Central Plains were severely damaged by years of war and the backward mode of production of nomadic tribes. The rulers of the Yuan Dynasty practiced cruel national rule and divided the people into four classes: Mongolian, Semu, Han and Nanren. The Han and southerners have low status and suffer heavy oppression. There are great differences in customs, politics, economy and culture between nomadic Mongolian and Han nationality, which also makes all kinds of contradictions very sharp. In the Yuan Dynasty, the imperial examination system was abolished, and the officials were all Mongolians and Semu people, with few Han people and southerners. The intellectuals of the Han nationality have no hope of career, hate their untimely birth, are very dissatisfied with the Mongolian rulers and adopt an uncooperative attitude. They either live in seclusion in the mountains and rivers. Or send lyrics with literature and art; Or escape into an empty door of Buddhism and seek spiritual liberation. Due to the above reasons, the culture and art of the Yuan Dynasty flourished and made brilliant achievements. (3) The status of intellectuals in the Yuan Dynasty was very low, only higher than that of beggars, and they were pushed to the bottom of society, so that they had the opportunity to get in touch with the lower classes, understand their lives and feelings, and appreciate their pains and voices. The harsh political oppression and dark social reality inspired their creative enthusiasm to express their dissatisfaction; The life of the lower class provides rich and vivid life materials for their artistic creation. At the same time, in order to find a way out of life, they are unwilling to bury their talents, so many people joined the creative team of folk art, that is, Yuan Zaju. Their participation combines elegant classical literature with folk art; Their high cultural accomplishment and extensive knowledge have improved the literary and artistic level of Yuan Zaju. With the participation of literati, the zaju art, which was originally engaged by actresses and geisha, gradually evolved into a mature and perfect art form. The appearance of Yuan Zaju is a significant development in the history of China's culture and art, and it has become an artistic wonder in the history of China literature, which is as famous as Tang poetry and Song poetry. The name of "Zaju" first appeared in the Tang Dynasty, referring to acrobatics such as hundred operas and joining the army at that time. On the basis of joining the army in the Tang Dynasty, the drama of the Song Dynasty has further developed, and there have been plays reflecting characters and stories, but they are mainly funny and ridiculous. Song Zaju, some of which are based on science and white, some are based on singing and dancing, and they are performed in the form of endorsements, which has already possessed the necessary factors of opera. Jinyuan Opera is the inheritance of Song Zaju, and its stories and tunes are richer than those of Song Zaju.
(7) (1) In content, from the reflection on the betrayal of scholars, it turned to praise the loyalty of scholars to love, as well as family ethics and brotherhood. (2) In artistic expression, a, unnecessary interruptions are obviously reduced; B, the lyrics changed from vulgar to poetic. (3) The characters are more and more vivid and full.
(24) as a manifestation of romantic literary thoughts. Mu presents a gorgeous romantic color in art, which is not only the inevitable requirement of the idealized theme of the work, but also the expression of the lyrical poet temperament of writer Tang Xianzu himself. 1 The theme of sketching an ideal world of "there must be irrationality" and "there must be affection" for the work determines that it must make thoughtful artistic ideas with artistic techniques full of ideals, and the plot is full of fantastic colors such as "dreaming", "ghost stabbing", "wandering souls" and "rebirth". The lyrical poet-like temperament of the author also adds a lot of color to the romantic artistic characteristics of this play. The whole play is full of lyrical colors and poetic artistic conception. He reveals the inner feelings of the characters in the form of lyric poems. Many lyrics in the play are integrated with lyricism, scenery description and characterization, which are brilliant and beautiful, reaching the realm of vividness.
(9) The Palace of Eternal Life is a great love tragedy. After describing Kaiyuan, Emperor Tang Ming indulged in debauchery and appointed the regime as a traitor to govern Japan. Yang Guifei was jealous, and Yang took bribes, which alarmed the powerful minister An Lushan. Call soldiers rebellious. Geshuhan failed in defending Tongguan, and the soldiers were defeated and the thieves surrendered. Ming Chengzu had no choice but to flee to the ant tree. The accompanying soldiers killed Yang, and Chen Yuanli forced the soldiers to coax him. The imperial concubine Buddhist temple hanged himself, and the crumbling Datang Jiangshan got an opportunity here. It is written by the author through the story of Tang and Yang Guifei's sincere love in folklore and according to the bad political influence of their love in history and reality. Then pick up Bai Juyi's Song of Eternal Sorrow; Yu Fei, a novel in the Tang Dynasty, returned to Penglai. Stories such as Yuan Zaju, etc. , wrote the memory of Yang Guifei in Tang Dynasty, and the fact that they were immortals, lived in exile, and finally returned to the Heavenly Palace to be United for the couple forever.
(12) First of all, take the love and hate of the main characters as the basic point of the plot. The author skillfully regards the love, joys and sorrows with Li as the basic point of the whole plot, with fine needles and dense lines, interlocking. The whole plot festival is ups and downs, but it can be mixed in structure. Being able to organize the plot so completely and rigorously in the complicated historical events and complicated clues shows the author's superb artistic control ability. Secondly, typical props are the main thread running through the whole play. The author takes the poem "Fan" given by Hou Li as the main line, which runs through the whole play. At the same time, it is a beacon for the development of the plot. Putting Peach Blossom Fan in an eye-catching special position in the structure of traditional Chinese opera and taking it as the title of the script can show the author's unique artistic ingenuity in products.
(13) Li is a female image with unique connotation in Peach Blossom Fan. She unifies the pursuit of love with political knowledge, showing the important changes in ancient women's thoughts and ideological realm. This unique image reflects the progressive view of women in Qing Dynasty. The article also analyzes the reasons for the progress of women's view in Qing Dynasty. The exquisite structural art of Peach Blossom Fan has three aspects: 1 based on the love tragedy of the main characters, 2 based on typical props, the author based on the poem fan given to Li, and 3 based on the intermediary characters as the link between good and evil.
[1 1] The most striking feature of the art of Journey to the West is his humorous brushwork based on fantasy, which determines that the basic brushwork of the novel is the ingenious use and harmonious integration of funny and playful brushwork. 1 Fantasy and changeable mythical world, 2 characters with animality, divinity and humanity, 3 harmonious satirical art, 4 ingenious and tortuous artistic structure, 5 relaxed and humorous language style.
Answer: You may not be an old student magician.