This book was written in the first year of Song Li Zong Baoqing (1225) and is divided into two volumes. It records the native products of Japanese in the East, Somali in East Africa, Moroccan in North Africa and eastern Mediterranean countries in the West, as well as the route mileage and sailing time from the coast of China to overseas countries.
Basic Introduction Title: Zhu Fanshi Author: Zhao Publication Time: 1225 (Completion Time) Type: Overseas Geography Volumes: Volume I and Volume II Related Books: Introduction of Zhu Fanshi and other authors, collation, before and after compilation, content, publication, translation, local chronicles volume number, writing, author introduction Author Zhao (/kloc-0 In 23655, from the end of Jiading, Song Ningzong (1208 ~ 1224) to the beginning of Baoqing, Song Lizong (1225 ~ 1227), when he first took the post of Quanzhou Shipping Company, he "read all kinds of exotic maps in his spare time" and "inquired about Jia Hu to make a list. Before and after compiling a book, it was compiled into a book. This book was written in the first year of Song Li Zong Baoqing (1225) and is divided into two volumes. It records the native products of Japanese in the East, Somali in East Africa, Moroccan in North Africa and eastern Mediterranean countries in the West, as well as the route mileage and sailing time from the coast of China to overseas countries. It is remembered that "the king and the officials and the people are all things. "Ma Xia has no Buddhist name. On the seventh day, I cut my hair and nails, and fasted and chanted in January of the first year. Five times a day ","after Tang Yonghui, he came to pay tribute repeatedly. Before the king basin was changed, it was called free food. After grandma pulled it out, it was called black grain. " On the situation of Muslim businessmen coming to China, he said, "At one time, businessmen said they were greedy. Living abroad in Chunnan, money is light and charity is good. They have western customs and habits and are buried in the southeast corner of the city to cover up Hu Jia's remains. " The book is rich in content, in which the customs of overseas countries are mostly collected from the thoughtful and expensive "A Generation Beyond the Ridge", and some materials are obtained from the investigation of overseas businessmen. Although there are some mistakes, it is still an important document to study the maritime traffic and foreign relations in Song Dynasty. It is of certain value to study the history of Chinese Islam, the history of Hui nationality and the history of the relationship between China and the Arab region. The book was originally lost, and this edition was compiled by Yongle Dadian. It has been translated into English and German. 1956, Zhonghua Book Company published Feng's Collation of Brahma Records. The contents of Zhufanzhi were written in the first year of Baoqing, Song Lizong (1225), which was divided into two volumes. The first book records the customs of overseas countries, and the second book records the product resources of overseas countries. In order to study the important documents of overseas transportation in Song Dynasty. It records the native products from Japan in the east to Somalia in East Africa, Morocco in North Africa and countries on the east coast of the Mediterranean, and records the mileage and the required sun and moon from the coast of China to overseas countries, with rich and specific contents. In this book, most of the customs of overseas countries are recorded in Zhou Qufei's "A Generation Beyond the Ridge", while the product resources of various countries are mostly interviewed by foreign businessmen. Although there are inevitably mistakes, it is still a masterpiece describing ancient Chinese and foreign traffic in terms of historical value, and is often quoted by later historians. The original book of this journal has been lost for a long time, and this book is the rhyme of "Fan" in Volume 4262 of Yongle Dadian. The old editions include the original edition of Letter to the Sea and Learning Tianjin. Feng, a close friend, wrote Notes on the Records of Various Brahms and made a detailed textual research on the book. At the beginning of the 20th century, Zhufanzhi was translated into foreign languages. Translation 1. There is an English version of Zhu Fanzhi translated by German sinologist Friedrich Hirth and American sinologist William W. Rockhill at 19 1 1. 2. The French sinologist Ferran once translated the full text of Zhu Fanzhi's "Three Buddhas and Seven Kingdoms" into French in the book "An Examination of Ancient Sumatra". On the volume, Zhiguo describes Zhancheng, Zhenla, Tong Binlong, Deng Liumei, Bagan, Sanfoqi, Danmaling, Lingyin Temple, Foluoguo, Xintuo, Jianbi, Lanwuli, Xilan, Sujidan, Nanpi and Jiulin. Hu Chalaguo, * * *, Zhu, Peng Guo, Nannihualuoguo, Da, Da, Ma, Bipa, Tiebaguo, Lizhongguo, Wengmanguo, Baidaguo, Jizini Fruit, Husili Fruit, Magnolia Peel Fruit, and Zhugentuo Fruit. Among them, Scarino's chapter describes the geography of Sicily and the active volcanoes on the island. This is the earliest classical book in China that describes Sicily and Mount Etna. The first volume describes brain, frankincense, myrrh, blood stasis, gold, Dalbergia odorifera, storax oil, benzoin, Castanopsis eyrei, rose water, agarwood, seasonal incense, yellow ripe incense, raw incense, sandalwood, clove, nutmeg, Dalbergia odorifera, musk wood, paramita, betel nut and so on. Zhao of the Song Dynasty wrote about your rear side. However, according to the genealogy of the Song Dynasty, he was called the great-grandson of Hu, the great-grandson of Ankang County, the soft-grandson of Dr. Yin Lu and the son of kindness. He was born in the Yuan family, far away from Taizong VIII. This book was written when he mentioned Fujian Road, which had already crossed the south in the Song Dynasty. All foreigners were only familiar with the market, so he was talking about the sea and the country. Quote from The History of Song Dynasty, Biography of Foreign Countries. Check its narrative events, the age is the same. The history of the Song Dynasty is detailed in deeds and slightly in customs and products, which is detailed in customs and products and slightly in deeds. Cover a historical biography and a magazine, each with its own limits, and don't generalize. Among the listed countries, the history of Tong Binlong is Tong Binlong, the history of Liu Dengmei is Liu Danmei, the history of Abolaba is Abolaba, and the history of Mayi is Mo Yi. There are no definite words in the target language. Dragon, dragon, three-tone company. Deng, Dan, Pu, Pu, Ma, Mo, double tone turn. Due to the seriousness of the appeal, there are similarities and differences in the text. There is no reason to check whether it is right or wrong, and it is still true today. In the Southern Song Dynasty, Lin 'an, a secluded place, was connected by sea lanes and close to the southeast. I'm aiming at the country of carrying Daqin Tianzhu, which seems to be across the western regions, so I don't have to meet people in person. However, in Yuan Gui of Bookstore, Zoroastrianism in Tang Dynasty is called Daqin Temple, and Haidong in Guangzhou recorded in history is its kind. According to another report, The Tale of the Buddha Country carried the land to Tianzhu, and the ship returned to gold. Knowing that both countries can turn to the sea, it is very comfortable for you to see its market in Fuzhou. But it is recorded in the book that all the information has been obtained. Its narrative should be detailed and have a core, which is appropriate. This is the foundation of historians. As an important work in the history of Sino-foreign relations, Zhufanzhi attracted the attention of western scholars at the end of19th century. Friedrich, a German sinologist (1845- 1927) first showed interest in this book. Friedrich Hirth came to China in 1870, lived in China for more than 20 years, and worked in Xiamen, Shanghai, Zhen and Chongqing Customs successively until 1897 when he resigned and returned to China. During my stay in China, I devoted myself to studying the history of Chinese and foreign traffic and the ancient history of China, and wrote many works, such as China and the Oriental Rome (translated by Zhu Jie, renamed Complete Works of Daqin, Commercial Press 1964), Ancient Maritime Traffic in China, Foreign Influence on China Art, etc. Because of his outstanding achievements, he was elected as the president of the North China Branch of the Royal Asian Literature Association in 1886- 1887. The Royal Society of Asian Languages was founded in 1823, with its headquarters in London, and later established branches all over Asia. China Branch (located in Shanghai) was established in 1858, and started to operate from 195 1. It is the oldest and most influential sinology research institution in modern China, and it has been there for most of its life. Another fact that can illustrate his academic influence is that in 190 1, Columbia University founded the first lecture on sinology, that is, Friedrich Hirth was hired as the first professor the following year. Friedrich Hirth worked in Columbia University for fifteen years, during which he published an influential Ancient History of China before the Late Zhou Dynasty, and participated in Hu Shi's doctoral thesis defense before 19 17 left the United States for home. Friedrich Hirth began to translate the Brahma Records around 1890, but for various reasons, the translation stopped after several paragraphs. American diplomat William Woodvillerockhill (1854-1914) became interested in bamboo rice after Friedrich Hirth. William W. Rockhill came to China in 1884 and worked in China for a long time, and served as the US ambassador to China from 1905 to 1909. During his stay in China, he first made an in-depth study of China's frontier geography, went to Tibet twice alone, and published "The Lama's Country" and "Travel Notes of Mongolia and Tibet", which greatly increased western readers' understanding of Mongolia and Tibet. After entering the 20th century, the research interest gradually turned to the relationship between China and foreign countries, and successively published works such as15th century to 1895 China-North Korea Communication and An Introduction to China's Imperial Court Diplomacy. 1900, he also translated Red Luke's Journey to the East from Latin into English. /kloc-In the 3rd century, Rubruk, a Frenchman, was sent to China by Louis IX, leaving a precious record of foreigners in China in the Middle Ages. /kloc-bamboo tube paper also appeared in the 0/3rd century. It was China people's understanding of foreign countries at that time, and its value can be imagined. It is natural for William W. Rockhill to translate it into English. 1904, when Friedrich Hirth heard that William W. Rockhill wanted to translate Zhu Fanzhi into English, he immediately got in touch with him, so two great sinologists started the translation work hand in hand. The Brahma is not a voluminous book, but it took six years to complete the translation. Why did it take so long? The main reason is that neither of them can devote themselves to the work. Xie De wants to teach, but William W. Rockhill, as the ambassador to China, has a lot of official business to deal with. After 1909, he was transferred to the US ambassador to Russia, and academic research could only be done in his spare time. From their correspondence, we can see that their cooperation mode is like this: Xie De first translated a first draft, then sent it to William W. Rockhill for revision and annotation, and finally William W. Rockhill wrote an introduction. It is difficult to translate this book, but writing notes and quotations requires more skill. In the introduction, William W. Rockhill reviewed the history of Sino-foreign relations from ancient times to12nd century, in which he not only quoted China's official historical materials, but also used a large number of documents from ancient Greece, Arabia and Europe in the Middle Ages. This solid literary effort is also reflected in the notes. William W. Rockhill compared China literature with German, French and English studies and invented each other when explaining the countries and articles in Zhufanzhi. In this work, Friedrich Hirth also gave active help. Before coming to China, Friedrich Hirth had received strict academic training in many famous universities in Germany, and comparative literature was the best academic research method for Germans. After such a high-level academic work is completed, publishing becomes a problem. William W. Rockhill and Friedrich Hirth hope that this book can be presented to readers, especially experts, in a bilingual way, because only in this way can people judge and test whether their translations and annotations are correct. However, at that time, no publishing house in the United States could print Chinese characters, so they had to find a way out elsewhere. As the ambassador to Russia, William W. Rockhill finally found the printing house of the Royal Academy of Sciences in St. Petersburg. This book was printed in September of 19 1 1. Shortly thereafter, William W. Rockhill left Russia and became the US ambassador to Turkey. In order to make western readers understand this book more clearly, some changes were made to the title when it was published. Its English name is Chauju-Kua: Hiswonchechenesean and AbradeeeentHewelfhandtthirteenthentries, and its title is Chu-fan-chi ("Zhao: his works on 12, 13 century China's trade with Arabia are called Fanzhi"). The two sinologists didn't expect much from the readers of such a highly professional book, thinking that it would only have some influence in the small circle of sinology research at most, but the result was far beyond their expectation. 19 12 12 The The New York Times Weekend Book Review Edition devoted nearly one page to introducing the contents of this book, which gave high praise to the two translators. When talking about William W. Rockhill, the article points out that "it is the first time in the history of the State Council that he was appointed as an ambassador abroad by virtue of his professional ability rather than his political background". There is obvious irony here, but it is limited to American politics. For William W. Rockhill, he fully meets the standards of the ancients, that is, learning is the best way to be an official, and learning is the best way to be an official. After the publication of this important book, which integrates translation and research, it quickly attracted the attention of academic circles in China. In A.D. 1930, Feng, a famous scholar in the history of Sino-foreign relations, absorbed a great deal of the book's achievements when collating ZhuFan Zhi. In his preface, he said: "German scholar Friderichs and American scholar W W W Lockhill compiled it as annotations in the Yuan Dynasty, and ... borrowed from the West, with rich annotations. Those who annotate translations, or record all their words, or extract their quotations, and occasionally create their own translations, but change or supplement the words in this book, do not annotate translations, because they are afraid of stealing beauty and making mistakes, and do not want others to take responsibility. Statistical translations account for 56%, and the rest use the research results of various scholars in the past 20 years and occasionally create their own quotations, but not much. The so-called "textual research achievements of various scholars in recent twenty years" mainly refers to pelliot, a French sinologist who studies the history and geography of the South China Sea. Give two examples to illustrate. The original record of Zhufanzhi describes a wild animal in Luo: "The name of the animal is like wax, it is as big as a camel, its color is yellow, its front foot is five feet high, its back foot is three feet low, its neck is up and its skin is one inch thick." The following comments are as follows: "In the translation, according to the Persian name zurnapa of giraffe, zarafa of Arabi, Kirin of Aden in the article written by Inga Shenglan, and Zulafa of Meka in the article written by Xing Cha Sheng Lan, the translation of the same wax is different. See page 127- 13 1 in Textual Research on the History and Geography of the South China Sea in the Western Regions. The oldest works are recorded in Volume 10 of the Natural History Continuation, which records that "camel cattle, like a leopard, have no peaks, with a neck nine feet long and a height of more than ten feet". This was discovered by pelliot. "This beast is what we usually call a giraffe today. In Zhufanzhi, a country with a "city of more than a thousand miles" was recorded. Feng wrote: "Translated note, this tea-covered sand is the city of Jia bursa, Jaberso and Jaborso, and it is the story of the western Arabians. There are pictures of tea-covered sand people on Sunday in the Three Tales. Pelliot said that tea is covered with sand, ancient Yunnan is recorded, and the island is recorded at the end of the volume. See Journal of Far East French School, vol. 9, p. 663. "pelliot was Feng's teacher when he was studying in France. Many of his important achievements in the study of "four generations under one roof" were translated into Chinese by Feng, and some of them were included in the fourth edition of Textual Research on the History and Geography of the Western Regions in the South China Sea. In addition to French, Feng is also familiar with English, Sanskrit, Mongolian, Tohoku and other languages, and is an authoritative expert on Chinese and foreign traffic history during the Republic of China. After liberation, his works were continuously reprinted, among which Zhu Fanzhi's Annotation was newly published by Zhonghua Book Company 1956. The history of Sino-foreign relations is a very difficult research field, which requires mastering Chinese and many foreign languages. Before and after, Chinese ancient scholars Li and others also annotated Zhufanzhi. However, due to the limited conditions, they can only make a fuss about China literature, and it is difficult to go deep into it. Since modern times, the participation of scholars from Germany, the United States, France and other countries has greatly demonstrated the corroborative role of foreign documents and made up for the shortcomings of China scholars. Feng's contribution is not to discover more new materials, but to use his extraordinary ability in Chinese and foreign languages to absorb and integrate the achievements of predecessors and keep pace with the times, so that the annotation of Zhufanzhi has reached an unprecedented level. It is in his hands that this transnational project has achieved a perfect ending. Gu's Record of the Day, Volume 19, Difficulties in Writing Books, said: "The books written by Song people, such as Zi by Sima Wengong, Zi by Ma Gui, and General Examination of Literature, have all been devoted to their lives, so they are indispensable books for future generations. And some of them are flawed, which is inevitable. Later generations' books leak faster and faster, and the less they spread. Therefore, it is too easy to treat them as books and eager to seek fame. "You're absolutely right. Judging from the current situation, some books simply need the cooperation of many countries and people. The earth is a village, and there are many things that need to be formed into mutual aid groups, so we can do them well together.