Abstract: Automated Manufacturing System (FMS) refers to a manufacturing system with a high degree of automation. At present, FMS usually refers to a manufacturing system that aims at advanced automation and high-level automation in batch cutting.
Keywords: manufacturing scale; Key technologies; development trends
With the increasing demand for product diversification, low manufacturing cost and short manufacturing cycle, FMS has developed rapidly, and due to the development of microelectronics technology, computer technology, communication technology, machinery and control equipment.
First, the scale of automated machinery manufacturing
FMS can be divided into the following four categories according to their size.
(a) automated manufacturing cell
FMC: It came out about 6 ~ 8 years later than FMS and was used in production. It is composed of 1 ~ 2 machining center, industrial robot, numerical control machine tool and material transportation and storage equipment, and has the flexibility to set up a variety of products to be processed. FMC can be regarded as the smallest FMS, which is the product of the development of FMS in the direction of cheapness and miniaturization. Its characteristics are automation and real-purpose single-machine automation, and it has entered the stage of popularization and application so far.
(2) Automated manufacturing system
It usually includes four or more fully automatic CNC machine tools, manual centers and turning centers. ), connected by centralized control system and material handling system, can realize multi-variety, small and medium-sized batch processing and management without stopping.
(3) Automated production line
It is a production line between a single or a few varieties, a large batch of non-automatic automatic production lines and a small and medium batch of multi-variety F: MS, and its processing equipment can be a general machining center, a numerical control machine tool, a special machine tool or a numerical control machine tool. The automation requirement of material handling system is lower than that of FMS, but the productivity is higher.
(4) Automated manufacturing plants
FMt is to connect multiple FMS, use an automated warehouse to communicate with a computer system, and use a complete FMS from ordering, design, processing, assembly, inspection, transportation to delivery. It includes CAD/CAM, and puts computer integrated manufacturing system (C 1MS) into practice, realizing the automation of production system, and then realizing the whole production management, product processing and material storage and transportation process of the whole plant. FMF has the highest level of automation production, which embodies the most advanced automation application technology in the world. It integrates manufacturing automation, product development and management, represented by intelligent manufacturing system IMS, and controls logistics with information flow. Its characteristic is to realize the automation of the factory.
Second, the key technology of automation
Computer aided design
In the future, the development of CAD technology will introduce expert system to make it intelligent and can deal with all kinds of complex problems. The latest breakthrough in current design technology is photosensitive stereo molding technology. This new technology directly uses CAD data, and divides the 3D digital model into several layers of 2D sheets by a computer-controlled laser scanning system. According to the 2D sheets, the liquid level of photosensitive resin in the tank is optically scanned, and the scanned liquid level will become solidified plastic. This circular operation will scan and shape layer by layer, and automatically bond the layered cured plastics together. You only need to confirm the data, and you can make an accurate prototype within a few hours. It helps to accelerate the development of new products and new structures.
(B) Fuzzy control technology
The practical application of fuzzy mathematics is fuzzy controller. Recently developed high-performance fuzzy controller has self-learning function, which can continuously acquire new information in the control process and automatically adjust the control quantity, thus greatly improving the system performance, especially the self-learning method based on artificial neural network has attracted great attention.
(3) Engineering intelligence, expert system and intelligent sensor technology.
Up to now, artificial intelligence used in FMS mostly refers to rule-based expert systems. Expert system uses expert knowledge and reasoning rules to reason and solve various problems (such as explanation, prediction, diagnosis, fault finding, design, planning, monitoring, repair, command and control, etc.). ). Because the expert system can simply combine all kinds of facts and proven theories with the knowledge gained through experience, the expert system enhances the automation of all aspects of FMS. Looking forward to the future, artificial intelligence (including expert system) technology characterized by knowledge-intensive and knowledge processing means will certainly play a key role in FMS (especially intelligence). Artificial intelligence will play an increasingly important role in the future FMS. At present, artificial intelligence is still the most promising technology in FMS. It is predicted that the application scale of artificial intelligence in FMS will be four times that of the current one by the beginning of 2 1 century. FIMT is an intelligent manufacturing technology, which aims to integrate artificial intelligence into all aspects of the manufacturing process, and replace or extend part of human mental work in the manufacturing environment with the help of the intelligent activities of simulation experts. In the manufacturing process, the system can automatically monitor its running state, and automatically adjust its parameters when it is stimulated by external or internal, so as to achieve the best working state, with self-organization ability.
(D) Artificial neural network technology
Artificial Neural Network (fANN) is a method to process information in parallel by simulating the neural network of intelligent organisms. Therefore, artificial neural network is also an artificial intelligence tool. In the field of automatic control, neural network will soon be juxtaposed with expert system and fuzzy control system and become an integral part of modern self-sustaining system. Third, the development trend of start-up control technology
(A) FMC will become a hot technology for development and application.
This is because FMC has much less investment and similar economic benefits than FMS, so it is more suitable for small and medium-sized enterprises with limited financial resources. At present, many foreign manufacturers have listed FMC as the development focus.
(2) Developing in the direction of multi-function.
The multifunctional flexible manufacturing system, which integrates welding, assembly, inspection, sheet metal processing, casting and forging, is the further development of the simple processing flexible manufacturing system. FMS is a novel conceptual model and a new development trend to realize the future factory, and it is also a strategic measure to determine the future development of manufacturing enterprises. The international development project of "Intelligent Manufacturing System" (frms) implemented in Japan from 199 1 belongs to the second-generation FMS: the second-generation FMS is constantly being perfected. Intelligent machinery is integrated with human beings, which automatically coordinates all production and business activities of enterprises from receiving orders to production and sales.
In the new century, FMS has developed rapidly and has almost become the focus of production automation. On the one hand, the development of single technology, such as CNC machining center, industrial robot, CAD/CAM, resource management and high technology, provides a technical basis for the integration of a whole system; On the other hand, great changes have taken place in the world market, from the traditional and relatively stable market in the past to a dynamic and changeable market. In order to survive and develop from the market and improve the adaptability of enterprises to market demand, people began to explore new production methods and business models.