1 how to mobilize people to participate in the creation of space environment
"People's participation"-refers to people's various behaviors, participation in events and activities, and direct or indirect contact with objects. According to the degree of participation, it can be divided into active participation, passive participation and bystander participation. In environmental design, the public should be induced to actively participate in "role participation" and "activity participation", so that "people can make the best use of it", thus giving play to the direct communication between subject and object.
In the creation of space environment, to arouse people's participation, we must first awaken the internal driving force. First, pay attention to the coupling of needs, make the activity relevant to everyone, and let more people participate in the activity from more aspects; Secondly, we should also pay attention to the freedom of multiple choices and the multi-level choice of people. Otherwise, if the songs are too high and too few, most people will be rejected. For example, if you want to create a sketch of participating in a sculpture park, you can design it in the following ways.
Example: Path design between two pieces of water.
Set up a fountain sculpture that can spit water beside the path that people pass by. Using high-tech means, when people can't get through, it looks like an ordinary "still sculpture". Someone passed by, and the sculpture suddenly spit out a mouthful of water, and it was shot from this water surface to that water surface, which gave people a feeling of surprise.
Media is a bridge between subject and object.
"Subject" takes social life as the basic source and consciously orients things. Object and subject support each other. When people specifically design the environment, they add media between tangible objects and subjects. "Media" plays the role of a link, a bridge and a matchmaker between subject and object, and plays a psychological reaction such as focusing, strengthening, diluting, dispersing, interfering, organizing, weakening, returning and hallucinating. In people's reaction, through expression, suggestion, comparison, metaphor and other ways.
The media-that is, the intermediary can do all kinds of articles. For example, in order to make the object stand out, the intermediary can create both positive and negative effects. Such as time, season, meaning, physical sound, light, air, taste, climate and so on. For example, "light" has the functions of magnifying, narrowing, guiding, strengthening, distracting and covering up objects. Colorful neon lights flashing on the street at night can easily attract people's attention; Bright signs in shops, advertisements, and solid lampposts in entertainment halls or squares have all played a strengthening role. "Sound" also has the functions of induction, suggestion, orientation, time telling and control. For example, the sound of rain, cicadas in summer, temple bells, bird songs, valley echoes, voice-activated fountains and so on. All these inject natural and cultural information into people's spatial feelings and endow the environment with vitality and spirituality. For example, the atrium of a hotel often has the sound of running water, which can set off a unique atmosphere on the one hand and reduce the indoor noise on the other. "Symbol" is also an important intermediary that affects the subject's understanding of the object. Take private gardens in China as an example. These gardens often use celebrities' words to interpret space. Clearly expressed poems can strengthen people's understanding of scenic spots, and at the same time, every reader of poems will join the author's subjective understanding and feelings, which will interfere with people's independent understanding of scenic spots. The swaying willows and falling leaves become dynamic environmental elements, adding to the cheerful atmosphere and natural atmosphere of the festival.
How to make psychological adjustment in spatial combination and environmental texture
People's spatial perception includes shape, size, distance, distance, orientation, direction, perception, information reception of physiological organs and physiological mechanism of the brain, and often relies on several reference objects of the environment to obtain qualitative and quantitative understanding. The openness, closure, movement, quietness, preciseness, elegance, openness and tranquility embodied in space have an infectious and stimulating effect on people, that is, the objective subject. People's psychological space-time is long, biased, closed, depressed, barren, contemptuous, inspired and other psychological forms, which can be adjusted by optical illusion in environmental design. For example, increasing the sense of distance at different levels, using various contrast techniques, mirror reflection, mutual borrowing, internal and external infiltration, blurring the boundary, changing the perspective relationship, extending an element, and blurring visibility.
Degree, advance and retreat of color sense, deep twists and turns, with lines and paintings caused by optical illusion, intermittent formation of artistic conception of form and meaning.
In environmental design and spatial combination, physical space is bounded, and bounded visual space can be created according to entrance space and perceptual characteristics.
1) wants to extend the space. By adding stories, we can divide the different spatial levels of distant view, close view and middle view, break the physical boundary and extend the psychological space (see figure 1).
2) I want to expand my sense of space and reduce my sense of oppression. In the subject's eyes, the physical space is limited, while the visual space and psychological space are infinite, the form is broken and the meaning is connected. The arrangement of a row of stone statues enhances the perspective effect, resulting in the expansion and far-reaching space (see Figure 2).
3) Want to enhance the sense of mobility and space retention. Fig. 3 is an arc wall that guides people to flow in a certain direction according to the characteristics of people flow. Fig. 4 is a flexible division of space to imply the existence of another space. Enhance the sense of mobility, use the above four architectural means to guide and hint the flow of people, so that people can inadvertently move from one space to another along a certain direction or route until the flow of people is guided to the predetermined goal.
4) Want to create suspense and expectation. The use of curved shapes, either curved or straight, half-covered and half-covered, makes people have curious psychological reactions, thus making further behaviors.
4 the regularity of human activities and behaviors in space.
People's activities in space have certain regularity. This regularity plays a very important role for architects, and designers can achieve due results in the creation of spatial sequences according to these regularity. Generally speaking, there are the following rules to follow in human activities:
1) People gather in crowded places to form activity centers;
2) People's interest groups and class culture reflect party aggregation;
3) All activities start from the border and then expand to the center;
4) Daily behavior is a reciprocating movement from the origin to the workplace;
5) People's social activities are distributed in an interwoven network;
6) Public activities show certain suddenness and uncertainty.
5 conclusion
Environment-behavior research involves users' perception and experience, and inevitably involves the influence of users' perception characteristics, experience hobbies and social and cultural characteristics on aesthetics. This kind of user-oriented architectural aesthetics research is an important supplement to traditional architectural aesthetics.
In short, the study of environment-behavior in architectural design focuses on the application of architecture, expands and deepens the functional requirements in traditional architectural design principles, and extends to technical and aesthetic requirements. Environmental behavior research runs through the whole architectural design process, which injects new blood into the traditional architectural design principles.