I. Argumentative essay
Second, narrative.
Third, novels.
Fourth, the explanatory text
Verb (abbreviation of verb) prose
Part I: Argumentative essay.
Three elements of argumentative writing: argument, argument and argument (clear argument, conclusive argument and rigorous argument)
First, the characteristics of the argument: ① correct ② distinct.
Methods of inductive argumentation:
1, title
2. At the beginning of the article
Step 3: the ending
4. In the middle:
(1) Infer arguments by summarizing their similarities.
(2) Summative words reflect the central argument of the sentence (for example, you can see that I think; Anyway ...)
(3) First find out the theme of the article, then find out the repeated similar judgment words in the article according to the theme, merge similar items, and finally make a summary.
Note: The sentence of inductive argument must be a complete and clear sentence of affirmative judgment.
Second, argument
Factual arguments (such as real events, historical facts, statistics, specific figures, etc.). )
Theoretical arguments: (including recognized principles, formulas, definitions, rules, laws, famous sayings and aphorisms, etc.). ).)
Summarize the main points of the argument: ×× people+how to do it (closely related to the argument)+results.
Note: Some quotations may not be famous sayings, but concrete facts and factual arguments.
III. Model Law and Its Role
Examples argument (case argument), quotation argument (truth argument), metaphor argument, contrast argument (positive and negative contrast argument).
1, example method (putting facts): a specific and typical argument that has been fully proved.
2. Quote (reasoning): What is quoted to demonstrate an argument and make it convincing.
3. Metaphor (reasoning): Illustrate an argument in an image to make reasoning easier to understand.
4. Contrast method (reasoning): through comparison, highlight an argument and make reasoning more vivid.
Fourth, analyze the expression of argumentative essays.
1. The narrative in an argumentative paper is often very general, and its function is to prove a viewpoint or proposition with facts.
2. There are sometimes vivid descriptions in argumentative essays. Function: Prove a point more vividly.
3. Lyricism in the discussion will make the discussion more infectious and deeply rooted in people's hearts.
5. Linguistic features of argumentative writing: preciseness and accuracy.
Sixth, the way of argumentation: argumentation and refutation.
Seven. Argumentation structure: raising questions (introduction)-analyzing questions (papers)-solving problems (conclusions).
The second part of the narrative
First, common narrative clues
1. Character clue: information, feelings or deeds of a character.
2. Item clues: items with special significance.
3. Emotional clues: the ideological and emotional changes of the author or the main characters in the works.
4. Event clue: Central Event 5. Time clue 6. Position change clue
Looking for clues: ① article title; (2) things that appear repeatedly in each paragraph; ③ Lyric sentences in the article.
(4) the author's thoughts and feelings (changes) (5) the experience and feelings of a certain character.
Function: the orderly combination of the content of the article, the ideological character of the characters, and the ins and outs of the matter. It is the main thread running through the whole paper.
Second, the narrative order.
1. Time sequence: it is written in the order of occurrence, development and end (time sequence).
Function: Make the article clear, with a beginning and an end, and give people a vivid impression.
2. Flashback: Write what happened later in front, and then describe it in order.
Function: avoid straightforward narration, enhance the vividness and fascination of the article.
3. Interpolation: In the narrative process, due to the need of content, interrupt the narrative of the original plot, insert relevant plots or events, and then continue the original narrative. (such as recalling the past)
Function: to supplement and set off the central content (characters or events) of the article, enrich the plot and deepen the theme.
Third, the description method of characters
1. Portrait (appearance) description [including expression description] (description of appearance, clothes, expression, posture, etc. ): explain the identity, status, situation, experience, psychological state and ideological character of the character.
2. Language (dialogue) description 3. Action (action) description: the image vividly shows the xx psychology (emotion) of the character, and embodies the xx personality characteristics or xx spiritual quality of the character. Sometimes it also promotes the development of the plot.
4. Psychological description: The image vividly reflects the xx thoughts of the characters and reveals the xx character or quality of the characters ... >>
Question 2: What is the difference between the theme and genre of the article? Subject matter: the material that constitutes a literary work, that is, the life events or life phenomena described in the work. For example, the theme of Wang Jian's Rain in the Mountain Village is to describe the working life of farmers in the mountain village after the rain.
Genre: the expression of literary works. It can be classified according to various standards, such as poetry and prose, if there is rhyme or not; According to the structure, it can be divided into poetry, novel, prose, drama and so on. For example, the genre of Wang Jian's Rain in the Mountain Village is poetry, which is a seven-character quatrain in Tang poetry.
Question 3: What are the forms of expression of the genre of the article, and what are the genres of the article and literature? Among them, the genre of the article is: narrative, explanatory, argumentative, practical and speech. Literary genre: poetry, novel, drama, prose.
As far as the writing method of the article is concerned, there are five main ways of expression: narration, explanation, discussion, description and lyricism.
narrate
Narration is the most basic and common expression in writing. It is the author's narration and account of characters experience and events, as well as the transformation of scene and space. It is widely used in writing articles, mainly to express the experiences of characters and the development and changes of things. It is the most basic, common and main expression in writing. For details, please refer to the narrative of the entries.
describe
Description is the expression that describes the appearance and modality of the object (including psychological description, language description, action description, expression description, appearance description, detail description, environment description, scene description, etc.). ) and reproduce it to the reader. Describe the specific features such as the shape, action or state of the scene in vivid language. Generally divided into character description or scenery description. It is one of the main forms of narration, especially literary creation. It is sometimes used as an auxiliary means in general lyricism, discussion and elaboration. If the description is used well, it can be vivid and vivid, so that readers can see this person, hear his voice, feel at home, and get a strong artistic infection from it.
Express/convey one's feelings
Lyric is to express and express the author's feelings. Specifically, it refers to a literary activity that is organized in formal words and symbolically expresses one's inner feelings. It is subjective, personalized and poetic, as opposed to narrative. As a special way of literary reflection, lyric mainly reflects the spiritual level of social life, and realizes spiritual freedom through the aesthetic transformation of reality in consciousness. Lyricism is the dialectical unity of individuality and sociality, as well as emotional release, emotional construction and aesthetic creation. It is the main expression in lyric style, and it is often used as an important auxiliary expression in general literary works and narratives.
discuss
Discussion refers to the author's comments on a discussion object to show his views and attitudes. It is usually subjective to express your views on people or things by telling facts and reasoning. Its function is to make the article clear and profound, with strong philosophical and theoretical depth. In argumentative writing, it is the main expression; It is often used as an auxiliary means of expression in general narrative, expository or literary works.
explain
Description is an expression that clearly explains the shape, nature, characteristics, causes, relationships and functions of things in concise words. Some explained objects are physical things, such as mountains, rivers, plants, stationery, buildings, utensils and so on. Some are abstract truths, such as thoughts, consciousness, self-cultivation, viewpoints, concepts, principles, technologies, etc.
Question 4: What are the genres and styles of the article? Article genre: narrative, explanatory and argumentative. Literary genre: poetry, novel, drama, prose.
Question 5: What is the difference between theme and genre? There are broad and narrow themes. "Theme" in a broad sense refers to the reflection of certain fields of social life and certain aspects of social phenomena in literary and artistic works. "Subject matter" in a narrow sense. It refers to a set of life phenomena that constitute the content of a "narrative" literary work, which is generally composed of three elements: characters, environment and plot. Genre; Refers to the types and styles of all works of art, and its artistic structure has a certain stable form in history, which is developed with the diversity of art reflecting reality and the aesthetic tasks put forward by artists in works. In China ancient literature, genre refers to the style and rhetoric of poetry. Simply put; Theme is the content of the field, and genre is the form of expression.
Question 6: What are the characteristics of various article genres? Stylistic knowledge includes narrative, argumentative, explanatory and practical writing. (1) Narrative is a style with narrative and description as its main forms and characters, narrative, scenery and objects as its main contents. 1, the classification of narrative (1) is divided into content and expression: ① simple narrative ② complex narrative (2) differences of writing objects: ① narrative mainly written by writers; ② narrative mainly written by scenery; ④ narrative mainly written by objects; (2) descriptive articles mainly expressed by descriptions, which are used as an introduction. 1, the classification of expository writing can be divided into description object (content), description of substantive things, explanation of events, explanation of scientific essays, language expression, characteristics of expository writing (1), highly scientific content (2), clarity of structure (3), strict accuracy of language (3) and practicality of writing. 1, application type (1) letter, general letter, special letter (thank you letter, commendation letter, condolence letter, introduction letter, * * *, certification letter, application, proposal, proposal, invitation letter), telegram, remittance (2) notebook, reading notes (3) meeting minutes. Greetings (congratulatory letters, telegrams), condolences (7) deeds (receipts, IOUs, receipts (1), argumentative essays are classified according to content and purpose: ① General political essays ② Comments ③ Essays (essays, essays, notes) ④ Post-reading feelings are classified according to the way of argumentative essays: ① Establishment of essays ② Criticism of essays II. Literary genre (also known as literary genre) refers to four major literary genres: poetry, prose, drama and novel. (1) Poetry is the earliest literary style in human society. (2) Prose refers to a literary genre (1) juxtaposed with poetry, drama and novel. Types of Prose ① Narrative prose: prose mainly about remembering people and narrating (mainly about narration and lyricism) ② Lyric prose: prose mainly about expressing the author's feelings ③ Argumentative prose: prose mainly about reasoning. (4) other genres (1) fairy tales: a genre of children's literature (2) fables: stories with admonition or irony (3) fairy tales (4) folk stories (5) legends (6) memoirs (5) dramas.