Illustration is to list conclusive, sufficient and representative facts, which can enhance the power and persuasiveness of discussion.

Citation argument is a kind of "reasoning argument", also called "quotation", that is, citing famous sayings or opinions as arguments, citing classics to analyze problems and explain reasons.

2. Identification method

From the concept, for example, as follows:

Use examples to illustrate.

Illustrative argument refers to the method of proving the argument with typical examples.

For example, the article "Whistle" lists six whistle phenomena observed by the author from social life, such as "hunting for Rong Lu's favor", "indulging in fame", "accumulating wealth", "enjoying pleasure", "vanity" and "greedy for money", which proves that the human suffering suffered by many people is largely caused by their wrong evaluation of the value of things.

(2) Reasoning

Using the method of reasoning, this paper proves the viewpoint with the incisive opinions in classic works, famous sayings from ancient and modern Chinese and foreign celebrities and recognized scientific principles, theorems and formulas.

For example, the tenth paragraph of Talking about Reading (Book 9 of People's Education Edition) lists the functions of six kinds of scientific knowledge: "Reading history makes people wise, reading poetry makes people wise, calculus makes people precise, philosophy makes people think deeply, ethics makes people think, and logical rhetoric makes people articulate", and it is concluded that "knowledge can shape people's character".

The list is informative and the conclusion is convincing. Because the materials cited in the argument are all scientific conclusions confirmed by objective reality, or people's recognized truth, theoretical authority and profound thoughts, they are irrefutable and persuasive.

(3) Citation argument

There are two ways to quote: one is to explicitly quote and explain who said the quoted words or their sources, and the other is to implicitly quote, that is, not to explain who said the quoted words or their sources. The reference method is changeable and flexible.

Many celebrities also like to use citation arguments to consolidate their views when writing articles:

For example, Su Xun's "Six Kingdoms" "The ancients said:' Serving Qin with the land is still like carrying firewood to put out the fire, and the fire will not go out without endless wages. "Modern China people mean, the ancients said, land to the state of Qin peace, like holding firewood to put out the fire, endless.

Examples of extended materials: list conclusive, sufficient and representative examples to prove the argument. By enumerating typical examples, the central argument is proved concretely and forcefully, and the persuasiveness is enhanced. Illustrative argument refers to the method of proving the argument with typical examples.

Reasoning is to prove the argument with the incisive opinions in classic works, famous sayings and aphorisms of famous people at home and abroad, and recognized theorem formulas.

The cited arguments are related to the specific cited materials, including quoting famous sayings, aphorisms, authoritative data, anecdotes of celebrities, jokes, etc., and their functions should be analyzed in detail. For example, quoting famous sayings, aphorisms and authoritative data can enhance the persuasiveness and authority of the argument; Citing celebrity anecdotes and anecdotes can enhance the interest of the argument and attract readers.