Lv Buwei, born in an unknown year, was a patriot at the end of the Warring States Period. Works "Lu Chunqiu Inspection"
He died in the twelfth year of Qin Shihuang (235 BC). He used to be a big businessman in Yangzhai (now Yuxian County, Henan Province). In the process of doing business, he met Zi Chu, the son of Qin who was exiled to Zhao. At that time, the situation in Zhao was difficult. Lv Buwei sympathized with him and thought that Zi Chu was a "rare commodity", so he used money to help Zi Chu get the qualification to inherit the throne. In 253 BC, Zi Chu succeeded to the throne as King Zhuang Xiang. King Zhuang Xiang named Lv Buwei as Prime Minister and Wen Xin Hou. After the death of King Zhuang Xiang, his son was made Qin Shihuang. Qin Shihuang made Lv Buwei Prime Minister. Known as Guanzhong. During Qin's reign, he sent troops to destroy the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, seized the land of Korea, Zhao and Wei, and established Sanchuan and Taiyuan East County, which made positive contributions to the unification of China. After Qin Shihuang personally took charge of government affairs, he was dismissed from office and moved to Shu, and died for fear of drinking zhenniao. During the visit to Lv Buwei, there were 3000 diners and 10000 children. He told people to "write and listen" and write books to find a theoretical basis for establishing a unified feudal centralization of authority. These books were finally compiled into Lv Chunqiu.
Lu Chunqiu is divided into twelve chapters, eight readings and six theories, 26 volumes, 160 articles, with more than 200,000 words. The content is complex, including Confucianism, Taoism, Mohism, France, military, agriculture, Zongheng, Yin and Yang, and so on. Therefore, Hanshu Yiwenzhi lists it as a miscellaneous family. Although the content is mixed, it is not without system in organization, theory in preparation and system in content. As the book "Users" said: "There is no white fox in the world, only white hair, which is taken from the public." Obviously, the purpose of Lu Chunqiu's compilation is to gather the essence of each school and form the thought of one school, that is, to integrate the theories of each school with Taoist thought as the center. According to Lv Buwei, this book treats all viewpoints from an objective perspective, and treats all families equally. Because "private vision makes the eyes blind, private hearing makes the ears deaf, and private consideration makes the heart crazy." If all three are private and have no essence, then there is no reason for wisdom. If wisdom is unfair, blessings will decline and disasters will increase. "("preface to Lu Chunqiu ")
The twelve issues of Lu Chunqiu are the gist and important part of the book, which are divided into spring, summer, autumn and winter. 5 articles per issue, ***60 articles. This book is edited on the basis of "Buddhist Heaven and Earth", and the twelfth issue is a day symbolizing "great happiness", so this part takes the December order as a clue to combine materials. Ji Chun mainly discusses the way of keeping in good health, The Last Month Of Summer discusses teaching principles and music theory, Qiu Ji mainly discusses military issues, and Donjui mainly discusses people's quality. Eight pages, now 63 pages, obviously take off a page. From the beginning of the world, the content has been talking about the way to be a man, the way to govern the country, how to distinguish things, how to use the people, and how to be a king. Six theories, ***36 articles, essays.
At the end of the Warring States Period, there was a big businessman named Lv Buwei in the State of Qin. When he was doing business in Zhao, he helped King Zhuang of Qin (who was a proton guarantor in Zhao at that time) betrothed his concubine to his wife. After Zi Chu acceded to the throne, he was named Wen Xin Hou and lived in the Prime Minister's Office. King Zhuang Xiang died of illness after only three years in office. His 13-year-old son Zheng (born to Zhao Ji) succeeded to the throne, the famous Qin Shihuang in history, who was honored as Guanzhong, and all administrative power was in his hands. It was very popular at that time to train scholars. The famous Four Childes of the Warring States have thousands of followers, and Lv Buwei also has three thousand followers. As his think tank, he came up with various ways to consolidate his regime. These men and women have everything, and everyone has their own views and experiences; Write all this down. Together, it became a masterpiece of more than 200,000 words and was nominated as Lv Chunqiu. Lv Buwei thinks this book is a classic of Qin's unification of the world. At that time, Lu announced a book in Xianyang, Qin Dou, saying that anyone who could add or subtract a word in the book would be rewarded with 1000 yuan (a catty of gold). For this record, see Historical Records: Biography of Lv Buwei. Later people derived the idiom "in a word" from this story to describe the high value of an article, or to praise the excellent rhetoric and rare words used in an article. For example, we read a famous scholar's new work, and he proposed a new teaching method, which can not only improve students' academic level and quality, but also increase teachers' own further study accordingly. For such a valuable article, it can be said that "a word is gold". In modern society, everything has become a commodity, and articles are not included, so we say that the high price of an article by a writer is equivalent to "a word is gold". However, we usually use it to describe the value or rhetorical beauty of an article.