Girls talk about menstruation
CCTV International February 23, 2005 15:37
1, Professor Xu Ling, doctoral supervisor of obstetrics and gynecology in Peking Union Medical College Hospital, has been engaged in obstetrics and gynecology for more than 30 years, mainly devoted to the clinical, scientific research and teaching work of female reproductive endocrinology, published dozens of papers and compiled more than 10 monographs, won 3 scientific and technological achievement awards from the Ministry of Health, and was rated as a young and middle-aged expert with outstanding contributions.
2. Associate Professor Yang Jiaxin graduated from Peking Union Medical College Hospital of Peking Union Medical College University. Specializing in the protection of reproductive function of gynecological tumor patients and adolescent gynecology. In 200 1 year, she opened an adolescent gynecology clinic for the first time and published dozens of papers and monographs.
Moderator: Hello, audience friends! This is CCTV's live program "The Road to Health". Today we are going to talk about menstrual problems.
Narrator: After experiencing menarche, the little girls entered adolescence, and they changed from little girls to girls. This change makes them both excited and nervous. This change has made girls have a lot of whispers, and this change has also brought them a lot of troubles.
Girl: Everything is untidy. I don't want this (menstruation).
Girl: I get irritable easily and I'm not in a particularly good mood. The feeling of fidgeting is quite uncomfortable.
Girl: It's quite normal. That's what girls do This is a normal physiological phenomenon.
Girl: It hurts to eat popsicles before menstruation. Uncomfortable, but also delay learning.
Girl: I wear very little in summer, and I'm always afraid of sticking clothes.
Girl: It's very troublesome to change sanitary napkins. The smell of blood is disgusting.
Narrator: "unlucky" has become a unique name for girls' menstruation. Most of them haven't adapted to this physical change just now, so how should they face this growing trouble?
Xu Ling: As a girl in the short film said, menstruation is indeed a "patent" given to girls by nature. For women, menstruation can be said to be a sign, a sign that women grow up, and it also provides conditions for becoming mothers in the future.
Yang Jiaxin: Since menstruation is a normal physiological phenomenon, there is no need to worry and panic. Normal mind is very important.
Moderator: What kind of mentality should we use to face this physiological phenomenon?
Xu Ling: Not all natural physiological phenomena are beautiful and comfortable. For example, everyone has the physiological phenomenon of defecation, but this is not a "beautiful" thing. Since menstruation is something that women must face, it is necessary to treat it well and face it positively.
Moderator: Let's see what doubts girls have about menstruation:
Girl: My period ends in two or three days, and my blood is very little. I don't know if it will have any effect on the body and what is the solution.
Girl: I feel that my stomach always hurts before and after menstruation, especially for a while, which is quite uncomfortable.
Girl: Some girls have no menstruation for three days, but I want six or seven days, sometimes the time is different.
Girl: If you don't come to menstruation for a long time, does it mean you are ill?
Moderator: How is menstruation formed?
Xu Ling: Many people know that women menstruate every month, but not everyone knows what menstruation is all about. As shown in the picture, menstrual blood comes from the female uterus, and the other picture shows a menstrual cycle. The endometrium is actually preparing for pregnancy, and it changes every month under the influence of hormones. If you are not pregnant, the endometrium will shrink, then it will be necrotic and fall off. Menstruation occurs after this layer of endometrium falls off. After the endometrium falls off, the blood vessels inside will be exposed and bleeding will occur. A few days later, a new intima grew out, covering the ruptured vascular wound, and the bleeding stopped.
Compere: Why does menstruation come once a month?
Yang Jiaxin: This should be related to the reaction of the whole human body. The female reproductive system ovulates once a month for about twenty or thirty days.
Moderator: Many young girls have irregular menstruation. Why is this phenomenon more common in adolescence?
Xu Ling: Adolescent girls have a process of growing up gradually. Although adolescent girls can menstruate, their whole body coordination is not particularly good, which is manifested as irregular menstruation.
Yang Jiaxin: This situation can be understood as a running-in period, because there was no such function before. Now with this reproductive function, any factor that affects the normal discharge of eggs can cause irregular menstruation.
Moderator: Let's look at some frequently asked questions: First, I am a girl of 14 years old. It's normal to see that girls of the same age are menstruating, but I haven't come yet. Do I have any questions?
Xu Ling: Generally speaking, the age of menarche for girls is 1 1- 13 years old, which is an average age. Generally speaking, menstruation is normal after 10, and irregular menstruation before 10 is called precocious puberty. If the maximum menstrual age should not exceed 18 years old,
Yang Jiaxin: At present, menarche is common in menstruation, which is mainly related to nutritional status. The nutritional status is better, and protein has more fat intake, which will also affect menstruation. Generally speaking, within the normal range of medicine, almost no children have menstruated before 10 years old. 14-year-old girls don't have holidays, so don't worry too much.
Moderator: The second question. I am a junior three student. The classmate said that she always came a few days early, and I always came five or six days later than last time. Is this normal?
Yang Jiaxin: This is a question about the menstrual cycle. The menstrual cycle is not as accurate as a clock, but it also has a normal range. Some girls may have a shorter cycle, generally not shorter than 20 days, while some girls may have a longer cycle, generally not longer than 35 days. Generally speaking, it is possible within this range, some people may advance and some people may delay, but the regularity is very important, and the menstrual regularity is more important.
Moderator: The third question. It is said that taking medicine can delay menstruation. I'd like to have a try in order not to be affected by menstruation in those two days of the college entrance examination, can I? Does taking medicine have an effect on the future?
Xu Ling: Every college entrance examination, many parents will ask us this question with their children. Theoretically, we can delay menstruation by taking medicine. Menstruation requires several hormones, including estrogen and progesterone. As long as these two hormones are adjusted, the menstrual time can be artificially changed. But in principle, we don't advocate artificially changing the menstrual cycle, because it will disrupt the endocrine regulation process, at least this month. If there are some special circumstances, such as severe dysmenorrhea, it is necessary to adjust the menstrual period, which can also be considered. Generally, the menstrual cycle is adjusted by adjusting estrogen and progesterone, which will have an impact this month and will recover after stopping the adjustment. If you want to make adjustments, you must make adjustments under the guidance of a doctor, and don't go to the pharmacy to buy medicine yourself.
Moderator: Question 4: Every time I have my period, it is three or four days, while some of my classmates come for seven or eight days. Why are we about the same age, but everyone has a different time?
Yang Jiaxin: How long menstrual bleeding lasts also varies from person to person. Generally, we think it is normal within 3-7 days. If it exceeds this range, you'd better go to the hospital for examination.
Moderator: The fifth question. As a freshman, I have a lot of menstruation, and sometimes some blood clots come down, which has become an annoyance for me. I don't know. Is that normal?
Xu Ling: Whether a girl's menstruation is regular is the most important, followed by the length of time, followed by the amount of bleeding during a menstrual period. There are also individual differences, generally not much difference. If the menstrual flow is particularly large, you should also go to the hospital. Listen, there may be blood problems and endocrine problems.
Moderator: The sixth question. Sometimes there will be nosebleeds during menstruation. Why? Is it related to menstruation?
Xu Ling: As mentioned earlier, the origin of menstrual bleeding has nothing to do with nosebleeds.
Moderator: The seventh question. I am a junior high school student. Every time I come to menstruation, my stomach hurts and my waist hurts. Is this a disease?
Yang Jiaxin: Dysmenorrhea is really a big problem for young girls. Most girls will experience dysmenorrhea, but the degree is different. If it hurts when you come to menstruation every month, it is medically called primary dysmenorrhea. 50% of the children who come to see a doctor have primary dysmenorrhea, and 50% of the children still can't find a clear reason. The solution is to take painkillers.
Moderator: The eighth question. My mood fluctuates greatly in the first half of my period. I always want to cry and lose my temper. I had a bad appetite during that time. How should I adjust?
Xú Zhēng; This is a common and complicated problem, which we call PMS. According to statistics, 90% of women may have this kind of performance to some extent, but the degree is different. The exact cause of the severity is not clear, and it may be hormonal imbalance or metabolic problems. Most of them should be normal, and serious ones should go to the hospital for examination.
Moderator: The ninth question. Can I use lotion to clean my period? How to keep clean?
Yang Jiaxin: The reproductive system itself has a certain self-purification function. Menstruation is an important part of the self-cleaning system, so we don't recommend deliberate cleaning during menstruation, but daily hygiene is very important and limited to cleaning vulva.
Moderator: The tenth question. Some people say that menstrual exercise can increase blood circulation and menstruation can flow down happily. Others say you can't exercise. Should I exercise?
Xu Ling: From the point of view of menstrual hygiene, we don't advocate strenuous exercise during menstruation, but general exercise is ok.
Moderator: Let's look at a reporter survey:
Narrator: Peking Union Medical College Hospital has an adolescent gynecology clinic. This clinic has been established for two years, and they have received many patients who come to see a doctor because of irregular menstruation.
W: I see my niece. She is less than 17 years old this year. This little girl is too fat. It seems to have matured in advance, and my menstruation is not allowed.
Narrator: Her niece had irregular menstruation three or four years ago. At first, her family didn't take it seriously, thinking that the irregularity of adolescence was normal, but with the growth of the girl's age, this situation did not improve, and parents began to worry about whether their children's future would be affected. Like this, there are many cases of irregular menstruation, some have menorrhagia, and some only have menstruation twice a year. Most of them didn't see a doctor in time, and some even went to see a doctor under very serious circumstances.
Doctor: Some patients arrived in time, and we also conducted tests in time. However, some patients have not received timely and regular treatment, and even some children have functional uterine bleeding. Sometimes the lowest hemoglobin of such children can reach 5 grams to 6 grams, and some need blood transfusion or hospitalization, which has a great impact on children.
Moderator: Let's meet a girl;
Narrator: wang hong is 22 years old. Her first period was at the age of 13. The first two years were normal. Her menstruation has been irregular since the third year. She always comes once every once in a while, sometimes not once a month or two, and only comes to menstruation about half a year after high school.
Wang hong: My parents took them to see Chinese medicine, but it was no use taking medicine. Keep dragging
Narrator: wang hong came to Union Medical College Hospital for gynecological examination and was diagnosed as polycystic ovary syndrome with metabolic diseases. Now wang hong has not menstruated for more than half a year.
Wang hong: If there was anything wrong, I might have come to see a doctor early, just because everything else was fine, but my menstruation was abnormal and I didn't pay much attention.
Narrator: After irregular menstruation, she became severely obese. Now she is overweight and her blood sugar is a little high. Only then did she want to go to the hospital.
Yang Jiaxin: Irregular menstruation and obesity are not necessarily causal. Irregular menstruation is a manifestation, indicating that there may be some problems in the body. For example, some patients with hypothyroidism may have irregular menstruation, and being too fat or too thin may lead to irregular menstruation. Irregular menstruation should go to the hospital in time, and don't be ashamed to see a doctor, which will delay the treatment of the disease.