When Du Fu met the Anshi Rebellion, he missed his homeland all the time, and Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty fled to Shuchuan again, which naturally reminded him of Zhuge Liang, who took Shuchuan as his base in the Three Kingdoms and made five northern expeditions, trying to restore the Han Dynasty in Litu. "After the restoration of the Han Dynasty, I stayed for a long time and fought against the veteran in the Central Plains. I have mixed feelings in my heart and vomited blood. "
Du Fu also hopes to meet a wise master like Zhuge Liang, display his talents and make contributions.
Later, Du Fu wandered to Shu, visited some relics about Zhuge Liang, heard some stories about Zhuge Liang, and regarded Zhuge Liang as a model in his heart.
Du Fu, as a famous poet in the Tang Dynasty, had a great influence on later generations, which in turn influenced the admiration and love of later generations' literati for Zhuge Liang. Luo Guanzhong also quoted Du Fu's poems to praise Zhuge Liang in The Romance of the Three Kingdoms.
However, the praise of Zhuge Liang by the three Soviets (Su Xun, Su Shi and Su Zhe) is more derogatory. Su Xun said in the book "Power, Strength and Weakness": "Guan Zhong said: those who attack are firm in defects, and those who attack are firm in defects." Alas! If we don't attack from defects, the world will be a strong enemy. Gao Han was worried about Ji Xiang, but he adopted Jiujiang, Wei, Han, Zhao, Qi and then Ji. The state of Qin is very worried about the six countries, the smallest and most hidden ones will be taken first, and the strongest one in Chu will be taken last. When Zhu Gekongming came out with his soldiers, it was appropriate to die. "This is criticizing Zhuge Liang for going his own way.
In Nostalgia at Red Cliff, Su Shi highly praised Zhou Lang (I also admire Zhou Lang the most), but did not admire Zhuge Liang very much. He wrote in a paper: take it with benevolence and righteousness, keep it with benevolence and righteousness, Zhou Ye, take it with deceit, keep it with deceit, Qin Ye, take it with Qin, keep it with Zhou Zhi, Han Ye, and be complicated with benevolence and deceit. My late Lord was in Jingzhou, and Kong Ming wanted to attack and kill his orphan, but he couldn't bear it. Later, Liu Zhang went to Shu with kindness and disobedience. After a few months, he choked out his words and took his country away, so he felt sorry for being different from Cao Cao! It is to run the army, to be a teacher of benevolence and righteousness, to drive Dongxiang, and to serve the world, which is difficult to hide. "Su Shi means that Zhuge Liang is similar to the treacherous Cao Cao, accusing Zhuge Liang of killing his son to seize his land when Liu Biao was in new mourning, but Liu Zhang put himself in, but he bit back. This runs counter to the traditional loyalty and loyalty. What Su Shi said is much more reasonable than what his father said, and I feel the same way. I don't think Zhuge Liang is a good candidate to deal with Yizhou. At that time, the rest of the world was robbed, and both places were fat, which was much easier to carry. If you want to use yourself, you must use them. )
In a paper, Su Shu wrote: Liu Bei entered Jingzhou, but it was not his place. Zhu Gekongming is a talented person to govern the country, but when he rushes in one after another, it is not his will. If he can't stand attacking others with anger, it's because he has no anger. "Su Shu means that Zhuge Liang's working methods are not desirable, and everything should be managed and hands-on. To put it bluntly, he is too strong and impatient.
Personally, as far as Su Xun's remarks are concerned, the other three people's statements are more reasonable. Zhuge Liang's first achievement is his loyalty. Others, such as military ability, political ability, ingenuity and so on, have both good and bad sides (everything in the world must be like this, and it is impossible to be perfect).
There are poems as a reference:
Batu Liu Yuxi
During the Three Kingdoms period, you made unparalleled achievements, and you gained a permanent reputation by invading. This river won't divert the stones from your disposal, and you will always regret that you will destroy Wu's unwise.
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Shudu Xiangfu
Where is the temple of the famous prime minister? It is in a deep pine forest near the Silk City. The steps are dotted with green grass in spring, and birds are chirping happily under the leaves. The third call aggravated his state affairs, and he gave his sincerity to two generations. But before he conquered, he died, and since then the heroes have been crying on their coats.
Responder: Miao Yan-Magician Level 4 10-29 23:3 1.
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Real name first, who is better than one thousand years!
During the Three Kingdoms period, you made unparalleled achievements, and you gained a permanent reputation by invading.
But before he conquered, he died, and since then the heroes have been crying on their coats.
................................
When it comes to Zhuge Liang, people all over China know that there are many wonderful poems and couplets to describe his extraordinary achievements, especially poets and folks in past dynasties.
There used to be such a couplet, which summed up the achievements of Zhuge Liang's life, but it was very vivid. It is also a view that has always been deified. At that time, after the first couplet came out, no one matched it for a long time, which was almost "absolute". It was a long time before someone matched the second couplet.
Collect the two rivers, arrange eight arrays, catch six out of seven, light 49 lights before five feet, and concentrate on three concerns.
Take western Shu, gather people from the south, and reject things from the north. In Zhong Jun's account, the soil and grass in Jin Mu were changed into hexagrams, and the water surface could be attacked by fire.
When I visited the Three Gorges in my early years, I went to Baidicheng, where there was an orphan care hall. There is such a group of statues in it, which describe the story of "orphans in the thatched cottage": Liu Bei lies on the bed with bandages on his head, pointing to his two youngest sons kneeling on the ground, Zhuge Liang and a group of ministers standing by the bed. The background at that time was that Liu Bei defeated Wu Dong, and Shu was weakened. He was worried about the future of Shu and the safety of his sons, and he was afraid that Kong Ming would seize the throne. He deliberately wanted to say, "If my son can't do it, the Prime Minister can take his place." In fact, Zhuge Liang's life is really aboveboard.
The poet Du Fu has a poem describing Zhuge Liang's situation at this time:
During the Three Kingdoms period, you made unparalleled achievements, and you gained a permanent reputation by invading.
This river won't divert the stones from your disposal, and you will always regret that you will destroy Wu's unwise.
The first two sentences of this poem praise Zhuge Liang's fame, and the last two sentences say that the defeat of Dongwu has become an eternal regret. At this time, the pattern of the three countries can no longer be broken, and the weak Shu country can no longer do nothing. You can only practice by yourself and wait for the weather.
Looking at the Three Kingdoms, I always feel dull and sad when I see Zhuge Liang's dedication to death, especially the weak Shu State's reluctance to attack the powerful Wei State. Wei Yan, a general in Shu, advised Zhuge Liang Bing to leave the meridian valley several times, but the marquis of Wu did not consider it. Although I don't know the art of war, I also think that if I always lose, I should consider changing my strategy.
Look at the modern point of view again: Wuhou Temple/Xu.
Seven vertical and seven strong and weak, six signs and six defeats are not gods.
Pour all his tricks, die without regret, and be smart and make mistakes.
This poem is a bit awkward at first glance. After careful consideration, I found it very novel. Zhuge Liang has always been regarded as a god-like sacrifice. He is a symbol of our national wisdom. There are actually many historical reasons. In the past, the orthodox Han family always respected Liu's thought of belittling Cao, and tended to raise Zhuge Liang? ! Needless to say, the Three Kingdoms is an era of heroes! But the author of Wu Hou Tan is sober, and his views make us shine at the moment.
In fact, isn't Zhuge Liang's life a bit sad? In the past, the concept of loyalty to the king, in which a scholar died as a confidant, can be said to have been fully reflected in Zhuge Liang.
It is Du Fu who really sympathizes with Zhuge Liang. He also wrote two poems about Zhuge Liang's Seven Rhymes and spoke highly of them.
Shuxiang:
Where is the temple of the famous prime minister? It is in a deep pine forest near the Silk City.
The steps are dotted with green grass in spring, and birds are chirping happily under the leaves.
The third call aggravated his state affairs, and he gave his sincerity to two generations.
But before he conquered, he died, and since then the heroes have been crying on their coats!
The fifth of five poems about historical sites
Zhuge Liang's name will remain in the world forever, and his portrait is lofty and respectable.
In order to plan the strategy of the world, generations seem to be Luan Feng's Luan Feng.
Yi Yin and Lv Shang are neck and neck, and their command of military operations is calm, which makes Xiao He Cao Can far behind.
The succession of the Han dynasty was due to luck. Although Zhuge Liang was difficult to revive, he was determined and devoted himself to the busy military.
Lu You, a great poet in the Southern Song Dynasty, also wrote a poem:
Who can compare with a teacher for a thousand years?
Let future generations leave many sighs! What would history be like if Zhuge Liang followed Cao Cao? Maybe China at that time would have been unified!
The following is more detailed:
Zhuge Liang went through the customs as a relative, assisted Shu at home, and resisted Cao Wei, Jiao and Soochow abroad, but later generations also had the scorn of powerful ministers. Is it difficult to judge?
Zhuge Liang in Yizhou from scratch, not only established a complete legal system, but also carried forward the king of punishing evil and promoting good, which was widely adopted by the people and made the fair and upright evaluation of the whole society clear. It is beneficial to the country, and although it is an enemy, it will also be rewarded; Those who violate the law and discipline, even their closest relatives, will be punished. Although the punishment was severe, no one complained. This fair rule is unprecedented, and it is difficult for anyone to compare with it.
However, Zhuge Liang compared himself with Cao Cao many times, and treated Liu Chan in the way that Cao Cao treated Emperor Xian of Han Dynasty. Mastered the power of the whole country, ruled out the influence of the king, and adopted measures such as political and personnel appointment, military deployment, and internal affairs. That is to say, some people regard Cao as a power-loving minister, just like Cao Cao, who did not usurp the Han Dynasty, but was an absolute monarch, with one person and one minister, who achieved great success and covered the Lord.
Zhuge Liang accepted Liu Bei's sincere entrustment in Baidicheng and became a six-foot orphan, in charge of national politics. He was careful not to be rude to the young gentleman and helped the country manage the people's trust. Compared with Sun Jian's death, even the ministers after Sun Ce's death were not attached, and Liu Chan was not as good as Sun Ce, Sun Quan and Zhuge Liang's full assistance, so that the latter had no worries. However, Cao Cao killed the queen's imperial concubine in the imperial clan of Xian Di; Zhuge Liang did not violate Liu Chan's behavior by serving the monarch as a minister. Cao Cao also took control of Emperor Xian of Han Dynasty and wiped out his cronies and consorts. On the contrary, Zhuge Liang was forced to return to Chengdu because of Liu Chan's humiliation even during the Northern Expedition. These comparisons show that Zhuge Liang and Cao Cao are completely different.
Without Zhuge Liang's intervention in Shu and his achievements, can Jackie Chan do his job well? Cao Cao, Sun Quan, Liu Bei and others are all very good at cultivating, employing, evaluating and using talents. Zhuge Liang arranged for Jiang Wan, Fei Yi and others to take over after his death. He used Dong Yun, Ma Su, Kyle, Coco, Yang Yi, Zhang Yi, Yang Hong, Fei Shi, Dewey, Lai Min, Yin Mo, Qiao Zhou, Deng Zhi, Yang, Zhang Biao, Yang Yong and even Liu Yan, Xiang Chong, Lu Kai and Ma Zhong. These should be to replace Liu in recruiting Zhuge Liang, Guan Yu, Zhang Fei, Zhao Yun, Wei Yan, Huang Zhong, Ma Chao, Pang Tong, Fa Zheng, Jian Yong and others, but Zhuge Liang represents the recruitment of talents. I wonder if Liu Chan can do better than Zhuge Liang? Quite skeptical.
For Liu Chan, military arrangements are even less worrying. Zhuge Liang led the army to war, rebelled in Nanping and explored Wei in the north, which often caused Wei and his troops to shake. Although the quality of Shu soldiers was too weak to achieve great things, Zhuge Liang did his best to recruit from several big States with only a few people in one state. If we want to compare Liu Chan's military ability, we should compare it with Liu Feng, the adopted son of Liu Bei. Liu Feng was famous for his martial arts in his twenties, and he also had the practical ability to lead the troops to victory. If he is willing to confront Liu Chan, can Liu Feng overcome the disadvantage? Later, because Zhuge Liang died, Liu Feng had no such worries. Without Zhuge Liang, Liu Chan led the troops to pacify barbarians, and the Northern Expedition of Cao Wei seemed a little overwhelmed. Maybe he will face the challenge of Liu Feng, and the throne may not be settled.
As for managing internal affairs, Zhuge Liang did not manage state affairs, build houses, build bridges and roads, open up wasteland to harvest rice and enrich warehouses, pay attention to the improvement of equipment and technology, and constantly accumulate rich products. Whether it is a powerful minister or not, these things need hard-working people to achieve. If these things are called worthies, Yizhou people sincerely hope that there will be more so-called worthies who are willing to do things. It's hard to find something beautiful, because there are too many powerful ministers who don't build power and power doesn't benefit the people. Does anyone think that Liu Chan will govern the country better than Zhuge Liang?
The most important source of power is Liu Bei, and Zhuge Liang's power to lead the country comes from Liu Bei's authorization. No matter Li Yan, Liao Li and Peng Yang, their status and power can be compared with Zhuge Liang. Most people in the world seized power from the ministers with Zhuge Liang's power, but in fact they ignored Liu Bei's entrusting an orphan to Bai Di. Zhuge Liang can govern the country with the power given by Liu Bei without taking power from ministers. It is not Zhuge Liang's fault that there is no second person in Shu Han who can share power equally. Power comes from giving rather than usurping, which is Liu Bei's will.
If there was no Zhuge Liang in Shu Han, only Liu Chan ruled, we can compare whether Zhuge Liang was really a powerful minister, and if Zhuge Liang didn't establish Shu Han at all, he didn't leave any system and talents to shelter Liu Chan. In fact, Zhuge Liang's success in governing Shu and making Qiang Bing a rich country is admirable. Even decades after his death, he was still admirable, even offering sacrifices at roadside or private temples. This treatment is beyond the reach of Cao Cao, Guan Yu and Liu Bei. Without Zhuge Liang's assistance, our national luck would not be better than Liu Yizhou's.
The so-called generals and ministers all come from the struggle for power and profit, trampling on other people's blood to gain power, and more deeds are not to use power to build the country, but to seek their own interests. The powerful people who rule the country began with struggle, but there was constant opposition in the middle. Finally overthrown, notorious, always selfish, forgetting the country. Take Huo Guang, Liang Ji and other domineering ministers, we can see the power struggle, from scratch; The end of the opposition, from there to there, the process of the powerful ministers only saw the ups and downs of their own power, but did not see the contribution to the country and the people. On the contrary, Zhuge Liang's legacy is to govern Shu, set the world in troubled times, and make Yizhou rich and strong. Although he has great power, he tries his best to exert his strength for the country and the people. Power comes from Liu Bei, and Zhuge Liang doesn't have to fight for it or seize power. As for Zhuge Liang's death, no one has the right to Zhuge Liang. Liu Chan can accept the arrangement left by Zhuge Liang without a coup. If Zhuge Liang is really a powerful minister, Cao Cao and Sima Yi have their own confidants, and the fact of treating orphans and widows has already been repeated in Yizhou.
Although Zhuge Liang has not recovered from years of war, he challenged Cao Wei's strong enemy with the weak capital of Shu, fearless, and the soldiers did their best without complaint. Zhuge Liang has done his best. If there is any shortcoming, it is that the revival of the Han Dynasty failed.
We should not accuse Zhuge Liang of being a minister who loves power, but should praise him as a minister who has the ability to govern the country. He has a heart worthy of heaven and earth and the life of the people.
There is a couplet praising Zhuge Liang in Wuzhangyuan Zhuge Liang Temple in Qishan County, Shaanxi Province.
"Righteousness, loyalty and bravery, the second table is from the six meridians;
After the orphan was sent, there was another person in three generations. "
Chengdu Wuhou Temple has a couplet left by Shen Baozhen, governor of Sichuan in the late Qing Dynasty.
"The land has its merits, and the south comes to find the ancestral temple of the Prime Minister, which is named as the universe;
Bridge to Wan Li, east to Xiangyang to ask the old days. How many people in Jianglou remember each other? "
Hubei Xiangfan Gulong Middle School.
"Two tables and three respects,
A pair of thousand-year-old feet. "
Dong wrote a couplet for Gulongzhong:
"The third summons asked him to handle state affairs,
Talk about the past and the present. "
Wu Yaodu, a scholar in Qing Dynasty
"Cloth in one thousand, grass frequency, hidden dragon. The prime minister of Shu has done his best and won it;
The name of bamboo and silk has hung for two generations, and the Han Dynasty will be exhausted. Tungsten is on the cloud, and Du Shaoling is sad and vomiting blood. "
Mr. Guo Moruo wrote when he visited Wuhou Temple in Longzhong.
"Set an example,
So as to sing for Fu Liang. "
This pair of couplets belongs to Wuhou Temple in Chengdu. The author is Zhao Fan, a famous scholar in the southwest frontier of the late Qing Dynasty.
If you can attack his heart, you will be self-defeating. Since ancient times, knowing that soldiers are not good at fighting;
It is wrong to combine leniency with severity without judging the situation. You should think hard about governing Shu in the future. "
Couplets of Wuhou Temple in Nanyang, Henan;
"The heart is in the court, regardless of the original home;
Famous in the world, why argue Xiangyang Nanyang? "
I think that's enough.