Vegetables are one of the essential nutritious foods in people's lives, which can provide essential vitamins, minerals, dietary fiber and other functional components beneficial to human health. With the continuous improvement of people's living standards and the acceleration of the pace of life, people's demand for refined vegetables that are convenient to eat, rich in nutrition and processed is increasing, and the requirements for product quality are getting higher and higher. Although China's vegetable export started late, its vegetables are rich in nutrition, complete in variety, high in quality and low in price, and are favored by consumers all over the world. Therefore, vegetable export has developed very rapidly in recent years and has become a pillar industry for agricultural export to earn foreign exchange.
The survey results show that vegetable processing machinery in China lags far behind the development of vegetable export, and now it is mainly imported from abroad by foreign joint ventures, which are expensive, such as beef powder and carrot shredders. It costs more than1.2000 RMB to import an ordinary shredder from Japan. In order to meet the needs of vegetable processing, we designed a multifunctional vegetable processing machine, which can process all kinds of special-shaped root vegetables, such as pencil scraps (cow powder), various special-shaped slices (carrots, potatoes, plum blossoms, chrysanthemums, leaves, rackets and so on. ), silk strips (carrots, beef powder, etc. ) and free slices (beef powder, carrots, etc.). Multifunctional machines have replaced some imported machines with single function and high price, and vegetable processors can process a variety of products with different specifications suitable for export only by purchasing one equipment. Less investment, high benefit, adapting to the needs of multi-variety and batch production, and improving the utilization rate of equipment.
Accelerating the development of vegetable machinery and improving the technical equipment level of enterprises will undoubtedly become a strategic breakthrough in the development of vegetable exports in Shandong, with great potential for value-added and efficiency. This topic aims to develop an efficient, reliable, practical and multifunctional vegetable processing machine, focusing on solving the problems of single function and high price of imported machinery in China.
1.2 Types of vegetable processing machinery
(1) Multifunctional rotary vegetable cutter, whose principle is to make the vegetables to be cut rotate at high speed, and make the vegetables cling to the blade for processing by centrifugal force, is a machine commonly used in vegetable processing industry, food industry, dehydrated vegetable factory and secondary processing of quick-frozen food. It can be used to cut blocks with fixed shapes, such as mustard, radish, potatoes, etc. Cut into pieces and wires of required thickness. Generally, corrosion-resistant aluminum shell and advanced alloy blades are used, which have the characteristics of compact and reasonable structure, simple operation, convenient adjustment and maintenance, corrosion resistance and so on. Its disadvantage is that the shape of slicing or cutting is irregular. Uneven thickness.
(2) The centrifugal vegetable cutter adopts advanced working principle, with compact structure, durability and easy maintenance, which can improve productivity and reduce labor intensity. Radish, potato, sweet potato, cabbage and other roots can be processed into shredded vegetables, strips and slices, which are widely used in large and medium-sized pickles factories and quick-frozen food factories.
(3) The performance of slicer is superior to other machines, and strip processing can be completed in one process, which saves time and labor and is convenient to operate. Suitable for processing round fruits and vegetables such as mustard, radish, cucumber (including pickled cucumber), potato, onion, cantaloupe, carrot and apple. The machine has compact structure, advanced design, convenient use, low energy consumption and high efficiency.
(4) Disc cutter is one of the main mechanical equipment in pickles processing industry, food industry and secondary processing of agricultural products. It cuts tubers with inherent shapes such as mustard and radish into thin slices and turns them upside down to present staggered 90-degree cuts. The machine has novel structure, advanced technology, convenient operation, safety, reliability and high efficiency.
(5) Linear multifunctional vegetable cutter, simulating the principle of manual vegetable cutting, and adopting advanced technologies such as stepless adjusting mechanism and centrifugal slicing mechanism, developed a compound multifunctional vegetable cutter, which is widely applicable to various food processing patterns such as roots, stems, leaves, silk, drills and curves. The machine is advanced in design, energy-saving and efficient, and has the leading level of its kind. Its disadvantages are low motor speed regulation accuracy, uncontrollable cutting length, high noise, low electrification degree and high cost.
1.3 Research Status at Home and Abroad
With China's reform and opening up and the rise of vegetable processing and export, various types of processing machinery have developed greatly, and more manufacturers have developed them. According to our literature retrieval, there are many kinds of vegetable processing machinery in China with single function, but few manufacturers develop multifunctional processing machinery. Even the so-called multifunctional vegetable processing machinery actually produces the same type of products, but it is multifunctional for different raw materials. In addition to expensive imported machinery, production is mainly replaced by manual processing and pickling machinery or drinking water machinery. The processing and molding are not standardized, the output is low, and the waste is large, which can not meet the needs of the increasingly rapid development of vegetable processing and export. The research on vegetable deep processing in China is still in its infancy, and there is no mature experience in the research and application of vegetable quality and comprehensive utilization. The research of vegetable molding machinery is still blank, which can not meet the needs of vegetable processing and export.
Foreign situation: The mechanization of vegetable production abroad has six outstanding characteristics: 1. Large vegetable machinery; 2. Mechanical automation: 3. Use high technology; 4. Extensive use of multifunctional machinery; 5. Stable and reliable quality and long service life; 6 Good after-sales service.
1.4 main contents of the study
The deep processing of vegetables in developed industrialized countries started earlier, with advanced equipment and standardized inspection standards. However, because of its expensive equipment, users can't bear it, and some advanced processing technologies are kept secret from us, many of our vegetables need secondary processing after export, resulting in serious loss of interests.
The purpose of this topic is to develop a multifunctional processing machine, which can process different types of silk strips, pieces, pieces, pickles and so on. The details are as follows:
(1) Study a reasonable cutting device to meet the needs of multi-function (processing shredded strips, slices, blocks and pickles). The three groups of cutters are independently controllable and easy to adjust, thus completing the processing of various shapes. And the specification and size can be adjusted within a certain range, which is efficient, durable and convenient to operate;
(2) Because there are many kinds of vegetables and their physical characteristics are different, conveying and fixing vegetables is a very important working condition in order to ensure the development of materials suitable for processing various shapes, so it is necessary to develop a reasonable feeding mechanism.
(3) Developing a reasonable transmission mechanism requires simplicity, novelty and practicality. According to China's national conditions, in the principle and structural design of components, the main research direction is to facilitate operation and maintenance, reduce costs, seek reasonable working principle and require functional diversification; Optimize the structural design, aiming at high efficiency, energy saving, universality and reliability;
(4) Design a cutter that can process all kinds of special-shaped vegetable products.
Main technical indicators: (1) The auxiliary motor is a 750W speed regulating motor. (2) The hourly productivity (taking 5cm thick potato chips as an example) reaches 400Kg/he (3) Vegetables suitable for processing: tuber vegetables, such as beef powder, carrots, potatoes, ginger, garlic, radishes, sweet potatoes and other vegetables, such as spinach and Chinese cabbage. (4) Processing function: It can process long strips with a length of 20mm-50 and a thickness of 2m- 10m, various free pieces and irregular pieces with a thickness of 1mm-8mm, pencil-shaped vegetable paste with a particle diameter of about 0.5m, and vegetable segments with a length of 30 mm-60 mm. ..
Chapter II Analysis and Research on Working Mechanism and Structure
2. 1 Theoretical analysis of vegetable cutting
As we all know, when cutting metal, it can be assumed that the cutting work consumed is proportional to the cross-sectional size of the cutting material. On the contrary, when cutting vegetables, because vegetables have special structural (fiber) resistance, the force is mainly related to the cutting direction, but has little to do with the cross-sectional size of cutting. In other words, the cutting resistance and power consumption are mainly related to the position of the cutter relative to the vegetables.
The different positions of the cutter relative to the vegetables are shown in Figure 2. 1.
The position of the serial number blade relative to the vegetables. Cutting method. The phenomenon that occurs when cutting in the range of δ and θ angles.
1 transverse cutting
(Cutting) Δ = 0θ = 0At first, the vegetables are squeezed by the blade and then cut.
2 oblique cutting 0 < Δ < 90θ = 0 At the beginning, the vegetables are inclined after being squeezed by the blade.
3 oblique cutting 0