X month x day
This morning, we came to the construction site, and the project manager introduced Chen Gong to us. Later, Chen Gong took us to practice. At first, Chen Gong did not take us to the construction site immediately, but gave us safety education. Teach us to implement the safety principle of "learning first, safety first". Teach us to pay attention to "three guarantees (safety helmet, safety belt and safety net), four entrances (stairs, elevator entrance, passage entrance and reserved hole) and five borders" when entering the construction site. Pay special attention to the possibility of dropping things on the top of your head and whether there are nails and wires under your feet. He also told us some accidents on the construction site, which frightened us all. Later, he introduced some projects to us:
The basic situation of the sewage treatment plant in Langfang Economic and Technological Development Zone is as follows:
Project name: Langfang Economic and Technological Development Zone Sewage Treatment Plant
Owner: Management Committee of Langfang Economic and Technological Development Zone
Construction unit: Hebei Construction Group Co., Ltd.
Project location: Langfang Economic and Technological Development Zone
Among them, paying attention to safety, wearing safety helmet and being careful in everything are repeatedly emphasized. This is also my biggest feeling today: safety first.
In the afternoon, Chen Gong asked us to sort out the information in the office and get familiar with the surrounding environment, and said that we should get familiar with the drawings of the project tomorrow and then go to the site the day after tomorrow.
X month x day
Today, Chen Gong brought us a pile of design drawings and construction drawings of this project, so that we can understand them as much as possible. Ask them if you don't understand, or look at the atlas yourself, so that you can understand the problem.
Although we have made the curriculum design, it is all part of teaching, and it has not been applied to practice, which is almost an armchair strategist. Compared with these drawings, the workload of our drawings is only nine Niu Yi points.
When I opened the architectural drawings and construction drawings, I saw several common parts of the construction drawings, such as name, framework, proportion and so on. When you first come into contact with formal design drawings, you will naturally compare your own drawings with it. The first thing we see is the seal of the first-class registered architect on the edge of the drawing frame, which is the passport of the construction industry and the goal of our efforts. This small seal represents a trustworthy technical level and a safe and reliable guarantee. How I wish I could have such a chapter!
When I looked at the structural drawing, I found that it was all marked by plane method. I remember when I was a freshman, Mr. Wang told us about Pingfa and gave us the atlas of 10 1, but we didn't read it and still don't understand it. Fortunately, there is an atlas in the office. When I don't understand, I look for an atlas and show me the pictures all morning. I can't help but understand. You must be studying the scars on the flat ground when you go back.
X month x day
Today, Chen Gong said that he would check the basis of our measurement and take us to pay it off. At the scene, he introduced a technician named Zhang to us and asked him to take us there.
Brother Zhang is very kind to us. First of all, let's get familiar with the operation of leveling and theodolite for lofting. I found that the instruments used here are obviously different from those in school: they are easier to use and operate than those in school, so it can be said that the operation of instruments comes from those in school when studying measurement. This shows that what you learn at school is the foundation and teaches you a learning method, not a dead thing.
Later, brother Zhang told us some pay-off skills and precautions, which made me dizzy, but in order not to affect his work, we just watched him operate. Later, when he saw that we didn't understand, he took time to make up lessons for us. I really appreciate him.
X month x day
Today, we are still offline with Brother Zhang. Today's pay-off is about columns and beams. Mainly to determine the positioning axis of the column. He is very proficient in technology. It didn't take long to find a pillar. Seeing that he is so easy to repair, I also want to try, but he won't let me. But let me go to an open space first and give us a set of data. Practice it first, and then he can really participate in the pay-off after passing the inspection.
It's really easier to look than to do. We didn't pass the test for a long time, either the ink line was too thick or unclear, and there were double lines in some places, which didn't look good when I popped it up, let alone used to guide the construction. It seems that I will continue to work hard.
But he also praised us for saying that it was good to do it for the first time. I'm much happier to hear him say that. Later, we practiced by ourselves and tried to really participate in tomorrow's release.
Today, Zhang Ge also told us a small way to make the ink line thinner and clearer:
A, pull the newly inked thread out of Mo Dou, tighten it in the air, and then bounce it gently. In this way, the excess ink on the ink rope can be ejected, thus preventing the ejected ink line from becoming too thick.
B, play ink line, to tighten the ink rope, so that the pop-up line can be thin and clear.
Later, the line I popped up like this looked much better.
X month x day
Today, brother Zhang's work is not so busy, and my wish has finally come true. Although it took a long time, I feel that time passes quickly. Looking at the thread I let out, I feel different. This huge project also has our contribution. We got off work early today, and later he said that there would be no pay-off work tomorrow, so we would go with others. Before he left, he told us: although positioning and setting-out and elevation control are only a small and insignificant part of the huge civil construction, their functions are really important, which is related to whether the building orientation specification can be carried out according to the drawings. The lineman is a comprehensive job, which requires not only mastering the operation of various instruments, but also understanding drawings, memorizing values quickly and operating accurately. First, learn the operation of level and theodolite, then learn how to read drawings, preferably drawings, then get familiar with drawings, start with magnifying lines, determine the axis position, and finally put local axes, pop up walls, leave holes, etc. Only by practicing more, asking people frequently, and putting the thread in one or two buildings will gradually become proficient.
X month x day
Chen Gong took us personally today. He said he would take us to see the binding of steel bars. My first impression at the scene was that the amount of steel bars used in construction was really large. This is unthinkable at school. The type and quantity of steel bars surprised me.
Chen Gong introduced us to a rebar worker. It is said that he is the best rebar worker in this site. Under his introduction, we also learned to tie steel bars. Later, during the conversation, he told us that, generally speaking, steel binding should be carried out from one end to the other in turn after the long axis. When operating, draw lines, lay iron, wear hoops, tie them according to the requirements of drawings, and finally shape them. Later, a supervisor told us that the overlapping position of steel bars should be correct. Its joints should be staggered, the upper iron is in the middle of the span, and the lower iron is at the bearing as far as possible; Within the length range of each lap joint, the area of lap reinforcement shall not exceed 1/4 of the total area of reinforcement within the length range. All steel bars and stirrups shall be bound at the joint, and tripping is not allowed.
I learned a lot today. Now I have an intuitive understanding of the types, specifications, shapes and varieties of steel bars.
X month x day
Today, I followed the supervisor to the site for inspection and reinforcement, and I still learned a lot from the supervisor. On this day, we always ask questions around him, and we all bother him. Later, I was embarrassed to ask.
Reinforcement inspection mainly depends on the following aspects:
The variety and quality of steel bars, the brand and performance of covered electrode must meet the design requirements and the provisions of relevant standards; Steel surface must be clean; Specification, shape, size, quantity, spacing, anchorage length and joint setting of reinforcement must meet the design requirements and construction specifications; The test results of mechanical properties of welded joints must conform to the special provisions of steel bar welding and acceptance; The number of missing buckles and loose buckles of binding reinforcement shall not exceed 10% of the number of binding buckles, and shall not be concentrated; The direction of the hook should be correct; Binding joint should comply with the provisions of the construction specification, lap length is not less than the specified value; The number of stirrups made of grade I steel bars meets the design requirements, and the angle and straight length of hooks should meet the requirements of construction specifications. The welded joint has no transverse cracks and burns, and the welding is uniform; The bending of the joint is not more than 4 degrees, and the axial displacement of the steel bar at the joint is not more than 0. 1d and not more than 2mm, and certain error limits are met.
X month x day
Today, in order to get familiar with the steel bar plan and learn more about steel bars, we took the steel bar plan and checked it with the steel bars tied by the steel bar workers. We are concerned about the following points:
1. Whether the construction is carried out according to the drawings, and whether the diameter, variety, quantity, spacing and shape of the steel skeleton are correct.
2. Whether the overall dimensions of the bound skeleton meet the design requirements, whether the deviation exceeds the regulations, whether the thickness of the protective layer meets the requirements, and whether the structural reinforcement meets the structural requirements.
3. Whether the anchorage length, encryption area and encryption spacing of stirrups meet the requirements.
4. Reinforced joints: whether the binding lap, lap length and joint position number meet the requirements; Welded joints and mechanical connections, appearance quality, whether the mechanical performance test of sampling meets the requirements and whether the number of joint positions meets the requirements.
For us interns, it is very important to use the knowledge of steel bar performance test in the previous civil engineering materials course and integrate the knowledge of various professional courses. In the future study, I will pay attention to every specialized course, so that I can learn the knowledge more thoroughly and be more handy in practical application.
X month x day
Learning to pay off and tie steel bars, today we came to the site supported by formwork.
Most of the templates here are wooden templates, which should be recycled for 4 or 5 times, which is economical and can ensure the quality of templates. Formwork and support should have sufficient strength, rigidity and stability, and can reliably bear the self-weight, lateral pressure, load and wind load generated during the construction of newly poured concrete. The production of various material templates shall comply with the provisions of relevant technical standards. Formwork supporting materials shall be steel pipes, portal frames, section steel, standard sections of towers, wooden poles, etc. Template support materials should comply with the provisions of the relevant technical standards.
Requirements for installing templates:
Template support should be built according to the special construction scheme. Corrupt, rusty, twisted, cracked and bent materials shall not be used. Top bracing should be vertical, bottom should be smooth and solid, and padded with wood. Support rods should be fixed with horizontal tie rods and scissors. Formwork should be carried out according to the working procedure. Before the template is fixed, the next working procedure shall not be carried out. It is forbidden to climb up and down with tie rods and brackets. For independent beam formwork, a temporary console shall be set up, and it is not allowed to operate on column formwork or walk on beam bottom formwork.
For beams and slabs with a span of more than 4m, the formwork shall be arched according to the design requirements. When the design has no specific requirements, the springing height should be three thousandths of the span. In order to prevent the template from leaking slurry, sponge strips should be inserted into gaps larger than 2mm.
X month x day
Today we came to the floor where the concrete was poured a few days ago. I heard that the formwork will be dismantled today. Let's have a look. Today, I understand what the teacher meant by "helping one third". It means that there should be three layers of formwork under the concrete layer, which will help maintain the stability of the whole structure and prevent accidents.
Go back to the office and check the information about formwork removal: 1, the side formwork without bearing capacity can only be removed when the concrete strength can ensure that its surface and edges and corners are not damaged by formwork removal; 2. The bearing formwork can only be removed after the concrete reaches the formwork removal strength; 3. Before concrete form removal, you must fill in the form removal application form and agree to form removal. 4. Dismantle the side formwork of wall, column and beam: the strength of concrete should ensure that its surface and edges and corners are not damaged due to formwork removal, and it can only be dismantled when the general strength reaches about 1.0Mpa. After the formwork of wall and column is dismantled, wooden boards should be used to protect the stair tread and the external angle of the passage in time. 5, dismantle time should be based on the concrete strength grade, ambient temperature or curing test block under the same conditions to control. 6. Dismantle the bottom formwork of beam and slab: when the span of beam and slab is less than 2m, the concrete strength reaches 50% of the design strength; In the range of 2-8 meters, its strength reaches 75% of the design strength; Concrete larger than 8m can only be removed when it reaches 100% of the design strength. 7. Dismantling of cantilever members: No matter the span length, concrete can only be dismantled after it reaches 100% of the design strength. 8. When dismantling the formwork at the angle of Yin and Yang, it is forbidden to use a crowbar to pry it hard, so as not to damage the formwork and concrete surface and affect the visual quality of concrete. 9, demolition of high steel pipe, two people cooperate with homework, beware of steel pipe impact load on the floor; Dismantled templates and supports shall be packed and transported away in time.
X month x day
Today's internship task is concrete pouring. Before I arrived at the construction site, I heard the "buzzing" sound of the vibrator from a distance. I quickly ran to the sound source to watch the concrete pouring. Nowadays, concrete is becoming more and more specialized, and all commercial concrete is transported by professional concrete companies to ensure the quality of concrete, avoid operational errors caused by on-site mixing, and can not guarantee the strength of concrete, reduce the workload of workers, and also use pumping concrete to improve pouring efficiency.
Recall the knowledge about pumping concrete in class, and then understand some principles of pumping concrete and some problems that should be paid attention to when pumping.
1. Before pumping concrete, the clear water in the storage hopper should be pumped out of the pipeline to wet and clean the pipeline, then cement mortar (or 1: 2 cement mortar) with the same mixture ratio as the concrete should be added into the hopper, and the concrete should be pumped after lubricating the pipeline.
2. When starting pumping, the pumping speed should be slowed down, and the oil pressure change should be within the allowable range. When the pumping is smooth, the pumping should be carried out at normal speed.
4, concrete pumping should be continuous operation, when the concrete supply is not enough, need to reduce the pumping speed, pumping temporarily interrupted, mixing should not stop. When the blade is stuck, it is necessary to reverse the queue, then reverse it for a certain period of time, and continue pumping after the forward rotation is smooth.
5. Pump far before pumping near, and gradually dismantle the pipeline during pouring.
6. When pumping in high temperature season, the pipeline should be covered with wet straw bag to cool down, so as to reduce the mold temperature.
X month x day
It's raining today, so we can't go to the scene, but we are not idle. I saw pumping concrete yesterday, and every car had to check the slump, so I reviewed the slump experiment again today. 1. Wipe and lubricate the mixing plate and slump cone with a damp cloth, add a funnel at the top of the cone and put it on the plate. 2. Put the concrete into the bucket with a shovel and tamp it. When loading the top floor, the mixture should be higher than the top of the bucket. 3. After tamping, unload the funnel, scrape off the excess mixture with a trowel to make it flush with the top surface of the cylinder, and scrape off and remove impurities on the mixing plate around the cylinder. 4. Carefully and smoothly lift the slump cone vertically upward, and it shall not be skewed. The lift-off process will be completed in about 5 ~ 10 seconds. Put the cone next to the mixing sample, and measure the height difference between the highest point of the falling mixing sample and the cone (in mm, the reading is accurate to 5mm), which is the slump of the mixing sample.
X month x day
Let's take a look at the concrete poured the day before yesterday and see how the workers maintain it. I also found that there was no plastic film on it for maintenance, and I didn't see anyone watering it After careful observation, it was found that there was a layer of curing agent on it. Concrete curing agent, also known as concrete curing liquid, is a kind of coating. Shotcrete curing agent is a kind of polymer material, which is sprayed on the concrete surface and solidified to form a dense film, which isolates the concrete surface from the air and greatly reduces the evaporation loss of water on the concrete surface. Therefore, the hydration of concrete can be completed to the maximum extent by using its own moisture, and the purpose of maintenance can be achieved.
In order to ensure that the poured concrete meets the design requirements within the specified age and prevent shrinkage cracks, the maintenance work must be done carefully:
(1) Cover and water within 12h after concrete pouring; Hard concrete shall be cured within 1h-2h after pouring. In general, the exposed surface of concrete should be covered with materials with strong water absorption capacity, such as sacks, straw mats, sawdust, etc.
(2) The water curing time of concrete mixed with Portland cement, ordinary Portland cement and slag Portland cement shall not be less than 7d, and the water curing time of concrete mixed with retarding admixture or with impermeability requirements shall not be less than 14d.
(3) The watering frequency should be able to keep the concrete surface in a wet state. Generally, when the temperature is around 15℃, water it 2 -4 times a day, and increase it appropriately when it is hot and dry.
(4) Concrete curing water is generally domestic water. At present, many places in China use plastic sheets to cover and maintain concrete. When curing concrete with plastic sheets, all exposed surfaces should be covered tightly with plastic sheets, and there should be condensed water in the plastic sheets.
X month x day
Today, our task is masonry engineering, which is also a small focus in the construction class. Combining the main points taught by the master with the truth of poverty information is as follows:
(1) Brick pouring: Clay bricks must be watered and wetted the day before laying. Generally, all sides of the brick should be soaked in water, and the water content is 10 ~ 15%. Dry bricks are not allowed to build walls at room temperature. Brick walls saturated with water content shall not be used in rainy season; If it is difficult to water in winter, the consistency of mortar must be increased appropriately.
(2) Mortar mixing: the mixing ratio of mortar adopts weight ratio, the measuring accuracy of cement is 2%, and the mortar is controlled within 5%. It is recommended to use mechanical stirring for not less than 65438 0.5 minutes.
(3) Brick wall:
1) Masonry method: masonry generally adopts one shun and one ding (one full ding). Brick column masonry method shall not be adopted after four weeks. 2) Bricklaying at the bottom (dry bricklaying): When bricklaying at the bottom of the first external wall, two gables are built with cut bricks, and the front and rear longitudinal walls are built with long bricks. There must be a comprehensive consideration when arranging bricks. 4) Slab angle: Slab angle shall be set before bricklaying, and the slab angle shall not exceed five layers at a time. The large angle of the new plate should be hoisted in time, and the deviation should be repaired in time. 5) Hanging thread: 6) Bricklaying: Bricklaying should adopt the "trinity" bricklaying method of shoveling ash and squeezing one brick, that is, the full paving and squeezing operation method. 7) Leave a gap: the corner of the external wall should be laid at the same time. There must be a diagonal fork at the junction of the interior and exterior walls, the length of which should not be less than 2/3 of the wall height, and the fork must be straight. Quality requirements for wall masonry: Brick joints must be horizontal and vertical, staggered joints should be overlapped to avoid straight joints, and mortar for brick joints must be full and uniform in thickness.
X month x day
We attended a meeting this morning, and Chen Gong asked us to take minutes. We said no, he said exercise, so we had to bite the bullet. The meeting was about the recent minor accident, which actually emphasized safety, quality and construction period.
After the meeting, Chen Gong read our records and asked us to strengthen the training of writing skills in the future, instead of focusing on the study of professional knowledge.
He told us: As an engineer, you should have two writing skills.
First, the skills of writing scientific papers should be able to correctly write technical problems and scientific research results into scientific papers, with clear themes, correct arguments, accurate data, clear levels, illustrated pictures and texts, and be able to conduct academic exchanges with the majority of scientific and technological personnel.
The second is to have the skills to write popular science articles. Profound and complicated technical problems can be expressed by simple and easy-to-understand methods and simple and intuitive experimental methods and accepted by the masses.
Without these two hands, you can't be a qualified scientist. I think what Chen Gong said is reasonable. We should strengthen training in this field when we go back.
X month x day
Today, Chen Gong took us to the construction site, and we asked him how the construction plan was determined.
He explained to us that the formulation of the construction plan is the core content of the construction organization design of the unit project, which Chen Gong told us again and again on the construction site. The selection of construction scheme must proceed from the overall situation of the unit project and be carefully studied and decided, so as to achieve technical feasibility, advanced technology, economic rationality, effective measures and convenient operation. Whether the scheme is reasonable or not is directly related to the quality, progress and cost of unit project construction.
The formulation of construction scheme generally includes: the division of construction stages, the selection of construction sequence, the selection of construction methods and construction machinery of major sub-projects and the organization of various labor resources, which is a comprehensive and comprehensive analysis and comparative decision-making process. We should not only consider the technical measures of construction, but also consider the corresponding construction organization design and ensure its implementation.
Before drawing up the construction plan, the water and electricity supply situation on site should be considered; Model, quantity and supply of main construction machinery in the construction stage; Supply of material components and semi-finished products; The supply of labor; Time limit and so on. These should be gradually adjusted and improved in the process of compiling the construction plan.
X month x day
Today we will pay attention to the site layout of the construction site. There are three steel workshops, a woodworking workshop, two living quarters, an office area and two material storage warehouses. On-site road layout meets the traffic requirements, and the production area and living area are separated to facilitate workers to enter the production area. It seems that the knowledge of learning architectural layout is embodied here.
Review the principles of unit project construction layout;
1. On the premise of ensuring smooth construction, the site layout shall be as compact as possible to save land.
2. Reasonably arrange the transportation roads on the construction site and the locations of various material storage yards, processing plants, warehouses and various machines and tools to minimize the transportation distance, so as to reduce or avoid secondary handling.
3. Minimize the number of temporary facilities and reduce the cost of temporary facilities.
4, temporary facilities layout, as far as possible to facilitate the production and life of workers, make workers closest to the construction area, the least round-trip time.
5. Meet the requirements of environmental protection, safety and fire prevention.
Engineer Chen said that if it is a foreign construction site, it is necessary to know the local temperature, rainfall, wind, wind direction and earthquake intensity, local resources, local traffic, local construction cooperation units and local construction administrative departments' management documents on the construction market.
X month x day
Today, when I went to the construction site, I saw that the workers were dealing with a place, and the tendons were exposed. I asked the technician next to me, and he said that the main reasons for showing tendons are as follows:
(1) When pouring concrete, the cushion block of the protective layer of steel bar is displaced or the cushion block is too little or leaked, so that the steel bar is exposed close to the formwork. (2) The cross section of the structural member is small, the steel bar is too dense, and there are stones stuck on the steel bar, so that the cement mortar cannot fill around the steel bar, resulting in exposure. (3) Improper concrete mix proportion leads to segregation, slurry shortage near the formwork or slurry leakage of the formwork. (4) The concrete protective layer is too small or the concrete vibration or virtual vibration at the protective layer; Or the vibrating rod hits the steel bar or tramples on the steel bar, so that the steel bar is displaced and exposed; (5) The board is not watered and wet. Water absorption bonding or demoulding is too early, and the edges and corners are missing when demoulding, which leads to rib leakage.
Preventive and control measures:
(1) When pouring concrete, ensure the correct position of reinforcement and the thickness of protective layer, and strengthen inspection. When the steel bars are dense, stones with appropriate particle size should be selected to ensure the accurate mix proportion and good workability of concrete; When the sprinkler height is more than 2m, a string tube or chute should be used for discharging to prevent segregation; Template should be fully wet and carefully plug the gap; When vibrating concrete, it is forbidden to hit the steel bar. Avoid stepping on the steel bar during operation, and adjust the straightness in time if there is any bending or tripping. The protective layer concrete shall be vibrated and compacted; Grasp the demoulding time correctly to prevent premature demoulding and damage to edges and corners.
(2) After the surface leaks reinforcement, brush it clean, apply 1: 2 or 1: 2.5 cement mortar on the surface, and smooth the leaked reinforcement; Chisel away weak concrete and protruding particles with deep steel bar leakage, clean them, and fill them with fine stone concrete higher than the original one.
X month x day
I went back to see the chief engineer today and asked them how such a big project was managed so well.
He said:
1, seriously implement the project construction procedures;
2. Do a good job in project queuing, ensure key points and make overall arrangements;
3, follow the construction technology and technical rules, reasonable arrangement of construction sequence procedures and construction sequence;
4. Adopt flow construction method and network planning technology to organize rhythmic, balanced and continuous construction;
5. Scientifically arrange construction projects in winter rain period to ensure the balance and continuity of production throughout the year;
6. Improve the degree of industrialization;
7. Try to adopt advanced construction technology and scientific management methods at home and abroad;
8. Minimize temporary works, reasonably reserve materials, reduce material transportation, and scientifically arrange construction plans.
Finally, the internship here is over. After I go back, I will study harder and master knowledge firmly.