take for example
Political aspects:
1. Both the Qin Dynasty and the Ming and Qing Dynasties were feudal countries. Qin established a unified and centralized feudal country, set up a system of three officials and nine ministers in the center, promoted the county system in the local area, and strengthened centralization; During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, centralization was further strengthened. For example, in the Ming Dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang established a secret service agency, abolished the prime minister system and the provincial system, and formed an official system structure with "five governments" and "nine ministers" as the main bodies in the central government and "three ministries" as the main bodies in the local government. After Yongle, the cabinet and Li Si supervision system were formed to assist the emperor in handling political affairs; The Qing Dynasty set up a military headquarters, and centralization reached its peak. At the same time, after Qianlong, the feudal country went into decline. You can also relate to the politics of the late Qing Dynasty and the situation after the Opium War.
2. Official selection system: Lv Buwei mostly adopted the hereditary system of officials before and at the beginning of the prime minister, and in a few cases, the ruling class recommended and promoted talents; The military system mostly receives titles with military merits. However, when Li Si became prime minister, the hereditary system of officials was almost abolished, and the system of recommending and promoting talents by the ruling class was further developed. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the imperial examination system mainly used stereotyped writing to select Jinshi.
3. Foreign policy: The Qin Dynasty mainly unified the world and fought against Xiongnu. From the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Zheng He was open to the outside world, such as going to the Western Ocean, and later closed to the outside world. . .
Economically:
Unified measurement in Qin Dynasty agreed that currency was beneficial to economic development, but the small-scale peasant economy still dominated. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the commodity economy developed unprecedentedly, and agricultural handicrafts developed greatly. Some handicrafts in the developed areas of southeast China use employment relations more, which is also called the bud of capitalism.
Culture:
1. There is a policy of high cultural pressure. Qin dynasty: burning books to bury Confucianism, implementing the policy of ignorance of the people, inhibiting the development of ideology and culture, and the literary inquisition in Ming and Qing dynasties also hindered the development of culture.
2. The characters in Qin Dynasty were unified, and Xiao Zhuan as a standard font was beneficial to the development of culture;
Ming and Qing Dynasties: (1) Popular literature, represented by novels, which reflected the civic culture, flourished unprecedentedly, especially Jin Ping Mei, San Yan and Liang Pai, which directly reflected the values and outlook on life of the civic class. (2) Literary drama: Luo Guanzhong's Romance of the Three Kingdoms is the first historical novel in China in the late Yuan Dynasty and early Ming Dynasty; At the same time, Shi Naian's Water Margin is a novel with the theme of peasant uprising. The Journey to the West in Wu Cheng'en in the middle of Ming Dynasty is a romantic fairy tale. A Dream of Red Mansions by Cao Xueqin in Qing Dynasty is the peak of China's classical novels. Excellent novels in Qing Dynasty include Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio and Scholars, which point to the darkness of feudal society. The best scripts are Peony Pavilion by Tang Xianzu in Ming Dynasty, Palace of Eternal Life by Hong Sheng in Qing Dynasty, Peach Blossom Fan by Kong and so on. In the middle of Qing Dynasty, four Huizhou classes went to Beijing successively, which opened the prelude to the birth of Peking Opera.
(3) Comprehensive encyclopedia: The Ming Dynasty compiled the largest encyclopedia in ancient China, Yongle Dadian; In the Qing Dynasty, comprehensive books such as Integration of Ancient and Modern Books and Sikuquanshu were compiled.
Technology:
1. The Qin Dynasty was relatively short, and its scientific achievements were generally associated with the Han Dynasty. The scientific and technological achievements in Qin and Han Dynasties ranked first in the world.
2. Ming and Qing Dynasties: (1) Compendium of Materia Medica compiled by Li Shizhen, a medical scientist in Ming Dynasty, comprehensively summarized the achievements of ancient pharmacology in China. [2] Heavenly Creations in Ming and Song Dynasties fully reflected the development of agricultural and handicraft production technology at that time, and was called "China17th century craft encyclopedia". ; (3) Xu Guangqi's Agricultural Encyclopedia is an agricultural encyclopedia. The earliest books to spread western scientific knowledge. (4) Xu Hongzu, a geographer in Ming Dynasty, wrote an excellent geography book called Xu Xiake's Travels.
Ideologically, the Qin Dynasty was mainly influenced by the legalist thoughts, while the style of study in the Ming and Qing Dynasties experienced a change from simplicity to emptiness, and then to truth-seeking and truth-seeking. There has been a general atmosphere of valuing business, "striving for profit" and pursuing pleasure, and the concepts of "everyone has his own private interests" and money worship are popular. The most important thing is Huang Zongxi, Gu and Wang Fuzhi's democratic and progressive thoughts. . Huang Zongxi showed a strong tendency to oppose autocratic monarchy, and Wang Fuzhi developed the simple materialism and dialectics in ancient China to a new level, despite the style of study that emphasized applying what he had learned. Huang Zongxi's thought had a certain influence on the later bourgeois democratic revolution. Gu's down-to-earth style of study had a great influence on scholars in Qing Dynasty. Wang Fuzhi's thought occupies an important position in the history of ancient philosophy in China.
Well, I can only give you a rough idea. You need to fill the concrete paper with flesh and blood according to this rough framework. . .