1, natural science academic papers.
Natural science, together with "social science" and "thinking science", is called "three major scientific fields", which is the general name of various sciences that study inorganic nature and organic nature by quantitative means, including human biological attributes. It is a science that studies organic or inorganic things and phenomena in nature, including astronomy, chemistry, biology and so on.
The two most important pillars of natural science are observation and logical reasoning. Natural observation and logical reasoning Natural science can guide the laws of nature. If the observed phenomenon is different from the prediction of the law, it is either because the observation is wrong or because the law that has been considered to be correct so far is wrong, and supernatural factors are not considered.
2. Philosophy and social sciences.
Philosophy and social sciences include philosophy, history, ethics, aesthetics, religion, anthropology, law, education, politics, psychology, literature and so on. Of course, with the continuous development of disciplines, more disciplines will be born in the future. Social philosophy is a tool to measure the survival significance of regions, nationalities and countries. Philosophy and social science is a tool to measure the significance of the whole human existence in the universe and time.
Philosophy and social sciences in a broad sense in the world include not only philosophy, but also many related literature, such as economics, psychology, law, art, education, history, China language and literature, sociology, anthropology, foreign language and literature, politics, religion, logic, ethics and other interdisciplinary subjects.
3. Technological invention and production.
Technological inventions can be divided into two categories. These inventions change and supplement the existing technology to varying degrees without changing the principle, and are also called improved technological inventions. For example, replacing carbon wires with tungsten wires in electric lamps is also based on the same electrothermal luminescence principle. The invention of high-pressure steam engine, steam turbine and multi-cylinder steam engine is the progress of steam engine technology.
Improved technological inventions are based on breakthrough technological inventions, and are perfected and developed through improved technological inventions. Improved technological inventions may be based on new scientific discoveries, but they often rely on long-term experience accumulation and exploration. Without a fundamental breakthrough in scientific principles, it is possible to make improved technological inventions of great value.