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The contents of railway transportation safety include passenger transportation safety, luggage transportation safety, cargo transportation safety, traffic safety and crossing safety, that is, the safety of the whole transportation production process and all transportation objects.

1. The importance of railway transportation safety

Railway transportation does not produce tangible products, but only changes the spatial position of transport objects (passengers, luggage, goods). Because the railway is transported by a unique train mode, passengers and goods are attached to the train and move with the operation of the train to complete the "displacement". Therefore, the replacement of passengers and goods by train operation is the basic feature of railway transportation production process. Similarly, the safety of train operation, that is, traffic safety, has also become the most important and core part of railway transportation safety. All passenger safety, luggage transportation safety and cargo transportation safety depend on traffic safety to a great extent.

For railway transportation itself, transportation safety is not only the basic requirement of transportation production process, but also the first important feature of railway transportation product quality. In the whole transportation process of passengers and goods, except for irresistible natural disasters and the functions of passengers or the nature of goods, railways must ensure that passengers are not damaged psychologically and physically, and that the physical properties of goods (such as weight, number of pieces, breakage, deformation or other impurities) are not changed. Any accidents during transportation, such as casualties, damage to goods and equipment, will inevitably lead to the loss of life and property, and at the same time reduce the credibility of railway transportation in the public and its competitiveness in the transportation market.

2. Ways to improve the safety of railway transportation

As one of the modern modes of transportation, railway transportation plays an important and positive role in the development of national economy and meeting people's living needs in many countries in the world. It connects cities, goes deep into rural areas and is closely connected with hundreds of millions of tourists and shippers. It has the widest, most direct and fastest influence not only on social and economic life, but also on people's lives and property. When a trunk railway is blocked or interrupted, or a passenger train collides or derails, it will inevitably directly hinder the production of thousands of enterprises or cause anxiety of thousands of households. Because of this, railway transportation safety has great significance and influence on the whole social life.

The safety situation of railway transportation reflects the quality of railway transportation equipment, management level, personnel quality and social order. Railway enterprises and government departments all over the world have always attached great importance to railway transportation safety, put the prevention of railway transportation accidents in an important position, and made unremitting efforts to this end. Railways and governments in various countries have continuously improved the safety of railway transportation by improving technology and equipment, strengthening management and perfecting the legal system.

Improving technical equipment is an important material basis to ensure transportation safety. The damage, failure and poor performance of lines, stations, communication signals and rolling stock are the important causes of transportation accidents, and traffic accidents are the first to bear the brunt. The damage of rails, signal failure and the damage of couplers, axles, bogies and braking devices of locomotives and vehicles often lead to serious accidents. With the progress of science and technology, we must constantly improve the performance, strength and reliability of various technical equipment, and strive to adopt advanced means such as equipment fault protection alarm, automatic detection, automatic control and remote control to ensure transportation safety.

Strengthening transportation management is the basic link to ensure the safety of railway transportation. Most accidents are caused by violation of rules and regulations, violation of labor discipline and poor technical and professional quality of employees. Therefore, it is necessary to constantly improve rules and regulations, strictly enforce labor discipline, and strengthen technical and professional training. To this end, many national railways have also formulated safety reward and punishment measures, and carried out safety month, safety week and various forms of safety competitions.

Perfecting the railway safety legal system is an important guarantee to improve transportation safety. The formulation and implementation of laws and regulations on railway transportation safety will help to ensure that railway transportation safety becomes an obligation shared by governments at all levels, railway enterprises, related industries and the general public. At present, some countries in the world have incorporated railway safety regulations into general laws, and some countries have formulated special laws on railway safety, such as the Railway Safety Law and other safety regulations on safety equipment and special transportation.

3. Railway transport safety supervision institutions

In order to ensure the implementation of national railway safety laws and regulations and strengthen the supervision and management of railway transportation safety, many countries and railways have set up full-time railway safety supervision institutions. However, the railway safety supervision institutions and organizational forms in various countries. Names and functions are not exactly the same.

The railway safety supervision agency was originally established in Britain. As early as 1840, the railway inspection room was established according to the Railway Administration Law. The chief railway inspector led the whole room, led by the then Trade Commission. 19 19 after the establishment of the Ministry of Transport, it was placed under the Ministry of Transport and is now a public institution under the leadership of the Environmental Protection Bureau. The work of the railway inspection room mainly includes the following three aspects:

(1) Check the newly-built and rebuilt civil works, signal and electrification works, so as to prepare for the Minister's approval for use according to law;

(2) Investigate the reported accidents (including public summons), and prepare the railway accident report for public publication;

(3) Providing technical advice to the Secretary of State on railway affairs.

Since then, many countries and railways have set up similar railway safety supervision institutions.

At present, railway safety supervision institutions in various countries can be roughly divided into two categories according to their basic functions: one is Britain, India, the United States, Japan and other countries. Railway safety supervision institutions are directly under the relevant government departments and perform tasks on behalf of the government according to law, which can effectively supervise railway safety transportation; The other is the Soviet Union, Eastern Europe and other countries. Because the Ministry of Railway Transport is a combination of government and enterprise, the railway safety supervision organization is directly led by the Ministry of Communications (or the Ministry of Transport), and a comprehensive safety supervision office is set up in the Ministry to carry out work according to the ministerial order and relevant railway regulations, and inspect and supervise the railway safety work on behalf of the minister. All railway bureaus and sub-bureaus have set up safety supervision rooms to carry out work in their respective jurisdictions.

China railway management agencies at all levels have safety supervision agencies, which supervise and inspect safety work on behalf of the minister, investigate and handle accidents, help implement safety rules and regulations, and specifically help units at all levels to study and take effective measures to prevent accidents and ensure transportation safety.