19 19 (in the eighth year of the Republic of China) was admitted to middle school, 1923 graduated from No.1 Middle School in Hebei Province and was admitted to Beiyang University with honors, 1929 graduated with a bachelor's degree in mining and metallurgy engineering. After graduation, he worked as an assistant engineer in Daling Talc Mine, Haicheng, Liaoning Province, and as a teaching assistant in the Department of Mining and Metallurgical Engineering of Beiyang University from 65438 to 0930.
1In the autumn of 930 (19th year of the Republic of China), Wei Shoukun was admitted to Tianjin to study in Germany at public expense. 193 1 studied chemistry in the department of materials technology, Technical University of Berlin, Germany; 1932 transferred to the department of chemistry, Dresden University of Technology, and successively completed the thesis of chartered engineer and the thesis of doctor of engineering; 1935 received the doctor of engineering in the summer.
193 1- 1935, majoring in chemistry, Department of Materials Technology, Technical University of Berlin, Germany, and graduated from the Department of Chemistry, Dresden University of Technology with a doctorate in engineering. Department of Metallurgy, Aachen University of Technology, Germany 1935 to1936,65438+
1936 (twenty-five years of the Republic of China) returned to China as a professor of mining and metallurgy department of Beiyang Institute of Technology; 1937 ——1938 used to be the head and professor of the department of mining and metallurgy of Northwest Associated University, the professor of the department of mining and metallurgy of Northwest Institute of Technology, and the director of the research department of mining and metallurgy of Engineering College.
From 1936 to 1949, he undertook heavy teaching tasks, carried out many research projects, and also synthesized, studied and evaluated the achievements of other scientific and technological workers in the same period. For example, he wrote "Design and Operation of New Small Ironmaking Furnace" and "Research on Metallurgical Engineering in China in Recent 20 Years".
1939- 194 1 was the head of mine management department, the head of chemical engineering department and professor in Xikang Institute of Technology, 194 1- 1942 was the head of mining and metallurgy department, academic director and professor in Guizhou A&M College.
During the six years from 1942 to 1947, combined with the mineral resources of Sichuan, Guizhou and Jiangxi provinces in China, several important scientific researches were carried out.
1943 (32 years of the Republic of China) put forward the problem of dephosphorization in converter steelmaking. In this project, he first analyzed the iron ore resources in the rear provinces, and put forward the dephosphorization scheme of small converter and the operation method of combining converter with Martin furnace according to its high phosphorus content, which had practical guiding significance for dephosphorization of small converter at that time. At the same time, he also inspected the aluminum mines in Guizhou, and put forward the method of extracting alumina for the reference of aluminum smelting industry.
1944, in order to solve the problem of refractory materials of Martin furnace, he conducted two research projects on refractory materials of dolomite mine in Sichuan Province, one was "Study on removing calcium and extracting magnesium from dolomite in Sichuan" and the other was "Study on firing magnesium bricks with artificial magnesium oxide". He systematically studied the geological distribution of dolomite in Sichuan province, and after comprehensively analyzing various methods of removing calcium and extracting magnesium from dolomite in foreign literature, he put forward the measures of removing calcium and extracting magnesium by selective dissolution of carbon dioxide. In order to improve the purity of magnesium oxide, he invented the "static post-treatment method" to increase the content of magnesium oxide to 99.5%, which met the requirements of manufacturing high-quality magnesium bricks, and theoretically expounded the chemical mechanism of magnesium oxide purification. The above two research results obtained three invention patents from the Ministry of Economic Affairs of Chongqing National Government at that time.
1944 ——1945, Director of Metallurgical Group of Chongqing Materials Laboratory, Professor of Mining and Metallurgy Department of Chongqing University.
From 65438 to 0945, the extraction of pure molybdenum and aluminum compounds from molybdenum mines in Jiangxi Province and the extraction of ferromolybdenum and molybdenum alloy steel were studied. In this paper, besides enumerating the use and importance of aluminum, the distribution and reserves of molybdenum ore in China, and combining with the actual situation at that time, a series of research methods for comprehensive utilization are put forward, that is, using domestic molybdenum ore, roasting first, and then extracting sodium molybdate, ammonium molybdate and calcium aluminate by wet method; Refining molybdenum alloy steel with calcium molybdate in crucible furnace: reducing calcium aluminate with ferrosilicon to obtain ferromolybdenum containing 40% molybdenum. In addition, molybdenum was successfully obtained with a purity of 94.67%. The above achievements were also awarded two invention patents by the then Ministry of Economic Affairs.
1945 ——1946 Acting Dean of Chongqing Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, Professor of Mining and Metallurgy Department of Chongqing University.
1946- 1948 has been the head of the metallurgical department, the head of the mining department and a professor of Beiyang University, among which 1946- 1947 is also a professor of the metallurgical department of Tangshan Jiaotong University.
1949 ——1951served as dean of engineering college of Beiyang university and professor of metallurgy department.
1951-1952 vice president of Tianjin university and professor of metallurgy department.
1952 ——1966 president of Beijing institute of iron and steel, professor of metallurgy and physics and chemistry.
Since 1956, several important papers such as Two Standard Configurations of Activity and Thermal Potential have been published continuously, which have solved the key problems in the application of activity. 1959 gave a systematic lecture to the teachers of the two teaching and research groups of physical chemistry and metallurgical principles of Beijing Institute of Iron and Steel. The theme of the lecture is "Application of Activity in Metallurgical Physical Chemistry". This monograph was revised three times and published in 1964, which was well received by metallurgical colleagues at home and abroad.
From 65438 to 0957, Beijing Institute of Iron and Steel established the first metallurgical physical chemistry major in China. Wei Shoukun is one of the founders. The textbook "Application of Activity in Metallurgical Physical Chemistry" edited by him laid the theoretical foundation of this subject. Before 1960s, the concept of "activity" was quite unfamiliar to the smelting engineers and technicians in iron and steel enterprises, and they thought it was "Chun Xue", so it was difficult to apply it. After years of popularization and dissemination by Wei Shoukun and others, many metallurgical workers have realized that it is a necessary means to study and analyze the smelting reaction process, which can be quantitatively calculated by activity. The role of metallurgical physical chemistry in improving the quality of metallurgical products and promoting the development of new technologies and processes has been gradually accepted by metallurgical industry.
During the period of 1962, China Metal Society and China Academy of Sciences jointly held the first national academic report on physical chemistry of metallurgical process, with Wei Shoukun as one of the main organizers.
At 1963, the second congress of China Metallurgical Society, Wei Shoukun gave a report entitled "The development of physical chemistry in metallurgical process and the future research direction of combined production in China", which attracted the attention of metallurgical circles in China.
1964, China Metal Society and China Academy of Sciences jointly held the second national academic report on physical chemistry of metallurgical process, and he was still one of the main organizers. When China Metallurgical Society resumed its activities on 1976, Wei Shoukun was appointed as the chairman of the Academic Committee of Physical Chemistry of Metallurgical Process.
1972 ——1978 Professor, Department of Physics and Chemistry, Beijing Institute of Iron and Steel. 1979 ——1983 served as the director, vice president and professor of the physical and chemical department of Beijing Institute of Iron and Steel. From 65438 to 0988, Beijing Institute of Iron and Steel was renamed University of Science and Technology Beijing. He is also a first-class professor and doctoral supervisor of this university, a central consultant of Jiu San Society, an honorary member of Japan Iron and Steel Society, an honorary member of China Metal Society and a senior academician of China Academy of Sciences.
During the period of 1985, under his auspices, the third, fourth, fifth, sixth, seventh and eighth academic conferences on physical chemistry of metallurgical process were held nationwide, among which the seventh academic conference was jointly held with the Academic Committee of Metallurgical Physical Chemistry of China Nonferrous Metals Society. At these meetings, Wei Shoukun insisted on academic freedom and compiled articles from different academic viewpoints into essays. At the same time, he paid great attention to presenting the academic achievements of young and middle-aged people to conferences or collecting their papers and compiling them into books, so as to train professionals in metallurgical physical chemistry and train successors in this field. Wei Shoukun has continuously broadened the academic field. After 1980s, he strongly supported the research of metallurgical process dynamics and metallurgical reaction engineering, advocated the application and popularization of computers in metallurgical physical chemistry research, and constantly improved the discipline level of metallurgical physical chemistry in China to catch up with the international advanced level.
1988 debate between Panzhihua mining company and Panzhihua iron and steel company on the properties of Panzhihua vanadium-titanium magnetite. Mining companies think that TiO2 in iron ore is alkaline, so the ore is semi-self-fluxing, so the price should be increased; However, Panzhihua Iron and Steel Company disagrees with the above statement, insisting that TiO2 is an acidic oxide, so the mine is not semi-self-fluxing, so the price will not increase.
Wei Shoukun himself worked out the desulfurization activity formula of blast furnace slag. The conclusion is that if TiO _ 2 is calculated as acid oxide, the sulfur distribution ratio obtained according to the formula is completely consistent with the actual field data, while if TiO _ 2 is calculated as basic oxide, the sulfur distribution ratio is much higher than the field data by about 20 times. Therefore, the dispute between the two companies has been resolved.
The theory of selective oxidation has been perfected and successfully applied to the separation of useful elements in domestic polymetallic mines.
The metallurgical reaction process is extremely complicated, in which valuable metals and a large number of impurities coexist in the ore. Although selected, there is still a certain amount of impurities remaining. Some ores contain many useful metals, and each metal should be extracted separately as far as possible. In the smelting process, some elements in fuel, flux and refractory will also participate in metallurgical reaction. In many metallurgical reactions, some reactions are expected, while others are not, which must be suppressed. Some reactions want to be carried out in advance, while others want to be postponed; Wait a minute.
Therefore, in the 1960s and 1970s, Wei Shoukun studied the thermodynamic theory of selective oxidation. He pointed out many times that when many oxides are reduced or many elements are oxidized at the same time, there is a problem of the order of reduction and oxidation. 1973, he first put forward the concept of "oxide transition temperature". Based on this theory, the order and conditions of element oxidation in different steelmaking methods, such as open hearth furnace, bottom blown converter and top blown converter, are guided and explored, especially for the smelting process of raw ore.
In 1970s and 1980s, he used the theory of selective oxidation to carry out a variety of industrial practices, and achieved the expected results. For example, to guide the decarbonization and chromium preservation in the stainless steel smelting process of Shanghai Iron and Steel No.3 Plant; The optimum technological conditions for decarburization and carbon preservation of ladle hot metal in No.1 Plant of Shanghai Steel are put forward. Combined with the metallogenic conditions of Panzhihua Iron and Steel Group and Baotou Steel Group, the best processes for extracting vanadium and niobium were put forward respectively. It also puts forward important guiding opinions and suggestions for the smelting process of nonferrous metals. For example, Jinchuan Nonferrous Metals Co., Ltd. extracted nickel by pyrometallurgy, and Wei Shoukun theoretically calculated the oxidation sequence of elements in nickel matte, which provided a theoretical basis for nickel preservation and desulfurization in Kaldo converter, and successfully determined a reasonable blowing process, so that the total recovery rate of nickel exceeded 95%.
The above examples and theoretical calculations are all included in his paper "Thermodynamics of Selective Oxidation of Elements in Molten matte and Molten Metal" written in 1982. The conclusion of the paper points out that these processes are carried out under the conditions higher than the conversion temperature, such as desulfurization in nickel matte; Decarburization of stainless steel smelting (including AOD method) and carbon reduction of high carbon ferromanganese; Processes that are carried out below the transformation temperature, such as dechroming of hot metal containing ferrochrome; Vanadium is extracted from molten iron containing vanadium, and niobium is extracted from molten iron containing niobium. It can be seen that the theory of selective oxidation is of guiding significance to the above smelting process. Wei Shoukun also pointed out that for the removal of phosphorus and carbon, besides the influence of conversion temperature, changing the composition of slag (i.e. alkalinity and FeO content) and the pressure of gas product (i.e. CO) can change the oxidation order of phosphorus and carbon. In 1988, Wei Shoukun further expanded and perfected the theory of selective oxidation. His article "Selective Oxidation and Multi-reaction Equilibrium of Elements in Metal Melt" (English version) was published in the German magazine "Iron and Steel Research". In this paper, "conversion temperature" is proposed as the first kind of selective oxidation, which is used to selectively separate an element; The second is the preferential oxidation of one element, which is accompanied by the simultaneous oxidation of many elements, and finally reaches equilibrium. According to the Giemsky free energy vs. temperature curve of Ellingham-Ricbardson, he also established a more perfect and comprehensive theoretical exposition, which provided a universal and practical theoretical basis for the multi-metal multi-reaction extraction process.
Jinchuan Nonferrous Metals Co., Ltd. has carried out the test of nickel matte desulfurization blowing process on the semi-industrial Kaldo converter, which has been a complete success and passed the ministerial appraisal of metallurgical department.
During the four years from 1988 to 199 1, together with Wang, Wei Gang and other experts, he went to North China, Northeast China, East China, South China, Southwest China, Baotou and other places to inspect China's iron ore and coal resources, and also visited Angang, Baosteel, Pangang, Baotou Steel and Masteel. They visited the coastal ports such as Shijiusuo in Shandong, Beicang Port in Zhejiang, Meizhou Bay and Xiamen Port in Fujian, Daya Bay and Zhanjiang in Guangdong, and made a general survey on whether the ports and docks have the conditions of "port-factory integration" and "large shipping mines" to build large foreign mineral steel mills. Combined with China's national conditions and the experience and lessons of advanced industrial countries in building steel mills, they, in the name of members of the advisory group of the Technology Department of China Academy of Sciences, They jointly put forward two proposals, namely, Suggestions on Developing the Raw Material Route of China's Iron and Steel Industry and Research on Some Strategic Issues on the Long-term Development of China's Iron and Steel Industry, and dedicated their sincere "China Heart".
On June 30th, 20 14, Wei Shoukun died at the age of 107.