Date of receipt: July 0, 20061On the objective inevitability and fundamental approach of the ecological environment crisis since the industrial revolution Bi Xueyun, Zhang Zhiting, Hao, Li, Li Ruiping (Xiaowutaishan National Nature Reserve, Yuxian County, Hebei Province, 075700) Abstract: Based on a brief introduction to the present situation of the global ecological environment crisis, this paper analyzes the objective inevitability of the ecological environment crisis since the industrial revolution, and holds that the western-led social culture. It is pointed out that the fundamental way to eradicate the ecological environment crisis lies in controlling population growth, developing and utilizing renewable energy, and implementing sustainable production and consumption. Keywords: industrial revolution; Ecological environment crisis; Objective inevitability; Radical treatment classification number: X 17 1. 1 Document ID: A DocumentNo.:1002-3356 (2006) 05-0048-031The present situation of the global ecological environment crisis in the middle of the 8th century with the invention of the steam engine. But at the same time, the industrial revolution also brought a series of ecological and environmental problems, which triggered an unprecedented ecological and environmental crisis in human history and posed a serious threat to the survival and development of contemporary mankind. These global eco-environmental crises are mainly manifested as water (blue) crisis, food (green) crisis, population crisis, desertification, species crisis, ecological death, ozone layer crisis, air pollution, extreme pollution, nuclear pollution, biochemical pollution, gene bomb (racial crisis), global warming and so on. The Millennium Ecological Environment Assessment Report issued by the United Nations pointed out that in the past 50 years, due to the rapid population growth and over-exploitation and utilization of the earth's resources, the damage suffered by some ecosystems has been irreversible. According to the report, the natural resources of the earth provide products worth 15 trillion pounds every year, such as fresh water, clean air and fish, but human activities have destroyed about two-thirds of the ecological environment that provides these resources, including wetlands, forests, vegetable fields, rivers and coasts. At present, 10% ~ 30% of rare wild animals on the earth are on the verge of extinction; 15 of the 24 ecosystems are deteriorating. About 60% of the eco-service industries on which human beings depend, such as drinking water supply, fishery, regional climate regulation, natural disasters and pest control, cannot be produced sustainably, and their prospects are deteriorating. The report believes that the deterioration of the global ecological environment endangers human health and long-term development. If the current situation continues to deteriorate, the ecological environment may suddenly change, leading to sudden changes in the quality of water resources, the spread of new diseases, the death of marine life on the coastal earth, and abnormal changes in the earth's climate. 2 The objective inevitability of the ecological environment crisis Today, the global ecological environment crisis has pushed mankind to the critical juncture of life and death. Only by deeply reflecting on the causes of the ecological environment crisis can we find a way to solve the environmental crisis. There are different opinions about the main causes of environmental crisis, which can be said that different people have different opinions. According to Professor Barry Commoner's induction, the Lord should have these opinions: ① "the theory of affluence", which holds that a rich society wastes too much, which is worse than a poor society that is in harmony with the environment. ② The theory of "progressive consciousness" holds that the reason of the problem lies in the inner enterprising consciousness of human beings, who are the most cruel species on earth. (3) The "population theory" holds that the environmental crisis is caused by too many people. (4) The "education theory" holds that the education received by human beings makes people more and more inhuman, and they do not know why they should love nature. ⑤ "Religious Theory" holds that the reason lies in believing that the only purpose of Christianity's natural existence is to serve mankind. ⑥ "Demand Theory" refers to the material demand of the public rather than the industry. ⑦ "Technology Theory" is considered to be due to the out-of-control technological development with the sole purpose of profit. According to the "profit theory", the reason is that it is easier to make profits by destroying the environment than by protecting it. Pet-name ruby "politicians say", because the government agencies that formulate and implement environmental policies are controlled by pro-industrial politicians, these agencies are paralyzed. Attending "social system theory" holds that the reason lies in the capitalist social system. Although the above statement has some truth, it is not comprehensive enough and engraved deeply enough to touch the root of the ecological environment crisis. In my opinion, the ecological environment crisis is mainly caused by the following reasons: 2. 1 the environmental crisis and ecological conflict caused by the industrial revolution led by western social culture are closely related to western social and cultural concepts. Western culture has three remarkable characteristics: emphasizing competition and conquest; Ignoring harmony means not only ignoring harmony with nature, but also ignoring harmony with other societies and cultures; Unlimited use of matter, thinking that resources are infinite forever. The exploitation of industrial civilization has excavated hundreds of mineral resources deep underground and turned them into disposable wealth of mankind, which has supported a new round of population expansion. Its main features are: conquering and utilizing nature by destroying it; Personal freedom and wealth consumption are paramount; Relieve the control of religion and ethics on people. These elements constitute the mainstream ideology of Hebei forestry science and technology in 2006. Throughout the 20th century, mankind consumed 654.38+042 billion tons of oil, 265 billion tons of coal, 38 billion tons of iron, 760 million tons of aluminum and 480 million tons of copper. Industrially developed countries, which account for 0/5% of the world's population/kloc-,consume 56% of the world's oil, more than 60% of natural gas and more than 50% of important mineral resources, and there is a serious imbalance among countries and nationalities in the world. At present, the remaining recoverable oil reserves in the world are only1more than 40 billion tons. According to the current output, the static barrier-free life is only 40 years. The remaining recoverable reserves of natural gas are 654.38+0.5 billion cubic meters, and the static guarantee period is only 60 years. At the same time, the earth's environment has been seriously polluted, the ecosystem has been seriously damaged, forests have been sharply reduced, species have become extinct, the climate has warmed, deserts have expanded and disasters have occurred frequently. Mankind is facing an all-round crisis. 2.2 Population pressure As mentioned above, the biosphere on which human beings depend is the largest life system, and it has its own load threshold. However, with the rapid growth of the population at the top of the biosphere food chain, the carrying capacity of the biosphere has reached its limit, which is unsustainable. Malthus, a British economist, believes that if left unchecked, population growth will show a geometric pattern (2,4,8, 16), while the growth of food needed by human beings is at most an arithmetic way (1 2,3,4), and the final result is of course very tragic. According to reports, since the first 1000 year after A.D., the world population was only 300 million. The second one, 1000a, soared to about 6 billion people. In the second period of 1000, the world population experienced two big increases. The first time occurred during the industrial revolution, from 1750 to 150a in 1900, and the world population increased from 800 million to1700 million. The population growth in this period mainly occurred in western industrialized countries. After 1950, the world population entered the second period of rapid growth. From 1950 to 198 1, the world population soared from 2.5 billion to 5 billion. In 3 1a, the population soared 1 times. The population growth in this period mainly occurred in developing countries, and the population growth rate in developing countries was much higher than that in developed countries. In addition, in developing countries, population growth is synchronized with the expansion of poverty. 2.3 the understanding of the basic laws of ecology is not enough to adapt to the development of human society, and it is inseparable from the natural environment of the earth for a moment. However, in the process of transforming the natural environment, human beings only know how to take and plunder from nature blindly, but they don't realize that the ability of the earth to carry human survival depends on the life support system and biodiversity it can provide. The process of human development is a process of constantly changing the "natural ecosystem". The development of this system has both advantages and disadvantages for human beings, that is, excessive consumption of natural resources and destruction of natural ecosystems will eventually lead to the unsustainable development of human beings. There are three ways to degrade the ecological environment caused by human beings: ① the consumption of non-living materials (the non-renewable resources on the earth are limited and exhaustible). ② Discharge to the environment (pollution and waste discharge often exceed the self-purification capacity of the environment). (3) Loss of biomass (renewable resources are used faster than new resources). Therefore, it can be said that it is the possibility that the total pressure generated by human activities exceeds the carrying capacity of the earth's environment, resulting in the environmental crisis. In this regard, Engels pointed out sharply in his book Dialectics of Nature a hundred years ago: "We should not be too intoxicated with our victory over nature. Every time such a victory, nature will retaliate against us. Every victory did achieve our expected results in the first step, but it had completely different and unexpected effects in the second and third steps. The first result was often cancelled. " It can be seen that it is mankind's ignorance of the basic laws of ecology and the unrestrained squandering of ecological resources that have led to the deterioration of the ecological environment, thus bringing unprecedented ecological disasters to mankind. Therefore, only by being kind to nature, acting according to the basic laws of ecology, and developing the economy in a way that makes development less dependent on the limited resources of the earth and more organically coordinated with the carrying capacity of the earth, can human beings escape a new round of punishment from nature in a wider range. 2.4 Defects of Traditional Lifestyle As we know, in the process of adapting to the environment, human beings have formed a lifestyle of obtaining material and energy from nature, so as to survive and reproduce from generation to generation. However, after a long struggle with the environment, human beings have greatly developed themselves, enhanced their ability and level of transforming nature, and gradually formed a lifestyle with high input and high consumption as the means, high speed and high development as the way, and high consumption and high enjoyment as the purpose. The result of this lifestyle is a high degree of pollution and destruction to the environment, and development is at the expense of the environment. Today, environmental crisis has become a direct factor threatening human survival, restricting economic development and affecting social stability. Under the situation of frequent public hazards and serious destruction of ecological resources that shocked the world, human beings have a clearer understanding of the defects of this traditional way of life. 1989, 1989 In the resolution of the conference on environment and development held by the 44th United Nations General Assembly on February 22nd, 1989, it was pointed out sharply: "The main reason for the continuous deterioration of the global environment is unsustainable production and consumption patterns, especially those of industrialized countries." At present, both developed and developing countries follow a lifestyle characterized by a large consumption of natural resources. The lifestyle with high material consumption drives the production with high resource consumption, which leads to the deterioration of the global environment. The emergence of environmental crisis is closely related to this wasteful and destructive traditional lifestyle. The fossil fuel that humans burn every 1 year can only be formed in nature in 1 10,000 years. People of insight call this traditional high-consumption production mode and high-consumption lifestyle "the failure of development". Specifically, it is the traditional way of production, consumption and thinking that almost all aspects constitute the social inertia force that threatens the ecological environment. Therefore, just starting from a certain aspect, or thinking that the updated technology can solve such problems by itself, or hoping for a brand-new development strategy, are doomed to failure. In fact, many biologists, ecologists, technical experts and, of course, social scientists from all walks of life have clearly realized that it is difficult for human beings to change their course if they do not deeply reflect on their way of life up to now, or on the whole industrial civilization. 2.5 Abuse of technology As we all know, the rapid development of science and technology has brought unprecedented prosperity to human material life. 49.5, Hebei Forestry Science and Technology in June 2006+10, also brought unprecedented disasters to human beings. It is the development of science and technology that endows mankind with the ability to transform nature. It enables mankind to exploit and manage industry on a larger scale, thus demanding more materials and energy from nature, and at the same time discharging more and more wastes into the environment. Especially with the development of chemical technology, human beings can synthesize many chemicals that are not found in nature at all, and they will circulate in the food chain for a long time after being discharged into the environment, which is harmful to human health. It can be seen that due to the abuse of science and technology, human beings are greedy for and plunder from nature, and ultimately they are shooting themselves in the foot. However, science and technology is a double-edged sword, which is harmful to mankind and beneficial to mankind. Only by correctly using science and technology, applying it to environmental protection, vigorously developing a series of technologies such as energy-saving technology and ecological agriculture technology, implementing a closed industrial ecological cycle, adopting clean production methods, realizing the harmlessness and recycling of waste, and minimizing the load on the environment, can the harmony between man and nature be realized, thus realizing the sustainable development of human society. 2.6 Disadvantages of the free economic system The free economic system requires the commercialization of the whole social relations, and requires free trade, free competition, free trade and free operation in accordance with the principle of equal exchange. In order to achieve this goal, it guarantees, encourages and even condones private people to engage in various wealth-creating activities without restriction. However, most of these activities get high profits at the expense of plundering natural resources and seriously polluting the environment. Under this system, everyone only wants quick success and instant benefit, regardless of the long-term consequences. It is this greed for profit that has caused serious damage to nature. The free market economic system has no internal goal and fixed direction, and only obeys the adjustment of supply and demand forces. Under this economic system, some human resources, such as air and water, are often sacrificed by a few people or groups in exchange for their interests. In this regard, Professor Barry Buyner, a famous American scholar, once pointed out that under the free market economy system, funds tend to flow to production projects and their affiliated enterprises that can produce the greatest benefits in the shortest time. Under this system, the investment is actually decided by the company. The basis of company selection is the period of recovering investment and creating profit. Of course, they choose short periods. Regrettably, projects that are beneficial to the environment and have high long-term economic benefits often require a lot of upfront investment, and the payback period of capital and profits is long, which is impossible for investors to like under the free market economy system. Because the allocation of funds under the free market economy system cannot spontaneously take care of the social benefits represented by environmental quality. This requires the government to use the "visible hand" to strengthen the intervention, control and regulation of free economic activities, so as to overcome the abuse of individual rights and waste of resources that the "invisible hand" of free economy cannot touch, and prevent the occurrence of material tragedies. 3 the fundamental way to solve the ecological environment crisis. Environmental problems arise in the process of development. The root of ecological environment deterioration lies in unsustainable production and consumption patterns. In their development, developed countries, regardless of the endurance of natural ecosystems, consume a lot of natural resources and energy on the earth and discharge a lot of pollutants into the environment, which leads to the intensification and globalization of environmental problems. At present, the consumption in a few areas of the world is extremely high, but most of the basic consumption needs of human beings have not been met. It is the unsustainable production and consumption patterns of industrialized countries that aggravate environmental degradation and poverty in some parts of the world. In the author's view, in order to fundamentally eradicate the root cause of the ecological environment crisis, we should start from four aspects: controlling population growth, developing renewable energy, implementing sustainable production and sustainable consumption. 3. 1 controlling population growth According to the estimation of world demographers, the world is growing at the rate of 1 100 million people every year, and by 2030, the population will probably reach 1 100 million. At present, the speed of development and utilization of earth resources seems to lag behind the speed of population growth. It is the rapid growth of the world's population that has brought great pressure to the ecological environment, especially land, water and species, which has caused a series of ecological and environmental problems, such as sharp decline in forests, soil degradation, ecological deterioration, waste of resources and species reduction. Therefore, in order to protect the earth's resources and ecological environment, controlling population growth has become an urgent task for mankind. 3.2 The development of renewable energy mainly includes hydropower, solar energy, wind energy, geothermal energy and biomass energy. Its biggest feature is its self-recovery ability. In the process of people's use, renewable energy can be continuously supplemented from nature, inexhaustible, and almost zero pollution, with little damage to the ecological environment. Therefore, vigorously developing and utilizing renewable energy is an important way to relieve the pressure of coal, oil and natural gas exploitation and reduce the destruction of ecological environment. 3.3 Sustainable production Sustainable production refers to the production that meets consumers' demand for products on the premise of not endangering future generations' demand for resources and energy. The main way to implement sustainable production is to implement cleaner production in industrial development. Cleaner production refers to the production and operation activities that use advanced technologies, processes and management methods to improve the utilization rate of resources and energy, reduce material and energy consumption and minimize waste discharge. According to the definition of the Joint Paris Industrial and Environmental Activity Center, cleaner production is: "The environmental strategy of comprehensive prevention is continuously applied to production processes and products to reduce the risks to human beings and the environment". At present, the main ways to realize cleaner production widely used in the world are as follows: ① adjusting product structure and replacing highly toxic and heavily polluted products with pollution-free and less polluting products. (2) Adjust the structure of raw materials, and replace toxic and heavily polluted energy and raw materials with pollution-free and less polluted energy and raw materials. ③ Adjust the technological structure of enterprises, and replace the technologies, processes and equipment with those with high consumption, low efficiency, big pollution and heavy pollution with those with low consumption, high efficiency, no pollution and little pollution. ④ Design the closed-loop circulation of materials, comprehensively utilize the "three wastes", maximize the use of energy and raw materials, and realize the maximum in-plant circulation of materials. ⑤ Strengthen the industrial production management of enterprises and reduce the loss of running, running, dripping, leakage and materials. ⑥ For a small amount of pollutants that must be discharged, adopt low-cost and high-efficiency purification treatment equipment for final treatment and disposal. ⑦ Establish a waste-free industrial zone. (Continued from page 54) No.505 Hebei Forestry Science and Technology Community in June, 2006, standardized wetland and bird protection work was carried out, and wetland restoration project was built for pilot. (4) Establish a wetland park. In Beidaihe Wetland and other wetlands close to urban areas and tourist areas such as Nandaihe and Gold Coast, we will plan and build demonstration wetland parks with coordinated protection and development, and at the same time give play to the ecological, economic and social benefits of wetlands. (5) Explore the establishment and gradual improvement of community participation mechanism in wetland protection. Based on the successful experience of community participation in wetland protection in other regions at home and abroad, this paper discusses the establishment of a community participation mechanism in line with the actual situation of coastal wetland protection in Qinhuangdao, so as to coordinate the development of coastal wetland protection with the economic interests of counties, townships and villages where wetlands are located, so that people can benefit from wetland protection and participate more actively in protection actions. References [1] Wetland Convention Implementation Office of State Forestry Administration. Guidelines for the implementation of the Convention on Wetlands [M]. Beijing: China Forestry Publishing House, 200 1. [2] State Forestry Administration, et al. China Wetland Protection Action Plan [M]. Beijing: China Forestry Press, 2000. (Continued from page 50) 3. 4 Establishing Sustainable Consumption Patterns "2 1 Century Agenda" proposes that all countries in the world should make every effort to promote sustainable consumption patterns, developed countries should take the lead in achieving sustainable consumption patterns, and developing China countries should seek sustainable consumption patterns in their development process to avoid excessive environmental damage, inefficiency and waste consumption patterns in industrialized countries, and industrialized countries should provide more technical and other assistance. Government and business play an important role in changing consumption patterns. Specific means are: using economic stimulus to change consumption behavior; Adjust the price structure so that the price can reflect the value of the environment; Cancel the protective subsidies for unsustainable consumption patterns; Improve consumer experience and environmental awareness and so on. Since the 1980s, the global green consumption wave has promoted the transformation of unsustainable consumption patterns. Green label means that a country stipulates that products must meet the requirements of environmental protection from production to use according to environmental standards, and issues certificates or labels to products that meet or reach this requirement. If a specific environmental mark is printed on a commodity, it shows that the whole process of production, use and disposal of the commodity meets the requirements of environmental protection, does not harm human health, is harmless or less harmful to the environment, and is conducive to resource regeneration and recycling. References [1][ America] D. Midus et al. The Limit of Growth [M]. Sichuan: Sichuan People's Publishing House, 1984. [2] Wang Jin. We only have one earth [M]. Beijing: China Youth Publishing House, 1999. [3] Chen Hongqing. Develop new ideas [M]. Beijing: China International Broadcasting Press, 2000. [4] Wang. Ecology and environment [M]. Southeast University Press, 2000. [5][ Germany] Dietrich et al. Man and Nature [M] 1993 .[6] Dai Xingyi. Towards green development [M]. Shanghai: Fudan University Press, 1998. (Continued from 5 1 page) Nasal inhalation is effective. At the age of 45, the second immunization with Newcastle disease vaccine was carried out, and 15 years old was inoculated subcutaneously under the wing. Antibiotics are not added to the feed within 3 days before and after immunization with various epidemic vaccines. 3.8. Disinfection rooms and equipment used should be disinfected regularly. 3.8. 1 ground disinfection shall be carried out with 1% bromogeramine or 4% lysol spray, once a week 1 time. 3.8.2 Space disinfection: fumigation and disinfection 20 days before brooding. Pour 42 ml formalin solution into a container containing 2 1 g potassium permanganate per cubic meter of space, seal it for 24 ~ 48 hours after fumigation, and then ventilate to release formaldehyde gas. 3.8.3 Equipment Disinfect all the equipment we use, such as thermometers, hygrometers, drinking fountains, food troughs, etc. , should be washed with bromogeramine or quicklime powder first, then washed with clear water and dried in the sun to achieve disinfection effect. Summary Through the research and feeding of brown eared pheasant chicks, in addition to the theoretical data of basic factors suitable for chick growth, some experiences have been obtained, which are summarized as follows: 4. 1 Behavior Habits Chickens show active and aggressive behavior as soon as they can stand firm, especially the crows and eyes that peck at the hatchlings. At the age of 3 days, they walk and run faster, and their climbing ability is enhanced, which is difficult to catch in the wild. Chickens began to take a sand bath at the age of 9, and flew to the rack to rest at night two weeks later. Their activities and foraging are most vigorous at 8: 00 am ~10: 00 am and 5: 00 pm ~ 7: 00 pm every day, and at noon it is 1 1: 00 ~ 14. 4.2 Health Signs The color and shape of the morning feces of chicks can basically represent whether they are healthy or not. If it is cylindrical, strip-shaped, brown-green, and there is white urate deposition on the surface, it shows that the chicken is healthy; If the salt content increases, it is white paste or lime slurry, which is more infected with dysentery; If it is yellow-white, yellow-green, with mucus, blood and other foul-smelling loose stools, it means that it is infected with acute diseases such as typhoid fever. The phenomena of pecking feathers, pecking anus, pecking toes and the presence or absence of leg weakness in chickens are helpful to judge whether the nutrition in the diet is sufficient and balanced, so as to adjust various nutritional elements in time. 4.3 Growth: Five chickens that are about to enter the sub-adult stage are selected from the flock, and their six related indexes are determined at 6 weeks, 7 weeks, 8 weeks and 9 weeks respectively. Through calculation and comparison, it is concluded that chicks grow fastest when they are about to enter sub-adults, that is, after 49 days of age.