Throughout the ages, writers have more or less shown humanistic consciousness, humanistic awakening and humanistic spirit in their works, which can ultimately be attributed to realistic concern, profound understanding and analysis of people's future and destiny. Undoubtedly, Pu Songling created a brand-new humanistic atmosphere in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties with his extraordinary literary creation. Pu Songling's literary persistence in ghosts, foxes, immortals and coquetry stems from his persistence in the spirit of human studies. Pu Songling's yearning for ghosts, foxes, immortals and foxes for human life, as well as his portrayal of human true humanity and frank feelings, have reached the point where human nature is vivid in the theme personality. First, literature is the study of Pu Songling, a writer in Qing Dynasty. He suffered from mental torture, poverty and loneliness almost all his life. However, it also enabled Pu Songling to constantly think about human studies and travel long distances in the field of literature. Throughout the ages, writers have more or less shown humanistic consciousness, humanistic awakening and humanistic spirit in their works, which can ultimately be attributed to realistic concern, profound understanding and analysis of people's future and destiny. Undoubtedly, Pu Songling created a brand-new humanistic atmosphere with his extraordinary literary creation in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties. Literature is human studies, which Gorky first said. The extensiveness and profundity of this proposition lies in that it requires writers to always hold high the banner of humanism and strive to shape various vivid characters in social life, especially in novel creation. In other words, literature should be people-centered, express, describe and serve people, and reveal the essence and laws of social and historical phenomena through people's specific words and deeds and destiny. Qian Gurong, the most influential scholar in China, once pointed out that the most basic motive force of all arts, including literature, is to improve life with spirit, which is the kind of passionate yearning and lofty ideal that promotes human life to perfection. [1] The success of writers lies in their unique talents, rich traditional cultural attainments, innovative ability and spirit, but more importantly, they are deeply concerned about the whole human existence and destiny, and deeply excavate and strongly call for the human spirit, human feelings and human beauty. The cry from "human literature" to "literature is human science" is a precious tradition of humanities and artistic philosophy in the literary movement after Pu Songling, and it is also the ultimate destination of human ideals of pioneers such as Pu Songling's Renaissance. Second, the choice of the direction of human study First of all, the ghost study that Pu Songling is familiar with in Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio is essentially a concern for human study. Pu Songling was born in troubled times and was longer than worry. He entered the screen when he was young and became a teacher in middle age. He has wasted decades, and he has a bitter and bitter feeling about the corruption of officialdom, the darkness of scientific research and the sinister life. Tired of dealing with officials and the rich, he was even more indignant at the sinking of the world. But resolutely raise the banner of human nature, enter the new world of literature, and seek spiritual comfort and humanistic sustenance in the so-called ghost fox world. [2] We see a noble soul trudging in the quagmire of human studies, and an aloof figure being exiled in the wasteland of human studies. One of his Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio attracted many beautiful flowers and foxes with different temperament. In his works, the mysterious ghost fox becomes flesh and blood, full of human touch; The illusory world is vividly written and full of realism. Strolling between brush strokes, people can appreciate the calmness and enthusiasm of literati. In Black Plug in the Green Forest, Pu Songling's loneliness and resentment are echoed. [3] Secondly, Pu Songling pays great attention to people's natural feelings in his works. Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio embodies the humanistic thought brought by the germination of capitalism in the late Ming Dynasty. For example, "Ruiyun" unfortunately fell into the dust. She chose the right person and fell in love with Hesheng. When beauty was destroyed, He Sheng believed that "people's love lies not in the beauty and ugliness of appearance, but in the love of the soul". Pu Songling wrote "Flower Demon Be sycophantic". Most of them have the same consciousness and talent in the world. They don't measure a person's value by money, but they are knowledgeable. For example, Redjade and Xi Fangping, Pu Songling did not regard them as ghosts, but wrote their beautiful side and were more approachable. As a talented writer, there is no doubt about his inner emotional activities, and it is natural for him to yearn for some kind of emotional comfort in his painful life experience. In the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, the resurgence of feudal ethics and Neo-Confucianism made the humanistic trend of thought of pursuing human personality liberation in a downturn, which deeply influenced Pu Songling. On the other hand, since this trend of thought has emerged, it is impossible to completely abolish the requirement of satisfying people's natural feelings. However, when the novel focuses on women with real social identity and real social relations, the author and readers will put forward realistic ethical constraints on them. Only when writing female images such as foxes and ghosts, because these characters are detached from the inherent structure of society and cannot be measured by ethical rules, the author's inner desires will naturally become active, and people's natural feelings will be expressed more freely in an illusory scene of "ethical isolation". Even so, the author's psychological shadow will still have an impact on the novel. For example, the short-term combination of those people and fox ghosts lacks the bright and cheerful secular life and gives people too many sad colors. As a realistic writer with rich emotions and outstanding imagination, he described the image of fox and ghost in the realm of complete fantasy, and also wrote the truth, goodness and beauty of human beings and many beautiful wishes belonging to human beings. This description itself is obviously the natural expression of Pu Songling's concern for human natural feelings. Third, Pu Songling has a firm humanistic spirit. Pu Songling's literary attachment to ghosts, foxes, immortals and sycophants stems from his firm belief in the spirit of human studies, which is actually full of Pu Songling's determination and ideals to help the world. When the imperial examination is unfavorable and the ideal falls into confusion or despair, the realization of personal value becomes illusory. Pu Songling starts with "elegant love" and is willing to be friends with Ghost Fox, which is full of romance and realistic factors. He reveals the realistic characteristics rooted in people's social life with his rich and strange imagination, unpredictable stories and fascinating realm style, which is both true and amiable. Through imaginative description, Pu Songling realized his cognition of self-worth and his persistence in humanistic spirit. It is embarrassing for Pu Songling to stick to his conscience, pay attention to life with sobriety and sympathy, and answer social questions. His imaginative description of the ghost fox left us with human enlightenment. Third, the characteristics of human nature orientation and the rational spirit of human beings. The satirical comedy Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio has broken through the limitation of traditional comedy that only focuses on people's evil deeds and absurd philosophy of life, and has a novel aesthetic perspective and a broader and deeper aesthetic vision, and has begun to reflect the rational spirit of modern people. Pu Songling's ideal life view has modern humanism color, which is quite different from the feudal values that attach importance to people's moral value and social responsibility and ignore people's pursuit of happiness. Praise comedy also breaks through the traditional moral education, with eulogizing people's pursuit of happiness and enjoyment of a happy life as its core content. Compared with western literature, China's ancient literature lacks the spirit of affirming people's struggle against fate, getting rid of realistic oppression and pursuing happiness. This situation did not change until Pu Songling at the end of feudal society. Pu Songling eulogizes the works that people pursue and get happiness through creation, enterprising and struggle. These works have occupied the mainstream position, and their contents are novel and strange. If the satirical achievement of The Scholars comes from Wu Chaoren's courage, seeing through the irrationality of the imperial examination culture pursued by people and dissecting the human nature they created from a microscopic perspective, then Pu Songling is Wu's forerunner. His thoughts are as profound as Wu's, and at the same time, he examines people's lives from macro and micro perspectives, and makes a grand tour of the ugliness of society, culture and human soul at that time. His satirical comedies began to bear a wider and deeper historical and real life content, with deeper cultural implications of human studies. Obviously, in Pu Songling's Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio, both satirical comedy and praise comedy are showing us the rational spirit of human beings. Subject personality. As far as the development trend is concerned, the rise of Pu Songling's literature in Ming and Qing Dynasties is epoch-making and close to modern aesthetic consciousness. "Man" is an important concept in modern aesthetic thought. We say that this "person" is the representative of the abstract personality subject, with an independent self-esteem personality and an emotional world of secular desires. If the modern consciousness in the west has turned its eyes from God to human body, then Pu Songling's concern and expression about the world, ordinary people and ordinary people in the aesthetic view of Ming and Qing Dynasties is also a kind of concern about "people". In his novels, there are poor scholars, businessmen who have been away all the year round, and hooligans who dominate one side. Of course, there are various female images in his novels, some noble, some clever, some cheerful and some despicable. Pu Songling's detailed description of these ordinary people shows his concern for "people" and his sincere love for their subjective feelings. We say that in the eyes of westerners, real people are against God; In China, real people are used to fight against power. Giving people real and natural thoughts and feelings is the first sound of all human liberation. Pu Songling expressed such a feeling in his Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio. Through the longing for human life by ghosts and gods, and through the true humanity and straightforward emotions shown in it, he reached the point where people are not more like people, and reached the level of completely vivid human nature in the description of the subject personality. In Pu Songling's view, the process of death no longer means the end of life, but a symbol. This symbol may be the only way to get rid of the fetters of reality and realize the ideal of life, or it may be the purification and sublimation of human nature, similar to the adult ceremony in some national customs. Many ghost images portrayed in Pu Songling's novels have higher life value and independent self-esteem than real people. Humanism consciousness is not only a remarkable feature of modern aesthetic thought, but also a conscious choice for writers to express true humanity and praise the subject's personality. Man and nature. Pu Songling lived in the countryside for a long time. Naturally, he is very familiar with all kinds of animals and plants that thrive in nature. Such a life experience enabled him to go beyond the common life vision of feudal literati at that time, and at the same time pay attention to the relationship between people and project his attention to the relationship between man and nature. In Pu Songling's eyes, everything between heaven and earth has its own natural laws and natural spirituality, and people's so-called supernormals are just reasonable responses to things by virtue of objective laws and natural spirituality. To some extent, some thoughts and behaviors produced by people depend on the help and guidance of nature. Therefore, we can assert that there is a truly equal relationship between people and everything in the natural world, and the abuse of people and things is also a crime against the laws of nature. So Pu Songling poured so much emotion into his novels to describe those extremely spiritual flowers and foxes. These natural things are equal to people. Here, Pu Songling is different from the traditional standard of judging whether things are true or false. He no longer takes "benevolence and righteousness" in feudal ethics as the standard to judge things, but decides right and wrong with an almost rough concept of benevolence and equality. Obviously, Pu Songling created a harmonious and beautiful ideal world under the guidance of natural human nature. "Alienation" of people. Pu Songling's creation expresses and sets foot in the theme of human alienation. It is precisely because people have become crickets that those unlucky families who are at the end of their tether are extremely grateful, and their eyes are suddenly enlightened and they have to smile through tears. The final outcome is as beautiful as a spring dream: the fields are boundless, the pavilions are endless, and the cattle and sheep flock. This abnormal alienation relationship between people and things, as well as the alienation of people, is the profound connotation of "promoting weaving" In Promoting Weaving, people and crickets are in an extremely tense and bad relationship. It seems that cricket has tortured people to the point of despair, and cricket is clinging to people's necks. In this unequal contest, people not only failed to strike back, but even failed to strike back. The relationship between man and cricket is completely upside down. People are alienated and crickets are alienated. In desperation, in order to escape the fate of extinction, people have to give up their solemn status as "people" and are willing to be such a little cricket. Therefore, as far as the strongest artistic effect of the story is concerned, the climax of the tragedy is not people throwing themselves into the well, but people's self-denial; Not only denied his own life, but also denied the value and dignity of people. The second self-denial when a person becomes a cricket is more tragic than the first self-denial. This form of self-denial shows us the weakness of human nature. It can be seen that paying attention to human alienation is itself a concern for people and a deeper concern for human nature. This concern is a more serious philosophical concern for human problems based on rational thinking. Four. The Achievement and Influence of Humanism Pu Songling studied, taught and wrote books all his life, trudged on the road of humanism, and finally enriched China culture with the magic of humanistic literature, which also had a far-reaching influence on Japanese literature. Pu Songling developed the supernatural into a positive fantasy, which reflected the meaningful life content he realized in the real society, many life philosophies he experienced and social problems related to human destiny he found. With his rich cultural, historical and social knowledge and extraordinary imagination, Pu Songling weaves many magnificent stories, depicts many flickering and confusing scenes, and creates many artistic images of flowers, demons and foxes with human nature as the main body and physical properties as the decoration. Among many roles, the female image is the best. These people shine with the light of human nature and become immortal group images of "people". This is rarely done by classical Chinese novels in the past. Pu Songling returned to nature and sought spiritual sustenance. Many natural creatures, such as foxes, tigers, lions, rabbits, wild dogs, rats, cows, pythons, frogs, pigs and dragons, which are usually despised and feared by the world, have become his objects of concern. He has a detailed study of various animal and plant ecology. Great to the times and society, natural and man-made disasters; From flowers, birds, insects, fish and dogs biting chickens, Pu Songling has experienced profound observation, and then integrated it into his own stories to create unique, dynamic and interesting works of art. No writer has portrayed so many animal and plant images in his works since ancient times. Pu Songling showed us an equal and open-minded relationship with his broad spiritual vision. The places where the characters described in the novel move are either heaven, underworld, Dragon Palace or dreams, which are magical, weird and colorful. Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio often shows a fantasy world different from real life, and its artistic imagination is bold, strange and rich, which is rare in China's classical short stories. Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio reflects the breadth of social life, points out the importance of social problems, and creates characters that no novelist can compare with in the history of China's classical novels. Under the circumstance that China's classical novels declined all over the world, Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio saved the fragments, not only inherited the excellent tradition, but also opened up a new situation, reaching the highest achievement of China's classical novels. It is no exaggeration to say that Pu Songling is the most outstanding master of short stories. As far as the history of world novels is concerned, there were few short stories of this level at that time. Because, at that time, Mo Bosang, the world master of short stories, was not born yet, and Chekhov was two hundred years later than Pu Songling. [4] There is no doubt that Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio has opened up a new era of China's novels.