On the rites and music system of Zhou people from the perspective of "heaven", "virtue" and "filial piety"
China is known as the country of etiquette, which can be traced back to the system of rites and music in the Zhou Dynasty. After the King of Wu destroyed the business, the emperor enfeoffed the princes, and the clansmen with the same surname and heroes with different surnames were enfeoffed to become princes everywhere, forming a feudal ruling order centered on the Zhou Emperor. Ji Dan, the first generation of Duke Zhou of the Western Zhou Dynasty, formulated various laws and regulations, also known as the system of rites and music, to safeguard his feudal rule. The ritual and music system of the Western Zhou Dynasty belongs to the category of superstructure, and it is said that it was formulated by the Duke of Zhou. The "ceremony" formulated by Duke Zhou is the general name of political norms, moral norms and various laws and regulations that maintain the hierarchical system of rulers, and later developed into a hierarchical dogma that distinguishes the noble from the humble. "Music" is a kind of dance music produced in coordination with the etiquette activities of nobles. The scale of dance music must be consistent with the degree of enjoyment. The ritual and music system of the Western Zhou Dynasty formed a ritual and music culture and civilization with the characteristics of the Western Zhou Dynasty, which had a great and far-reaching impact on the culture of China. The ritual and music culture of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty was pursued by Confucius all his life, and the goal pursued by Confucius all his life was to restore the ritual and music system of the Western Zhou Dynasty. Weeks after the Duke of Zhou put down the rebellion, the problem was the long-term stability plan of the Zhou Dynasty, that is, the system of rites and music. This is the sixth year of Duke Zhou's reign. "Li" emphasizes "don't", which is called "respect"; The function of "music" is "harmony", which is the so-called "kiss". Harmony but difference are two aspects to consolidate the internal unity of Zhou people. The central problem to be solved by etiquette is the distinction between honor and inferiority, that is, the patriarchal clan system, and then the establishment of inheritance system. Because there is no strict inheritance system, the Duke of Zhou can certainly be called the "salty king", and Guan and Cai can also betray the royal family for the throne. The small state should consider the experience and lessons of the big state Yin, and the Duke of Zhou knew Xia Yin's history like the back of his hand. Judging from the limited number of people who offered sacrifices to ancestors and brothers and sisters in the Yin Dynasty, they were divided into ordinary people, and the son was more expensive than the mother. Yin is the coexistence of younger brother and younger son, which once led to the "ninth rebellion". After all, it is a biological law to pass on one's younger brother to another. There are contradictions between the younger generation and the younger generation. The younger brother has contradictions between his younger brother's son and his older brother's son. The existence of these contradictions will often lead to royal disputes, which will lead to the decline of royal power and the prosperity of the country. On the one hand, Duke Zhou's system of rites and music is systematic on the basis of summarizing the previous experience, on the other hand, it is also a summary of Zhou people's concrete practice.