Traffic Safety Education Paper 1: "Analysis of Experiential Children's Traffic Safety Education" Paper Keywords: Experiential Traffic Safety Education in Juvenile Police School
Abstract: Experience is the process of guiding students to get real feelings through personal experience and practical activities. Development? Junior police academy? Experiential education is the best way to carry out publicity and education on traffic regulations, improve students' awareness of traffic safety and cultivate students' good traffic habits.
According to the investigation results of relevant state departments, accidental injuries have become the number one killer of young children, among which accidental injuries such as car accidents have replaced infectious diseases and malnutrition in the past and become the primary cause of endangering the safety of minors aged 0- 14, while accidental deaths of children aged 5- 14 are mainly car accidents. Facing the serious traffic safety problems of teenagers, it is urgent to carry out traffic safety education.
Modern educational theory points out that students' ideological and moral character is formed by accepting external influence and internalizing the subject. ? The new curriculum emphasizes experiential learning, which requires students not only to think with their own brains, but also to see with their eyes, listen with their ears, speak with their mouths and operate with their hands, that is, to experience with their own hands and feel with their own hearts. Experience is the process of guiding students to get real feelings through personal experience and practical activities. This requires moral teaching to be integrated into students' lives, so that students can position their roles independently, realize them through experience and develop their moral character through understanding.
Based on the above understanding, carry out? Junior police academy? Experiential education is the best way to carry out publicity and education on traffic regulations, improve students' awareness of traffic safety and cultivate students' good traffic habits. According to the principles of subjectivity, practicality and sociality of experiential education, traffic safety education activities can be divided into the following four steps: to play a role? Experience feelings? Put it into action? develop a habit
First, play a role and highlight the image.
In the past, traffic laws and regulations education was often limited to books, and teachers only focused on teaching and forced students to memorize traffic knowledge. Lack of life-oriented design and students' participation will often make students lose interest in learning. What about now? Juvenile traffic police school? In school, vivid education is loved by students through role-playing.
At the beginning of each year, we will put the players who have entered the fourth grade into the juvenile police school, let them wear uniform traffic police uniforms and hold a grand opening ceremony of the juvenile police school. The leaders of the traffic police brigade awarded flags to the students, and the representatives of the old students reported and showed the achievements of the police academy in the past year. Under the leadership of the police academy instructor, the new students read the oath of consciously observing traffic laws. We also made a police school flag and created a police school song. In the process of displaying and reporting the phased results, a review ceremony and an award ceremony will be held with dignity to continuously enhance the role consciousness. At the same time, we have also opened up a traffic safety publicity column, added a traffic safety publicity corner to each class of blackboard newspapers, and set up traffic signs on the main passages in the school, creating a strong atmosphere for publicizing and learning traffic safety knowledge.
Second, experience feelings and strengthen vividness.
The concept of the new curriculum tells us that children whose thinking in images is dominant need positive inner experience in their education. Positive inner experience can make their thoughts and feelings unforgettable, accelerate the socialization process of children and make them become useful talents in society as soon as possible.
In the small traffic police school, on the one hand, adoption? Would you please come in? The method is to invite police school instructors to give you regular traffic safety lessons to help you systematically learn traffic knowledge, master traffic command gestures, and more importantly, bring? Go out? Methods: Lead everyone out of school, take to the streets and enter the police camp, and guide the children to experience in three ways.
1. Field observation. The traffic police uncle led the children to the streets to know the traffic signs, signals and facilities and understand their meanings. Especially the signs and signals that prohibit walking, let children know its irresistible significance. Moving the classroom to the road, simple and boring words become vivid and tangible objects, which is easy to mobilize students' positive inner experience.
2. visit. Students feel how important it is to obey traffic laws from the videos of "Tragedy Picture Exhibition on the Road" and "Caring for Life and Traveling Safely". ? A day at the police camp? How do students feel about urban road traffic? Successfully established the project? The significance of implementation. During the interview, the traffic police selected typical cases from traffic accidents close to the children's real life, analyzed the reasons and summarized the lessons, so that the children deeply felt the importance of paying attention to traffic safety.
3. Investigation and statistics. Organize students to use the statistical knowledge they have learned to investigate the traffic situation near the school, count the traffic flow and people flow at different times, and understand the accident and the losses caused. Through a series of figures, students not only feel the development of social economy and the improvement of people's living standards, but also feel the increasing pressure of traffic, and the urgency and importance of traffic management are increasingly prominent; And let the children realize from the facts of life around them? One small step, an everlasting regret? The truth. It often works well to move your heart first and then act. Third, put it into action, based on subjectivity.
Mr. Tao Xingzhi believes that young people are not isolated, they are people in the environment, and the educational task of schools is to closely link schools with society, education and life. Students have a correct moral understanding and moral feelings in the classroom, but also need to consolidate and deepen through various activities to form good behavior habits. Consciously externalizing inner feelings into positive actions is the ultimate goal of experiencing feelings. In the activities of the police academy, we should pay attention to people-oriented, regard young pioneers as the main body of traffic activities, and cultivate their good traffic behavior by guiding them to participate in various traffic management.
1. Cooperate with the instructor on duty. Campus is much safer than endless traffic arteries, but? Quasi-flow? Behavior is also objective. If we don't stop the phenomenon of running fast and unblock the main roads, there will be accidents and let the team members take turns to participate in the campus? Quasi-flow? Our management not only improves the effectiveness of the school's daily management, but also helps to cultivate children's good traffic behavior.
2. Simulate the traffic police to stand guard. When going to school, the team members on duty are dressed in police uniforms and heroic, acting as small traffic policemen and standing guard at the school gate. Under their command and management, the traffic at the school gate is orderly.
3. Assist the traffic police on duty at the intersection. In order to realize the extension and expansion of traffic safety education from school to society, a social practice class is used every week, and small traffic policemen take to the streets to publicize traffic laws and regulations to passers-by and help traffic policemen correct violations; In order to make the traffic at the intersection unimpeded, we always use standard gestures to direct the traffic, our arms are sore and numb, and we insist on biting our teeth; In order to get the vehicles crossing the line back to the stop line, a social practice class came down and explained the work over and over again. Although the students are very tired, they can see their efforts to make the road smooth. Little traffic police? A sense of mission and pride arises spontaneously. In the process of self-education and self-management, their sense of responsibility and consciousness of practicing traffic laws and regulations are constantly enhanced.
Fourth, form habits and pay attention to persistence.
The formation of habit depends on the persistence of action. In order to make children turn traffic safety actions into daily behavior habits, it is necessary to strengthen the comprehensive management of schools, families and society. From school to family to society, we should attach importance to traffic safety education, so that the system is strict, the responsibility lies with people, measures are implemented and inspections are frequent. Go to school happily and go home safely? The slogan goes deep into the hearts of every student and parent and is implemented in the actions of every student and parent. The school issued a "traffic behavior contact card" to each team member and asked them to carry it with them. Teachers, traffic policemen, instructors and small traffic policemen are all concerned about their own traffic at school and on the road. Violation? Behavior is recorded in time and checked and evaluated once a week. Praise the players who consciously abide by traffic laws and regulations, and combine them with the selection of civilized players and three-good students, so that they can make continuous progress through encouragement and spur. We also divide the cultivation of good traffic habits into three grades: low, medium and high, which correspond to the police ranks of the three grades. We regularly conduct self-evaluation and mutual evaluation on police college students, determine their respective police ranks, and hold a ceremony to award them. This interesting evaluation promotes the formation of students' good habits.
Facts have proved that experience is the truest and most emotional inner feeling. Experience can internalize students' moral understanding, cultivate students' moral will, thus trigger moral behavior, make knowledge, emotion, will and behavior become a harmonious whole in the process of moral formation, and promote students' development. Due to the emphasis on experiential education in the construction of juvenile police schools, students' consciousness of practicing traffic laws and regulations is generally enhanced. Although our school is located on a busy road, there have been no traffic accidents for many years. Junior police academy won the first batch in Jiangsu province? Senior junior military academy? Title.
References:
[1] gaoxia. Theory and practice of activity curriculum. Shanghai Science and Technology Education Press, 2000.
[2] Li Boshu. Moral development and moral education mode. East China Normal University Press 1999
Traffic Safety Education Part II: Research on Expressway Safety Management Abstract With the continuous construction of expressways in China, the number of motor vehicles is increasing and traffic accidents are on the rise, so it is increasingly important to carry out research on expressway safety management. This paper studies the expressway safety management system, focusing on the factors affecting expressway traffic safety, such as people, vehicles, roads and management, and puts forward some suggestions on expressway safety management according to these factors.
Expressway; safety management
China's expressway construction began in the 1980s, and after 1997, China entered a period of great expressway development. By the end of 200 1 year, China has built expressways 19000 kilometers, ranking second in the world in total mileage. With the continuous construction and operation of expressways, how to manage and make good use of expressways has become a very urgent problem, so the research on expressway management came into being, and one of its main contents is expressway safety management. Due to the lack of experience, the traffic management mode of ordinary highway has been copied to the management of expressway, but the traffic mode of expressway is very different from that of ordinary highway. Because of the high speed and large traffic volume, many new problems have appeared in the management of expressway. Since 1988, the first expressway in China was opened to traffic, the number of traffic accidents and casualties has been rising. During the six years from 1994 to 1999, 46,500 traffic accidents occurred, resulting in 6,374 deaths. 17 165438+. In terms of expressway management, Singapore has good management experience, which makes its traffic accident rate always low. The smooth and orderly traffic in Singapore depends not only on strict traffic regulations, but also on scientific traffic management. Singapore has perfect traffic safety facilities, attaches importance to the cultivation of drivers' quality, attaches importance to traffic safety publicity and education, and advocates pedestrian priority and direct driving priority. Therefore, it is an urgent problem to learn from foreign advanced management experience and combine the characteristics of China's expressways to establish a safety management model suitable for China's expressways.
1? The Significance of Expressway Safety Management
Expressway is a fully enclosed, multi-lane and high-standard automobile-only expressway, with central separation, full interchange, centralized management, traffic control and complete safety service facilities. Expressway has the characteristics of high speed and large capacity. Due to a series of measures taken by expressways, traffic accidents have been greatly reduced, and the accident rate is only 1/3- 1/4 of that of ordinary highways. However, due to the high speed on the expressway, once an accident occurs, its severity increases, and the death rate of the expressway accident is twice that of the ordinary highway. The high number of highway traffic accidents and casualties in China is mainly due to the unfamiliarity and inadaptability of highway drivers in China, and also related to the backward management level of highways. China is in the period of rapid development of expressway construction, and major accidents have occurred on the expressway, causing serious political impact and economic losses. Therefore, it is of great significance to study highway safety management. Highway safety management covers a wide range and contains many contents, mainly including traffic safety education: that is, it is an effective measure to prevent traffic accidents by making full use of various publicity media to popularize traffic safety knowledge and highway use knowledge; Legal Construction: Making Highway Traffic Safety Possible? There are laws to follow, and there are laws to follow? Therefore, it is necessary to constantly improve traffic laws and regulations and strictly enforce them, so that violators can get the punishment they deserve, learn from them and avoid more accidents; Vehicle construction: register vehicles and check them regularly, and issue licenses and driving licenses; Driver management: issue and verify motor vehicle driving license; Acceptance and management of roads and their safety facilities: road completion acceptance, maintenance and management of safety facilities, stop and deal with all kinds of encroachment and destruction of roads, road land and highway facilities, and eliminate potential safety hazards; Maintaining highway safety order includes correcting traffic violations, handling traffic accidents, road security management and traffic pollution management.
2? Content of expressway safety management
Highway traffic safety is a systematic problem composed of people, vehicles, roads and management. These four factors coordinate and interact with each other, and any one of them will affect traffic safety. Among them, human factors are very important, and accidents on expressways are all caused by human factors, accounting for 95%. The braking performance and steering performance of a car during driving also have great influence on traffic safety. The structure and safety facilities of the expressway itself are also factors that affect traffic safety. Traffic management plays an important role in ensuring highway traffic safety. The author will discuss it from the following four aspects:
(1) Human factors. Because the expressway is fully enclosed and interconnected, the road conditions are good, and drivers do not need to take many measures during driving, which leads to the decrease of drivers' vigilance. Once they encounter problems and don't deal with them in time, they are prone to traffic accidents. The main causes of traffic accidents are drivers' lack of expressway driving experience and common sense, drivers' long-term fatigue driving, and drivers' weak awareness of traffic safety laws and regulations, such as driving without a license, drunk driving, speeding, illegal overtaking, illegal loading, and too close distance between cars. Traffic accidents are more likely to occur in rainy and foggy weather and when the road surface freezes or accumulates water after rain. In addition, passengers getting on and off the expressway at will and walking on the expressway without authorization are the causes of traffic accidents. 2 car factor. Cars driving on the expressway are fast and require good condition. Before driving, the engine, tires and brake system should be maintained and checked. Tire puncture is one of the most common causes of traffic accidents on expressways in China, and the out-of-control situation caused by it is very serious, accounting for 19% of traffic accidents caused by vehicles. Other causes include engine failure, engine overheating, electrical failure and fuel exhaustion. When vehicles are driving on the expressway, they should pay attention to the specified speed and keep a certain distance from other vehicles. It is very dangerous to drive too fast or too slow. It is also necessary to pay attention to the provisions on the occupation and loading of traffic lanes. Don't overload or cause traffic accidents because of excessive centrifugal force.
③ Road factors. Road factors mainly refer to the linear design and road structure of expressway. Among them, alignment design has a great relationship with traffic accidents, such as too small radius of curvature, too long straight line distance, too small sight distance, too large longitudinal slope, and uncoordinated horizontal and vertical alignment. In addition, the strength stability, smoothness and skid resistance of pavement are also the reasons that affect the safe driving of expressway. Because of the high speed of the expressway, a pebble on the pavement or a small damage to the pavement structure may lead to major traffic accidents, so the maintenance of the expressway is also very important.
④ Management factors. There is no unified model for expressway management in China, because? One way, two systems? It is the unclear responsibilities of the public security department and the transportation department that cause management problems. In addition, the backward management hardware facilities and low scientific management level are also factors affecting highway safety. The expressway safety management department should effectively manage the expressway to provide a safe, comfortable, smooth and fast driving environment for people, thus reducing traffic accidents and ensuring traffic safety.
3? Safety management measures of expressway
(1), strengthen the education and management of drivers, improve the quality of drivers, conduct safety education for drivers according to the characteristics of expressway driving, and let drivers know the matters needing attention in expressway driving. Educate and deal with illegal drivers so that they can learn from them. Drivers should pay attention to making a reasonable driving plan before driving, don't drive fatigue, don't overspeed, make necessary inspections on vehicles, and use seat belts as required. In addition, it is necessary to strengthen the education of safety laws and regulations for the whole society, let people know the difference between expressways and ordinary highways, strengthen the management and maintenance of safety ancillary facilities of expressways, and prevent passengers from getting on and off at will and pedestrians from crossing expressways.
(2) Keep the car in good condition, do not overspeed, pay attention to keep the distance between cars, and do not overload. Necessary penalties shall be imposed on speeding and overloading vehicles, and safety education shall be combined to make them realize the seriousness and harmfulness of the problem.
(3) The highway design in China determines the linear standard according to the calculated driving speed of cars, but on the highway, many cars are driving at a speed greater than the calculated driving speed. Therefore, the author thinks that highway design should calculate all kinds of linear indexes at a speed greater than the calculated driving speed. In this way, although the project cost increases, the traffic accidents will be reduced, so the social benefits are still relatively good, and with the continuous development of the automobile industry, it also meets the requirements of the continuous improvement of automobile performance. In addition, when designing roads, we should choose appropriate alignment standards and pay attention to the horizontal and vertical alignment of roads. The pavement design and construction of roads should meet the requirements of national specifications. After the roads are put into operation, attention should be paid to maintenance and repair. Eye-catching signs should be set up in accident-prone areas with poor line shape to remind drivers.
At present, China has only carried out large-scale road construction, and the backward traffic management system has restricted the use effect of expressways. Study intelligent transportation system, apply advanced detection, communication and computer technology to road traffic system, make the functions of vehicles and roads intelligent, improve transportation efficiency, ensure traffic safety, improve traffic safety and reduce traffic pollution.
The author puts forward some superficial views on highway safety management. How to improve the scientificity of expressway management, coordinate the relationship among good people, vehicles, roads and management departments, establish a management system that conforms to the actual traffic situation in China, and provide safer expressway traffic for the people is an important topic of safety management science, which deserves in-depth study and discussion. refer to
Liu Zhiqiang. Research methods of road traffic safety. China safety science journal, 2000, 10(6)
[2] Xi grace. Highway management. Beijing: People's Communications Publishing House, 200 1.6
[3] Zhu Zhong. Guide to safe driving on expressways. Chengdu: Southwest Jiaotong University Press, 1993.438+0 1.
Traffic Safety Education Part III: How to Develop Children's Traffic Safety Education Abstract With the development of society, traffic safety injuries are becoming more and more serious. Therefore, the safety of children has always been a very important teaching task of kindergartens and the basis of education and teaching activities. Because children are young, curious and lack of life experience, they often do some dangerous actions and things, lacking safety awareness, not to mention traffic safety. Therefore, we should pay more attention to children's safety awareness education, improve children's self-protection ability, nip in the bud, and avoid or reduce traffic accidents.
Early childhood education; Traffic safety; practical activity
Judging from the traffic accident casualties in recent years, uncivilized traffic behaviors such as riding a bicycle, crossing the road, not taking the crosswalk, walking at will, not obeying the traffic lights, turning around the electric car at will, not taking the non-motorized vehicle lane, and students playing in the middle of the road are the main reasons for the injuries, while the lack of supervision and education by school teachers and parents and the lack of awareness of safety education are another reason for the injuries to students. Secondly, motorists don't stop to avoid pedestrians crossing the road and compete for speeding. Here are some views on how to improve the traffic safety awareness of kindergarten students.
First, students are prone to traffic accidents.
There are many reasons why students are prone to traffic accidents. Subjectively, students are lively and active, have poor traffic safety awareness, laugh and fight on the road, chase each other and even cross the road. Objectively speaking, there are mainly the following aspects:
First of all, from the geographical location of schools, most schools are located on the roadside, and some schools are located in narrow hutongs. The narrow hutongs are crowded with students going to and from school, and the roads are crowded. Some students have to cross several roads to go to school and go home, so the traffic safety of students has become a prominent problem in schools.
Secondly, from the school's educational goal, traffic safety only accounts for a small part of the school's educational goal. Moreover, traffic accidents often occur outside the school, which has little impact on the school, and the school has no direct responsibility for the accident. Therefore, schools pay far less attention to traffic safety education, and teachers do not systematically educate students on traffic safety, which leads to students' incomplete traffic safety knowledge and weak traffic safety awareness.
Therefore, the main reasons for frequent traffic accidents among students are that motorists don't obey traffic laws and regulations, schools ignore traffic safety, and kindergarten students acquire scattered and unsystematic traffic safety knowledge, which is also one of the important reasons for frequent traffic accidents.
Second, how to educate children about traffic safety
According to the laws and regulations on road traffic safety, we adhere to the principle of paying equal attention to knowledge, ability and attitude when formulating educational goals, which will promote the development of children's cognition, emotion and behavior. Its general objectives: first, obey the traffic rules, cross the road and take the crosswalk, and don't jaywalk; Second, don't play and chase at highways, railways and railway crossings; Third, drive on the right side of the road and don't ride illegally.
Many children know that traffic safety has a very important relationship with their own lives. When riding, they don't stick their heads and hands out of the window and play in front of parked vehicles. And know the regular traffic sign map, know how to walk on the sidewalk, don't run around or play football on the road; My understanding of traffic safety has been greatly improved, and I know the simple common sense of separating people from cars and going their separate ways; Going upstairs and downstairs will consciously go right; Can consciously abide by the traffic rules when going out to visit activities, and initially build a traffic safety education network for kindergartens and families; Teachers' awareness of traffic safety laws and regulations can also be improved.
Third, home cooperation, * * * improve children's awareness of obeying traffic rules.
Keep communication with parents, urge parents to agree with the training requirements and educational strategies of kindergartens, and attract parents to participate in class education as much as possible. Teachers and parents should communicate more, learn from each other and cooperate at home, so that children's awareness of obeying traffic rules can be really concerned and improved. To this end, parents of children should often take their children for outdoor activities and often play parent-child games with their children, so that children can carry out free activities in a safe environment. In the usual daily teaching activities, some common sense of traffic safety is purposefully infiltrated to improve children's awareness and ability to obey traffic rules. After children's awareness and ability to obey traffic rules are improved, it will play a vital role in their healthy and smooth growth and avoiding external injuries.
Fourth, build? Trinity killer. Traffic safety education system based on
Family is the first environment for children to grow up and the cradle of their habits. Children mainly live in the family, and the influence of family life on children is very important. Mr. Tao Xingzhi once said: the fundamental meaning of education is the change of life, and life is always the same, that is, life always contains the meaning of education. Society is a school and life is an education. Therefore, children's traffic safety education needs the organic combination of kindergarten, family and community. Trinity killer. Educational model. Children's traffic safety education is generally based on games and involves many aspects. From the educational content, it includes traffic knowledge, traffic laws and regulations, traffic safety awareness and self-protection ability. From the educational form, it is necessary to integrate various resources, not only to obtain knowledge, behavior and ability from kindergartens, but also to actively participate in society and family. Therefore, to carry out traffic safety education in kindergartens, it is necessary to form an educational pattern based on kindergartens, families and society, and truly implement traffic safety education for young children.
Fifth, carry out practical activities and internalize cognition.
By combining theory with practice, parents, traffic police, kindergarten teachers and children are invited to participate in social practice activities. Firstly, a simulated traffic scene is arranged in the kindergarten, and parents are guided by the traffic police to practice traffic rules in the simulated scene. For example, which way to travel, how to cross the road, how to cross the traffic lights, what the traffic signs on the road represent, children and parents have a deeper understanding of traffic rules through simulated on-site drills. Then, under the command of the traffic police, walk correctly in the fields, which is a process in which children and parents internalize traffic rules from cognition to civilized quality. In addition, traffic safety education should be infiltrated in the creation of kindergarten environment, and various traffic safety indication signs, warning signs and prohibition signs should be posted in obvious places in kindergarten, so that parents and children can see these signs as soon as they enter kindergarten. In this way, day after day, children and parents will firmly remember these signs, which plays a good warning role for safe travel, thus avoiding many traffic accidents.
As the flower of the motherland, the healthy growth of children is related to the future of society. Therefore, it is necessary to constantly improve children's awareness and ability to obey traffic rules, strengthen traffic safety education, and enable adults and children to establish traffic safety awareness, master common sense of traffic safety, and consciously abide by traffic rules in daily life. But the effect of education is not eternal, and it is also influenced by factors such as the environment at that time. Therefore, it is a long-term, arduous and complicated task to cultivate children's self-protection ability in activities, which requires the joint efforts of kindergartens, parents and society to do better.
References:
[1] Wang. How to educate students on traffic safety? [J]。 Reading and writing, 20 13.
[2] Xu Meihua. How to educate children about traffic safety [J]. Modern educational science? Primary school teachers, 20 12
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