I'm from the Department of Economic Management. I want to write a thesis now, but I don't know how to write the opening report. Please help me, thank you ~

Format of Opening Report (General)

summary

Because the opening report is the general idea of the paper embodied in words, it doesn't need to be too long, but it should include two parts: general introduction and outline, so as to clarify the main problems of the planned research, how to study and the application of the theory.

summary

The general part of the opening report should first put forward the topic, and briefly explain the purpose of the topic, the research status, theoretical application, research methods and necessary data of related topics.

summary

The outline of the paper included in the opening report can be very thick, which is a basic framework for research ideas. It can be in the form of a whole sentence or an outline. In the opening stage, the purpose of the outline is to let people know the basic framework of the paper, and it is not necessary to be as detailed as the paper catalogue.

refer to

The opening report shall include a list of relevant references.

ask

The opening report should have a cover, with a total of not less than 4 pages. The layout format shall meet the following requirements.

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Example of opening report

Student:

First, the significance of the topic

1, theoretical significance

2. Practical significance

Second, the summary of the paper.

1, the origin and evolution of the theory

2. A summary of foreign related research.

3. Summary of domestic research.

4. My opinions on the above summary.

Third, the outline of the paper.

Foreword,

One,

1、

2、

3、

Second,

1、

2、

3、

Third,

1、

2、

3、

conclusion

Fourth, the progress of thesis writing

Outline of graduation thesis opening report

First, the cover of the opening report: the title, department, major, grade, name and tutor of the paper.

Second, the purpose, significance and research survey at home and abroad

Thirdly, the theoretical basis, research methods and research contents of this paper.

Four. Research status and possible problems

Verb (short for verb) expected result

Schedule of intransitive verbs

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Writing method of opening report

How to choose a question

What has been lingering in my mind is a question repeatedly asked by my tutor, Professor Lan Xue, during more than a year of writing the opening report of the doctoral thesis: "What is your confusion?" How many times have I answered, "My question is, why can't China's semiconductor industry develop?" Teacher Xue, with her unique implication, just laughed. I was annoyed and depressed: what's wrong with such a simple truth and such an obvious answer? !

The secret lies in the "level" of asking questions. Different from policy research reports, academic articles focus on the theoretical level and solve theoretical problems. A theory is a logical system composed of a series of premises and terms. Theories in specific fields have their specific concepts, categories and research paradigms. Only under the same concepts, perspectives and paradigms can theories talk; Only through dialogue can theory develop. Few master's and doctoral dissertations create new theories, which is of course the best, but it is difficult. Most of us have developed on the basis of existing theories, so when asking questions, we should use terms and clear logic that "experts" can understand. Look at my initial question, "Why can't China's semiconductor industry develop?" This is only an exploration of phenomena, not a theoretical proposition to be verified. My theoretical proposition is: "Is China's industrial policy process an elite-led knowledge process?" In this proposition, the three terms "policy process", "elite politics" and "pursuit of knowledge" outline the theoretical scope and perspective of the study.

Secondly, multiple-choice questions are a process of "peeling bamboo shoots". Theoretical problems are always hidden behind the complex reality, and the ability to use theoretical thinking is needed to discover theoretical problems. The training of theoretical thinking is a long-term accumulation process. However, novices need not be discouraged. Generally speaking, they can go in three steps: the first step is to define a "scope of interest", such as semiconductor industry, information industry, rural medical care, higher education system and so on. , and extensively browse relevant media reports, government documents and academic articles to find out the "crux" or "hot spot". The second step is to summarize the theoretical perspectives and theoretical tools used by researchers in the past to analyze "crux" or "hot spot", such as public finance perspective and social conflict paradigm. The third step is to investigate the feasibility of the problem, which is our own research space and feasibility. For example, can't western theories explain China's problems? Or can the same problem be explained by different theories? Or is the premise and logical deduction of the theory itself flawed? By answering these questions, we found the foothold of our own research. However, we should also pay attention to whether it is possible to complete our research within the specified time of one or two years. Is data acquisition feasible? Wait a minute.

Finally, how to state the problem? In essence, stating the problem is the process of condensing the core idea. Views should come from thinking and summarizing practical problems, rather than "cutting feet and fitting shoes" in order to establish a theory. China's political, economic and social development is full of vitality and rich scenes. How can we express it in proper terms and accurate logic? Ambitious beginners often put forward grand concepts or frameworks, but my suggestion is to narrow the scope of research as much as possible and make clear the research object, so as to clarify the internal logic of the object and ensure the completion of standardized academic papers in a limited time. For example, China Semiconductor Industry Policy Research is a very vague statement. We can narrow down the topic from several aspects: (1) Time: from 1980 to 2000; (2) Target: government rebels and decision-making behavior, not market, enterprise, governance structure, etc. (3) Perspective: elite research in politics and government theory; (4) Case: Project 908, Project 909, document 13 and electronic revitalization were two major projects and two important documents in the field of semiconductor policy during the period of 1980-2000. Through such a clear definition, we will focus on several obvious concepts such as "policy process", "elite" and "* * * knowledge", and the problem will come to the bottom. At the same time, the problem is clear, and we have clear standards when screening information and materials, which can greatly improve the research efficiency in this era of "information redundancy".

How to carry out literature review

First of all, we should distinguish between "literature review" and "background description". When we choose to study the problem, we need to know the background and context of the problem, such as "the development course of semiconductor industry in China" and "the policies and problems of foreign governments in developing semiconductor industry". These contents belong to "background description" and focus on practical problems. Strictly speaking, they are not "literature review". "Literature review" is the arrangement of academic viewpoints and theoretical methods. Secondly, literature review is critical (review is "comment"), so we should summarize and comment on the literature with the author's own critical thinking, not just "piling up" academic research in related fields. The main line of comments should be based on the question, that is, how do other scholars view and solve your questions, and whether their methods and theories are flawed? If other scholars have solved your problem perfectly, there is no need to repeat the research.

Understand the significance of literature review, now talk about how to do literature review. Although it is a responsible research attitude to collect information as widely as possible, it is easy to lead people into the quagmire of literature without standards.

Tip 1: aim at the mainstream. Mainstream literature, such as core journals, classic works, research reports of full-time departments, opinions and discussions of important compounds, etc. , is a "compulsory course" for literature review. Most of the related reports or comments in the mass media, though somewhat valuable, can be simplified due to the limited time and energy. How to find out the mainstream in this field? It is suggested to start with the following aspects: first, Chinese and foreign academic journals in the library should "follow the trail" after finding one or two "classic" articles and pay attention to references. High-quality academic articles usually do not ignore the mainstream and classic literature in this field. Secondly, we can find some early classic documents by using China periodical network, foreign periodical database retrieval and foreign back issue reading room of school library. Third, the national library. Some social science books published in the 1970s and 1980s or even earlier are often not collected by school libraries, but there are quite a few national maps (all books published in China must be submitted to the National Library). In addition, the national map also contains many foreign books about China's politics and government, which can be easily found on the Internet.

Tip 2: organize at any time, such as classifying documents, recording document information and collection locations. It takes a long time to write a doctoral thesis. Some documents may not be used at that time, but they can't be found afterwards, so sometimes they need to be recorded. Servant Luo has accumulated a list of books to study the policy process in China, specifically recording the book classification number and collection place. At the same time, for particularly important documents, you might as well make a reading note and extract important viewpoints and expositions. In this way, one step at a time, when I really started writing my thesis, I accumulated a lot of "dry goods" that I could enjoy at any time.

Tip 3: Organize the literature review according to the problems. After reading some documents, we have a strong desire to state everything we see, like "spill the beans from the bamboo tube", which is magnificent and spectacular. It seems that I must prove to the readers that I have worked hard. I wrote a literature review of hundreds of thousands of words, and later found that only a few thousand words were really meaningful. Literary criticism is like opening a path in the jungle of literature. This road is intended to point to the problem we want to solve. Of course, the straight line distance is the shortest and the most convenient. However, there are many scenery along the way, and people who are obsessed with scenery often bypass the winding jungle. On the other hand, "flowers are getting lost" and "winding paths lead to seclusion" are nowhere to be found. Therefore, when doing literature review, we should always keep a clear head: what problems I want to solve, how others solve them, and whether what I said makes sense.

How to write an opening report

The problem is clear, the literature review is done, and the opening report is ready. The same is true, a clear question often implies the basic conclusion of the paper; Comments on the shortcomings of the existing literature also basically suggest the direction of improvement. The opening report is to clearly show the logical reasoning of these implied conclusions and argumentation conclusions.

The purpose of writing the opening report is to ask teachers and experts to help us judge whether this problem has research value, whether this research method is possible, and whether this argument logic has obvious defects. Therefore, the main contents of the opening report should be carried out in the following aspects: research purpose and significance, literature review and theoretical space, basic arguments and research methods, data collection methods and work steps. Among them, "basic arguments and research methods" is the focus. Many people often spend a lot of ink on literature review, but when it comes to their own research methods, they just say a few words and pass by. In this case, how does the judging teacher judge your research prospects? How to give practical guidance and suggestions on your own research methods?

The research methods of different topics are quite different. A rigorous and standardized academic research must be supported by rigorous and standardized methods. In the daily teaching of doctoral courses, some teachers are committed to teaching research methods; Others emphasized the problem of methodology. All these are beneficial for each of us to improve our understanding, understanding, selection and application of research methods and put them into practice in our own thesis work.

Opening Report (Style)

Subject name:

Last name: grade: class:

Achievement Form: Completion Time: Instructor:

First, the purpose and significance of the study

Second, the main content of the study

1、 2、 3、 4、 5、

Third, the main research methods and means

1、2、3、4、

Fourth, the steps of implementation

1、2、3、4、5、6、7、

Table1-1Initial Report (tabular form)