This paper first analyzes the problems existing in the electrical energy-saving design of water conservancy projects, and then discusses the main points of its energy-saving design from many aspects. This paper puts forward my own views and opinions here for reference by peers.

I. Introduction

Water conservancy projects generally have the functions of flood control irrigation, dredging navigation and power generation, and shoulder the heavy responsibility of ensuring people's lives and property safety and creating economic benefits. However, there are still many problems in water conservancy electrical design, and it is necessary to analyze the key points of energy-saving design from many aspects to ensure the normal operation of water conservancy projects.

Second, the problems existing in the electrical energy-saving design of water conservancy projects

1, energy-saving products lag behind.

As far as China's current basic situation is concerned, a lot of money is often needed in the construction of water conservancy projects. Due to the lack of capital investment and management, the product standard has been lowered in the actual procurement and installation process. These products can not only save energy, but also consume more electricity than ordinary energy-saving materials.

2. Relevant rules and regulations need to be improved.

In the process of electrical energy-saving design of water conservancy projects, there are usually documents with insufficient standardization and poor unity, and the supporting systems and regulations are also lacking in necessary perfection.

3. The designer's understanding is not enough.

A considerable number of water conservancy project designers only pay attention to the needs and interests of construction in the process of engineering design, but do not pay attention to the urgent demand of other surrounding factors for electrical energy saving, which brings inconvenience to farmland, personnel and enterprises around the completed water conservancy project.

Three, water conservancy project electrical energy-saving design points

1, power supply and distribution system

In the process of energy-saving design of power supply and distribution system in water conservancy projects, the power supply and distribution system should be designed reasonably and scientifically according to its distribution characteristics, load capacity, load grade and the performance of electrical equipment, so as to minimize the loss of power supply and distribution system in operation and ensure the power supply and distribution system to operate in the most ideal state, thus ensuring the efficient and economical operation of the power supply and distribution system and achieving the ultimate goal of energy saving and consumption reduction. Therefore, in the design of power supply and distribution system, the following factors should be fully considered:

Firstly, the capacity and quantity of transformers are selected scientifically according to the power load, and the transformers are connected according to the principle of economic operation;

Secondly, the power supply and distribution system must be reliable and simple, reduce the power loss caused by excessive voltage level as much as possible, and choose energy-saving power transformation and distribution devices according to the characteristics of concentrated load distribution;

Thirdly, the location of the substation should be as close as possible to the load center, the power supply network layout should be reasonable, and the low-voltage power supply radius should be controlled within a reasonable range.

2. Reasonable selection and arrangement of power equipment

Choosing reasonable power equipment is the key factor to ensure the realization of energy saving. At present, the selection principles of energy-saving power equipment mainly include:

(1) Choose environmental protection and energy-saving power equipment to fundamentally solve the energy-saving problem.

In the electrical energy-saving design of water conservancy projects, it is most necessary to choose electromechanical equipment including transformers and motors. In the transmission link, choosing a suitable transformer is a good energy-saving method. Traditional transformers will waste a lot of electric energy in power transmission. Therefore, it is particularly important to choose energy-saving transformers. Compared with traditional transformers, energy-saving transformers not only save energy, but also improve no-load loss and noise.

For motors and other equipment, high-efficiency motors are needed to reduce power load and reactive power consumption and play an energy-saving role. In addition, it is also important to choose the starting mode of the motor reasonably.

(2) Reasonably arrange the power equipment, and simplify the arrangement steps as much as possible without affecting the quality of energy saving. A good location can also effectively reduce the energy consumption of power equipment. When arranging, put the power equipment that needs heat dissipation in a well-ventilated position, or install air conditioners and insulation walls indoors, which can reduce the energy loss caused by equipment heating.

3. Lighting energy-saving design

(1) Efficient light source shall be selected for lighting design.

The lighting source should be selected with high light efficiency, good color rendering, long service life, reliable start-up, convenience and quickness.

Efficient light source with high cost performance. According to different workplaces, choosing appropriate high-efficiency light sources can reduce power consumption and save energy. It is suggested to select the light source according to the following aspects:

First, the use of fluorescent lamps in places with low installation height, including straight fluorescent lamps and compact fluorescent lamps, has the advantages of high luminous efficiency, long service life and good color rendering. But the former has higher light efficiency, longer service life, higher luminous flux maintenance efficiency and better cost performance than the latter. Therefore, except where there are decorative requirements, in general, straight fluorescent lamps should be used, and T5 thin tubes are recommended.

Secondly, metal halide lamps or medium-color high-pressure sodium lamps can be used in places where lamps are installed at a high height. Ceramic metal halide lamps can be used in places with high color development requirements; For industrial sites without color development requirements, high-pressure sodium lamps with high luminous efficiency and longer service life can be used.

Third, high-frequency electrodeless fluorescent lamps should be used in places with high installation height and difficult maintenance. Its important feature is long service life.

Fourthly, fluorescent high-pressure mercury lamps should not be used. Metal halide lamp is developed on the basis of mercury lamp, its efficiency is about 60% higher than that of mercury lamp (taking 400W as an example), its color rendering index is high and its service life is longer.

Fifth, the application of thermal radiation light sources (incandescent lamps and tungsten halogen lamps for general lighting) is limited, and its advantages are good color rendering, fast start-up and easy dimming. However, due to its low light efficiency and short life, it is best to limit its use. (2) The lighting energy-saving design should advocate green lighting.

Green lighting is not only energy-saving lighting, but also conducive to improving people's production, work, study efficiency and quality of life, and achieving the purpose of energy conservation and environmental protection on the basis of protecting physical and mental health. Therefore, in the lighting design of water conservancy projects, the functions of building projects should be met to the maximum extent, and the lighting of water conservancy projects should not only pay attention to the physical characteristics of light.

4. Reasonable selection of power supply scheme

Energy-saving design in water conservancy projects should not only choose reasonable equipment, but also choose reasonable power supply scheme. Reasonable power supply scheme can make electrical equipment run in the best operation mode, which is also an important part of energy-saving design. So what basic principles should a reasonable power supply scheme meet?

(1) The system needs to be simple and reliable to prevent too many substations from being connected in series to generate a lot of energy consumption.

(2) Choose the capacity and number of transformers reasonably according to the actual situation, adjust the load frequency of transformers, make the wiring adapt to the load change, and switch transformers reasonably according to the principle of energy saving, thus reducing consumption. On the premise of meeting the safety requirements of technical indicators, select a reasonable cable section according to the principle of economy and energy saving to reduce the loss.

(3) The standard range should be determined according to the actual situation to avoid unnecessary energy waste caused by too many power supply radii.

(4) Use local compensation

Due to the limitation of geographical conditions, most water conservancy projects choose pumps with low lift and large flow and large pumps with low rotation speed.

Asynchronous motor. Because the power of this kind of motor is small, there is a certain gap with the requirements of power supply units, and power compensation is needed. Our usual practice is centralized compensation. In the design of hydraulic engineering, the local compensation technology is generally adopted, that is, the motor is connected in parallel with the compensation capacitor cabinet, and the explosion-proof capacitor is connected in series with the reactor to reduce the current impact.

(5) Reasonable selection of cables and wires

On the premise of meeting the technical indexes such as allowable current carrying capacity and operating voltage loss, the conductor section is reasonably selected according to the economic current density, and it is comprehensively measured from the aspects of reducing power loss, reducing investment and saving non-ferrous metals.

(6) Improve the power of power supply system. If the natural state cannot meet the access requirements, power compensation must be carried out to reduce the line loss. In addition, in the process of formulating the energy-saving plan, it is necessary to constantly adjust and optimize the whole implementation plan according to other comprehensive requirements, not just focusing on a certain point, but also following the design outline of "comprehensive adjustment and overall energy saving".

Four. Concluding remarks

To sum up, the potential of energy-saving design in water conservancy projects is unlimited, and energy-saving design can run through the scientific research, design, construction, construction and later maintenance stages of the whole water conservancy company. In energy-saving design, it should be noted that electrical designers should first focus on electrical energy-saving, always keep their responsibilities in mind, constantly optimize their own schemes in energy-saving design, and comprehensively consider the principles of safety, reliability and economy to choose a scheme that can meet the engineering requirements and save energy to the maximum extent.

;