Fast reading skills in CET-4.

Reading skills of CET-4.

First, the details

The way of asking questions about details is flexible, and the object involves various specific details of the paragraph, such as time, place, reason, result, way and so on. A common feature of such questions is that the answers can generally be found directly in the article. But sometimes in order to increase the difficulty of the topic, the questioner will deliberately avoid the words used in the text and use synonyms of these words. In this case, candidates need to locate the relevant sources in the text according to the details involved in the question, and then compare the options to answer.

Propositional law

1. Enumeration offices are often tested. Enumeration refers to the parts where coordinate words are located, such as first, ..., second, ..., third, .... Ask candidates to choose the answers that meet the requirements of the questions from the listed contents. Enumeration sometimes uses sentence arrangement instead of numerical sorting.

2. Examples and metaphors often appear. In order to make his point of view more convincing and clear, the author often demonstrates it with concrete examples or figurative sentences. These examples or metaphors often become test sites, so candidates should pay attention to the signs that lead to examples or metaphors. There are many such words, such as, for example, an appropriate example and so on.

3. (indicative) pronouns often appear. This type of question is often used to test whether candidates really understand the relationship and meaning between contextual sentences.

Quoting people's judgment is often tested. In order to express their views correctly or make their arguments more reliable, authors often quote the conclusions of some authoritative people or adopt their important findings. Proponents often make a fuss here.

5. The content after special punctuation marks is often tested. Because the content after special punctuation marks is often a further explanation and explanation of the previous content, the proposer often questions the content after these punctuation marks. Specifically, the special punctuation marks are: dash (table explanation), bracket (table explanation), colon (table explanation) and quotation mark (table reference).

Answering skills

1. If the questions are examples, celebrity quotations and special punctuation marks, candidates can just look at the sentence content, celebrity speeches and special punctuation marks before and after the examples, and then sit in the right position with the options.

2. If the topic is only aimed at the content of a certain paragraph and there is not enough time to answer it, candidates can only read the content of the paragraph instead of waiting to read all the articles.

3. In the answer options, copying or seemingly copying the original text is generally not an answer item, while the synonym replacement option is generally an answer.

4. In the alternative, it is generally not the answer item that expresses the specific meaning or the literal meaning on the surface, but the answer item with general, abstract and profound meaning.

5. The answer may be that the alternative content is quite different from the other three.

6. There are absolute modal particles in the alternatives, which are generally not the answers. These modal particles are: must, always, never, most, all, only, have to, any, no, complete, nothing, Hardy and so on. However, if there are uncertain modal particles in the options, they are generally the answer items. These modal particles include possible, possible, frequent, should, universal, possible, most, more or less, relative, like, possible, unnecessary and so on.

7. (Especially in argumentative writing) Those options that are in line with common sense are profound in philosophy and conform to general laws. Options that are common phenomena are often answers.

8. Disturbance item characteristics of detailed questions: (1) is opposite to the original sentence; (2) Half of the original content is the same and half is different; (3) Similar to the original sentence but too absolute; (4) It is not mentioned at all in the original text. Correctly grasping the characteristics of these interference items is helpful for candidates to eliminate interference items and make correct choices.

Second, the inference question

Inference questions require candidates to infer and judge according to the information they have obtained from the text. It requires candidates not only to master the literal meaning expressed in the article, but also to have certain logical judgment ability to infer deeper meaning from the surface of the article.

The answers to these questions generally do not appear directly in the text of the article, and the surface of the text often does not clearly reflect the author's all intentions. Some meanings need to be understood between the lines, judged by their own logical reasoning ability, and analyzed by the coherence of the context and the hints of the relevant parts of the article. What is common in this kind of questions is mainly the judgment of reasons, results, viewpoints and positions. It is particularly important to point out that when doing this kind of questions, we must grasp the key to the problem, closely focus on the original text, and never deviate from the original text and make unfounded inferences based on subjective assumptions.

Questioning method

1. Judge and reason about the content and structure of the article:

From the article, we can draw the conclusion of _ _ _ _ _.

Hint/indicate/suggest _ _ _ _ _.

What conclusions can be drawn from the article?

It can be inferred/concluded from the article that it is _ _ _ _ _.

What is the paragraph before/after this paragraph about?

From this paragraph we can infer _ _ _ _ _.

The conclusion of this report seems to be _ _ _ _ _.

Paragraph ... means _ _ _ _ _.

What the author implies but does not explain is _ _ _ _ _.

2. Judge and reason according to the author's point of view, attitude and tone. (This part is listed separately as a question of views and attitudes).

Propositional law

1. Comprehensive inference judgment questions often revolve around the full text. It is required to summarize the topic sentences in the beginning, end and paragraph, and infer the theme of the full text from them.

2. Comprehensive inference and judgment questions can also be carried out around several paragraphs of the article, requiring inference and judgment on the relationship between paragraphs.

3. Support the details of the topic. These details can be expressed in various forms, such as enumeration, example, experimental demonstration, character judgment and so on. And ask candidates to judge and reason about this part.

At the beginning of an article or a paragraph, especially at the end of the article, you often do a test.

5. Always inspect semantic turning points.

Answering skills

1. If you need to judge and reason about a paragraph, you only need to look at the paragraph that the stem asks for an answer.

2. The wording of the option is too absolute, which is generally not the answer.

3. Common-sense, meaningful, or common-sense options are generally answers, and plagiarism or literal translation of the original text is not an answer.

4. Find out the meaning of the theme. When dealing with questions related to the theme of the full text, or inferences related to the beginning and end of the article, you must slow down and read the meaning of each paragraph, especially the beginning and end of the full text, and then read other parts quickly.

5. The characteristics of the interference item in the inference question: (1) Reasoning according to the article facts or context (sentence) logic, but not related to the topic; (2) Although reasoning is based on the facts or internal logic provided by the article, it is too inferential and too general.

Third, the main topic

The topic mainly tests the examinee's ability to understand the whole article. When answering questions, the most effective way is to carefully find and study the topic sentences of the article. Topic sentences usually appear in important positions, such as the beginning or end of an article. If an article contains multiple paragraphs, generally speaking, the first sentence of each natural paragraph is also the topic sentence of that paragraph. The content outside the topic sentence in the article is generally explanation, supplementary explanation or enumeration of facts. In addition, the theme of some reading materials is not very clear, so it is necessary to read through the whole text and grasp the main arguments or topics to summarize the central idea. It should be noted that when summarizing the central idea, we should start from the actual content of the article and make judgments, inferences and induction on the basis of facts.

According to the different content of the question, this kind of question can be divided into theme type, title type and purpose type. Topic type is to find the main idea at a glance, title type is to choose the title for the article, and purpose type is to infer the author's writing purpose.

Questioning method

What is the central idea/theme of this article?

What does this article mainly focus on?

The gist of this passage is _ _ _ _ _.

The main point of this article is _ _ _ _ _.

Which of the following is the best title of this article?

The title that best expresses the theme of the article is _ _ _ _ _.

Which of the following topics is most likely to be found in textbooks?

Which of the following best describes the whole article?

The author's purpose in writing this article is _ _ _ _ _.

Propositional law

1. Textual research on the sentences at the beginning and end of a paragraph. Generally speaking, the first sentence of the first paragraph or the last sentence of the last paragraph is often the expression of the central idea of the article; Sometimes the sentences at the beginning and end of a paragraph are the topic sentences of the paragraph. Therefore, proposers often give questions in these places.

2. Special punctuation marks, especially the content after the special symbol at the beginning of a paragraph, often express the author's argument and explain the theme of the full text, so it becomes the key examination content.

3. Semantic turning, especially at the beginning of a paragraph, is often the test center. Because the content behind the turning point is often the author's real writing purpose or basic point of view, which is the central idea of the article.

4. Causal sentences are often tested. Causal sentences can also indicate the author's purpose, viewpoint or the theme of the article, so they can be used as test sites. Words expressing causality include: because, since, because, as, there, inevitably, leading to, originating from and so on. Sometimes the author will ask questions first (why ...? ) and then give the answer to explain the topic of the article.

Answering skills

1. When time is tight, read only the first and last paragraphs, and the answer is probably in these paragraphs.

2. When reading, pay attention to words with high frequency, which may be keywords with central ideas. These keywords may be the same word that appears many times, or they may be similar words throughout the whole text.

3. From the content of the options alone, those options that summarize the full text, are comprehensive, meaningful and explain the truth are generally the answer items, while the one-sided and single content in the options should be excluded.

4. The characteristics of the main topic interference item: (1) is only local information, or a sentence that has never been said, or the main content of a paragraph; (2) The scope of generalization is too broad, the content of the article is too general, the content contained exceeds or exceeds the content elaborated in the article, or this option has no specific content; (3) Irrelevant information, that is, information that is not mentioned in the article or has no language foundation.

Fourthly, semantic issues.

Semantic problem is a problem about a new word or phrase (sentence). Generally speaking, candidates need to know or infer synonyms or extended meanings of birth words or another expression of phrases (sentences). It is a common question in CET-4.

Questioning method

According to the author, the word "…" means _ _ _ _ _ _ _.

Which of the following is closest to "_ _" in meaning?

The word "…" had better be replaced by _ _ _ _ _ in paragraph ...

What does "_ _" mean ..., paragraph ...)?

As used in the production line ..., the word "..." means _ _ _ _ _.

Propositional law

1. In sentences containing demonstrative pronouns, there are often words or phrases to be investigated.

2. In a specific environment, words with semantic function of reference context, especially nouns, often become the object of investigation.

3. Common polysemous words and phrases are easy to test. Some words are ambiguous, so candidates are required to understand the exact meaning of words through reading. When you accumulate vocabulary at ordinary times, you must master all the meanings within the scope stipulated in the outline, so that you can be sure.

4. The comparison office often takes exams. This kind of question aims to test whether candidates can guess the meaning of a word from a more meaningful context.

5. Test complex sentences frequently. Complex sentences are often used to test the comprehension ability of candidates because of their complex sentence structure and complex referential relationship between sentences.

Answering skills

1. Look at the relationship between the vocabulary tested and the theme of the whole article. Generally, it is closely related, and the items that meet the theme are the answers.

2. Judge the meaning of the tested word through the relationship expressed by conjunctions (such as and, or, etc.). ). Generally speaking, the content of and connection is close or progressive in meaning, while the content of or connection is often opposite in meaning, but sometimes the content after or is a further explanation and explanation of the previous content. Of course, other signal words that express progressive, turning, causal and other relations can also be used to assist in judging the meaning of words.

3. The meaning of the option is similar to that of the tested word, which is generally not an answer item.

4. Judge the meaning of the tested word by modifying and limiting its components. This kind of modifier and qualifier can take many forms, which can be attributes, other modifiers, the contents behind special punctuation marks, and even examples and definitions of subordinate words. Through these expressions, we can understand the meaning of the tested words from the side.

5. If the options are comprehensive and general, they are generally the answers.

Five viewpoints and attitudes

In reading comprehension, we often ask the author's attitude towards a certain problem in the article, the tone of the full text, the judgment of the content before and after the article and so on. This kind of problem can be collectively referred to as the problem of viewpoint and attitude.

The answer to the question of views and attitudes should start from the genre of the text. Generally speaking, the author's attitude in expository writing is objective or neutral. In argumentative writing, the author's views will be varied.

Questioning method

What is the author's attitude towards ...?

What is the keynote of this article?

The author's view is _ _ _ _ _.

The author's attitude towards this passage is obviously _ _ _ _ _.

How does the author feel about ...?

Propositional law

1. An overview of the central idea of the article. The central idea of the article is closely related to the author's viewpoint and attitude. Sometimes, to do a topic of viewpoint and attitude, you need to read through the whole text, analyze the author's thoughts and grasp the context of the article, so as to correctly understand the author's thoughts and attitudes.

2. The author puts forward opinions and always examines them. This mainly appears in argumentative essays. In argumentative writing, the author's idea is generally to put forward a certain point of view, then support the argument, and finally draw a conclusion consistent with the point of view. Therefore, if you understand the author's point of view, you can grasp the author's basic thoughts and attitudes, so this kind of content naturally becomes the test site for the viewpoint and attitude questions.

3. Always test semantic turning or strong contrast. Semantic turning or strong contrast often marks the key content of the article to be proposed by the author, shows his basic views and naturally reflects his views and attitudes, so the author will focus on this topic.

4. There are complex sentences, special sentences or sentence patterns in the article. The author's views and attitudes are often implied in complex sentences (especially the master-slave complex sentences that express conditions or concessions). Moreover, special sentence patterns (such as not ... but ... and so on). ) or special sentence patterns (such as emphasizing sentence patterns) and subjunctive mood also remind candidates of the importance of content in a way different from general declarative sentences. Naturally, the content is generally closely related to the author's views and attitudes.

Answering skills

1. When reading, you should distinguish the style of the article. In argumentative writing, the central sentence of the article generally implies the author's attitude; Because of the objectivity of its genre, the author's attitude is often neutral. In narratives, because the opinions of articles are often not directly put forward, the author often has a certain tendency in writing, so candidates are required to carefully capture words or phrases that express or imply emotional attitudes and those that set off the atmosphere and render emotions when reading articles of this style.

2. For the comprehensive judgment of emotional attitude, it is necessary to analyze the general idea of the paragraph, analyze the trend of the article and understand the central idea of the article in order to judge the author's emotional attitude.

3. Be able to distinguish different viewpoints, especially to find out the author's viewpoint. Candidates should pay attention to the views in direct speech and indirect speech (usually the speaker's views rather than the author's). The author's views are generally expressed in my opinion, in my opinion, personally think, I think, I hold, etc.

4. For the options, we should distinguish the commendatory words, neutral words and derogatory words in the options, so as to compare the full text.

1) Words expressing praise generally include:

Actively support and praise.

Optimistic, optimistic, envious, envious and interesting

Humorous, serious and enthusiastic

Pleasant, cheerful, polite and concerned

Calm and composed

2) Neutral words generally include:

Not interested, indifferent, indifferent

Neutral, neutral, subjective, objective, objective, objective

Large amount of information, large amount of information, impartiality and indifference

Impersonal