Paper Keywords: football; Physical training; Aerobic endurance training; Anaerobic endurance training

By using the methods of literature, this paper analyzes the energy supply characteristics of football, analyzes the composition of the physical fitness level of football players, and discusses the physical fitness training methods in line with football.

The training of football players includes technical, tactical, physical and psychological training. Among them, physical training is the basis of technical and tactical training. To carry out targeted physical training for athletes, we must first understand the project characteristics and sports characteristics. Football match has the characteristics of fierce confrontation, quick transition between attack and defense, and long duration. The actions of football players can be divided into six basic forms: walking, jogging, middle-speed running, sprinting, running with the ball and running backwards. However, the alternation of these six sports forms produces different intensity of sports time and interval time, and it is necessary to complete various football technical movements at different sports distances.

1. Energy supply characteristics of football.

According to statistics, in a high-level football match, the total distance of athletes' activities on the field is 8706- 14274 m, and they have to sprint about 200 times. At the same time, we have to complete a lot of explosive movements, among which walking accounts for 26.3%, jogging accounts for 44.6% and sprinting accounts for 18.9%. "The direct source of energy is adenosine triphosphate. The ultimate energy source of muscle activity is the aerobic oxidation of substances. " ATP is provided by three different energy sources. Firstly, the phosphorus source energy supply system is started, and then the lactic acid source energy supply system and the aerobic oxidation function system are started. "So football has different requirements for the three energy supply systems, and it is a mixed exercise of anaerobic metabolism and aerobic metabolism." Most of the energy of football is provided by ATP-CP system. But the production of anaerobic energy is also very important, which is the need of high-intensity exercise. In the competition, the first-class athletes have to sprint more than 200 times in 3s, which is the energy provided by anaerobic system. "In football, the concentration of lactic acid is different from some track and field events, and the intensity of glycolysis is low, focusing on aerobic energy supply and non-lactic anaerobic energy supply." Therefore, the energy supply in football matches is more concentrated in aerobic and non-lactic anaerobic energy supply and anaerobic glycolysis ability.

2. Current physical training methods of football players

Athletes' physical training should be combined with special training. In normal training, it is not necessary to emphasize the requirements of physical fitness test blindly, but to arrange athletes' training reasonably and effectively, and to solve the relationship between general physical fitness training and special physical fitness training, physical fitness training and technical and tactical training, and physical fitness training and competition. It is generally believed that physical training is a preparation period to restore and promote athletes' physical condition or to meet the needs of competition. To keep athletes in the best physiological state, athletes are required to carry out general physical training consciously, for a long time and continuously. Instead of taking general physical training as the main content of class, the requirements of physical training run through the whole training process of technical and tactical training classes. "This will make athletes not feel boring and can achieve the purpose of exercising." The specific measures are: in the process of arranging technical training, adopt the method of circular practice, emphasize the quantity and quality of athletes' practice in unit time, reduce the rest time between practice groups, adopt the method of unequal interval or completing a certain number of technical and tactical organizations in the case of simulating competition confrontation, and "adopt the method of confrontation in different situations" to extend the practice time and control the practice quality. Therefore, in the process of technical and tactical training, the same effect has been achieved.

With the development of modern football, there are four main methods to control the strength of football players' general endurance and special endurance, which are divided into continuous method, intermittent method, repetition method and competition method. The energy metabolism of modern football players is characterized by alternating energy supply of sugar and fat, and alternating activities of fast muscle and slow muscle fibers. Studies have proved that the decisive limiting factor of football players' physical fitness at present is not the athletes' cardiopulmonary function, but the athletes' muscle endurance level, especially the muscle anaerobic endurance level. Therefore, it is particularly important to develop the anaerobic endurance level of football players' muscles to improve their physical fitness.

2. 1 aerobic endurance training

In aerobic endurance training, we should pay attention to the appropriate intensity. At present, anaerobic threshold is used as the standard of exercise biochemistry, that is, the critical point of anaerobic energy is used as the intensity index from aerobic energy supply. This aerobic and anaerobic mixed metabolism zone refers to the effective distinction between aerobic metabolism and anaerobic metabolism, with "heart rate not less than 150 beats per minute as the basic intensity standard", which is very effective in improving the maximum aerobic capacity of endurance events.

Continuous load method: "The continuous load method is the main method to develop aerobic endurance, and there is no interval". The loading time should not be less than 30 minutes. For athletes with a certain training level, the load time can reach 60- 100 min.

Repeated training method: "you can develop special events or competition ability while developing aerobic endurance, and the load intensity is relatively large." After each exercise is fully recovered, repeat it. "

Altitude training: "Altitude training is training under anoxic conditions. Due to the stress of the body under hypoxia, it can promote the improvement of red blood cells and heme, and blood lactic acid can reach the level that plain training can't, thus improving the anaerobic glycolysis ability and acid resistance of the body. "

Alternate running training: "Three groups of athletes alternate running back and forth within the same distance, such as Group A and Group B on one side and Group C on the other. In practice, the athletes in Group A started to run to the side of Group C. When Group A ran to the side of Group C, Group C ran to the side where Group B was located. Then, group C arrived, and group B quickly ran to the edge of group A, taking turns running alternately. The distance can be set to 30-60m. The practice time can be controlled at 20-30 min, and the maximum oxygen uptake of athletes can be improved by alternating running exercises. "

2.2 anaerobic endurance training

Because of the need of attack and defense tactics, football players often sprint repeatedly in a short time, which requires a higher level of anaerobic endurance. Anaerobic endurance training should also pay attention to the following points:

Anaerobic endurance training must ensure that athletes have a high lactic acid value in activities. To this end, great intensity and necessary duration are essential. Generally speaking, the duration of each activity should be greater than 10s and less than 1min. If the time is too short, the main development is that the energy supply system in phosphorus is too long, and aerobic endurance training will be formed due to the decrease of intensity.

Intermittent training is an effective way to develop anaerobic endurance in football today. When using this method, mastering reasonable interval time is the decisive factor of training benefit. When the interval is too long, the blood lactic acid value will decrease with the extension of rest time, forming the main quality of development speed. Therefore, it is the fundamental guarantee to realize anaerobic endurance training to arrange appropriate interval time according to the training level of athletes and ensure that the body is always in a state of high lactate value.

With the improvement of anaerobic endurance quality of athletes, in order to continuously improve the training level, coaches should adjust training methods in time, such as keeping interval time, extending practice time, or keeping interval time and shortening interval time.

Anaerobic endurance training is a high-intensity activity. Athletes need to prepare for activities before practice, and take an active rest at halftime to avoid difficulty in returning blood and syncope after suddenly stopping high-intensity activities. Anaerobic endurance training adopts interval training method, based on the production of lactic acid value. Any interval training method can be used in practice as long as it can meet the requirements of this basic criterion.

References:

Qin Zhihui. Discussion on some problems of endurance training for football players. Beijing Sport University. 2002.25: 136-6438+038

Geng Jianhua. Structure analysis and training countermeasures of physical training for China football players at present. Wuhan Institute of Physical Education. 2004.38: 1 1 1- 1 13。

Chen Ming. Physical training and fatigue elimination of football players. Beijing Sport University. 2006-208.

Liu Fuli, Zhou Yi. Analysis of the structure system and its constituent factors of professional football team's training means. Guangzhou Institute of Physical Education.