1, people-oriented.
As an urban residential area, the first thing to understand is the requirements of residents in the residential area, that is, living.
The greening and beautification of residential areas should consider the requirements of residents' life and leisure to the maximum extent. The improvement of the quality of life demanded by modern people revolves around material life and spiritual life. Today, when material life is satisfied and spiritual life is gradually enriched, people will pursue a healthier and more friendly environment.
In the greening of residential areas, we should not only consider the elements of beauty, but also fully consider the needs of the main people in residential areas. Only by understanding this demand, and then starting from this demand, we can design and carry out the necessary beauty treatment, so as to achieve the effect of satisfying the residents.
For a residential district design that can meet the practical and aesthetic principles, we should take the idea of "people-oriented" as the ideological basis, people-oriented, comprehensively consider from the orientation of people, and at the same time achieve harmony between man and nature. The harmonious development between man and nature is a trend of urban development today, which is correct now and for a long time to come.
2. Adhere to the development direction of "sustainable development" of ecological gardens.
Since18th century, all countries in the world have taken the degree of industrialization as the standard to measure their economic strength.
That is, "the pursuit of gdp growth is the only goal and motive force for building a strong country." Under the guidance of these concepts, human beings have caused endless damage to nature. However, mankind soon saw its negative impact on the world, and the Declaration on Human Environment was adopted in 1972.
1982 "Our Common Future" clearly put forward the concept of sustainable development for the first time: "It not only meets the needs of contemporary people, but also does not damage the development of future generations' ability to meet needs. The theory of "sustainable development" has attracted great attention from all walks of life, and the direct manifestation of guiding the greening of urban residential areas is the emergence of green landscape in ecological residential areas.
According to the principles and methods of landscape ecology, rationally plan the spatial structure, so that the number and spatial distribution of landscape elements such as corridors, inlays and substrates are reasonable, and information flow, logistics and energy can communicate smoothly; Landscape not only conforms to ecological principles, but also has certain aesthetic value, which is suitable for human settlements.
3. Health concept of residential area
In 20xx, Zero Research Company made a market survey in China: "What do you want most?
More than 70% of the respondents chose "health". It can be seen that modern people pay more attention to health than ever. According to the World Health Organization's definition of health: "Health means that people are in a completely good state physically, mentally and socially." At present, it is difficult to keep healthy under the huge work pressure, monotonous life content and complicated interpersonal relationship.
Therefore, designers who attach importance to environmental issues should strive to create a living environment more suitable for modern people, get out of the simple pursuit of artistic form and vision, and pay attention to the regulatory role of ecology on people's body and mind. Introduce nature into residential areas and every resident, and provide a good living environment for people through comprehensive consideration, scientific demonstration and reasonable planning with the theories of landscape, behavior, ecology and aesthetics.
Second, the space problem of greening in modern residential areas
1, make full use of space to expand the green area.
In the process of community greening, the standard of green area is stipulated. The greening rate of community greening should be above 35%, while the greening rate of green space itself should be above 70%. In other words, the hard landscape in green space, including roads, floors, architectural sketches, fountains, sculptures, etc., can only be controlled within 30%, and the smaller the number, the better. Although the greening quality of a residential area can not be reflected by simple figures, designers must seriously think about it in order to have more greening area.
The management mechanism of parking facilities in residential quarters is chaotic, the division of labor is unclear, there is a lack of coordination, and the management methods are backward. At present, the management of parking lots in most residential quarters is combined with property, and the property managers are responsible for the management and maintenance of parking lots in residential quarters, which makes the management of parking lots in residential quarters basically in the manual stage. Due to the lack of relevant professional knowledge of parking management, the management work is quite chaotic. Taking the parking planning of a residential area in Kunming as an example, this paper discusses the parking planning of residential areas.
1。 Planning background
The community is located in the southwest of Kunming, south of Guangfu Road and north of Fukang Road. The total area of the whole plot is 55 mu, and the net land area is 4 1. 15 mu. This residential area is a part of the reconstruction plan of the village in Kunming Qianwei No.20 plot. It is mainly developed as residential land and undertakes some commercial and office functions.
2。 Basic principles of parking facilities layout in residential areas
2。 1 adjust measures to local conditions
In the construction of parking facilities, the choice of parking spaces will be restricted by many parties. While providing convenient and comfortable parking facilities for residents as much as possible, it should be set according to local conditions in combination with residents' public space and green environment. Macroscopically, considering the urban area, landform and reality [2]; Considering the topographical features, use functions and surrounding environment of residential quarters from microscopic aspects, the feasible space mode is determined to make the parking lot more convenient, fast and comfortable and integrate into the environment of the whole residential quarter.
2。 2 Benefit comes first
The setting of parking lots in residential quarters should pay attention to comprehensive benefits, and the choice of parking methods and the layout of parking lots should be measured from its economic benefits, social benefits, environmental benefits and sustainable development.
2。 3 mutual coordination
The layout of the parking lot should be coordinated with the overall regional planning as far as possible, and its location should take into account the future changes in the location and quantity of parking sources within its planning scope, as well as the new construction and reconstruction of urban roads, so as to ensure the continuity and coordination of the planning [3]. In the small aspect, we should comprehensively consider the regional economy, the scale of residential quarters, the economic ability of residents, the car ownership rate and other factors, try our best to coordinate with the parking demand, and build parking spaces according to certain parking space indicators.
2。 4 safe and convenient
When setting up parking facilities, on the premise of ensuring the reasonable and orderly overall traffic organization of residential quarters, occupy as little or no roadside and open space in front of houses as possible, and stay as far away as possible from activities places for the elderly and children's playgrounds to ensure the safety of residents, especially the elderly and children. In order to facilitate residents' travel and parking, the setting of motor vehicle parking lots (garages and parking spaces) in residential quarters should consider the impedance of parked vehicles and the accessibility of vehicles. Therefore, the planning and layout method of combining centralization and decentralization is generally adopted.
In the planning and design of residential buildings, the bearing capacity and leakage prevention of roof greening should be considered. The house designed in this way can green the roof and walls according to the actual situation, achieve the six-sided greening effect of the space, improve the living environment to the maximum extent, and make the residents closer to nature. For example, Riverside Garden, one of the five luxury houses in Shanghai, has formed a complete green chain of roof greening, vertical greening, indoor greening and ground greening, and has become the representative of Suzhou Riverside Green Belt.
Because the relative floors of the current houses are relatively high, when overlooking the greening of the community, we should not only consider the residents on the low floors, but also consider the landscape feelings of these residents on the middle and high floors. Therefore, designers should give full consideration to the sense of overlooking of residents with higher floors when greening and beautifying residential areas.
2. Transform the original state of the community.
At the beginning of construction, some residential areas usually just look at the terrain and then level the land, and then build and afforest on the leveled land. This completely destroyed the original local characteristics. At the beginning of community construction, we should fully examine its present situation. During the construction period, the local natural relics and ancient and famous trees should be properly protected and utilized. Because natural relics and ancient and famous trees are symbols of historical and cultural accumulation, under conscious protection, they can reflect the cultural atmosphere of a residential area and show the characteristics of the residential area, which is conducive to improving the ecological awareness of residents.
3. Design of outdoor space such as landscape roads, sculptures and fitness facilities in residential green space.
When designing landscape roads, sculptures and fitness facilities, we must comprehensively consider the scale of buildings, landscape sketches and trees and quantify them reasonably. Everyone needs a moderate outdoor space. While increasing the green area as much as possible, we should consider everyone's participation in the garden.
Because the green space without human participation and perception is pale, meaningless and tasteless. The green space in residential areas needs to be public, open and participatory. In order to meet this demand, residents should gather in the green space of residential areas as much as possible, that is, the issues of "human settlement" and "people gathering" that are often discussed now. The reasonable layout of outdoor space such as landscape roads and fitness facilities in green space is the need of "gathering people".