1. What does business mean in classical Chinese? Words should be understood according to the context. The following are common usages.

1, planning and construction. "Book Call": "If you have divination, you will operate." African nightclub: "The exquisiteness of the tomb reflects the ingenuity of the original operation."

2. Plan management. "Poetry Ya Jianghan": "Jianghan Soup, Beowulf. Manage the quartet and become a king.

3. deal with it; Exchange "Tieweishan Congtan" Volume 5: "I saw a monk fighting a fire on the house. Urgent call:' Jin's life is at stake, so it's not appropriate to go first!' Regardless of the monk, he manages the house himself. "

4, refers to the artistic conception. In the Southern Dynasties, Liang wrote "The Literary Mind Carves Dragons and Beautiful Poems": "As for the poet's seal, the doctor's poems are combined and adapted in odd and even numbers, which is effortless."

5. Handling management. Now it is mostly used in industrial and commercial enterprises. Liu Tang Zongyuan's "Tian Jia" No.2: "It's a pity to work hard." "Wake up, keep the promise, two county magistrates contend for justice and marry orphans": "Jia Chang didn't go out to run the business for more than a year because he missed Miss Shi." Such as: running a business.

2. What should the ancients say from the ancient commercial prose?

"Sit in business" or "sit in business".

Jia g incarnation

In the old saying, it is often used to express business and trade, such as: "hoard treasures, find good ones, and then sell them", "Since I married a businessman in Qutang, he has not kept his promise every day".

Today, "Shang" has basically replaced "Jia", but the word "Shang" still exists.

The information comes from asking a classmate who sent it to me (I don't know where he came from for the time being).

Sitting in Jia Hangshang (zuò gǔ xíng shāng)

Commentary: Jia is a businessman. Businessmen sit and businessmen walk. In ancient times, merchants were mobile sellers, and Jia was a person who opened a shop and sold things at a fixed address. This is called "a businessman sitting on a horse". Now it generally refers to commercial buyers and sellers.

Source: Song Fan Chengda's Poems on the Stone Lake * Title Nantang Guest House: "In this life, you can only know when you are free, but you can manage your stupidity. Look at Jia Hang's business generation, who can sing the Acropolis calmly. "

-Data sources and Baidu Encyclopedia.

3. Find some classical Chinese writings about doing business, such as Duan Muci, the originator of Confucian merchants, the wise merchant ancestors, the state-run giant businessman, the agricultural prodigy Sang Hongyang, the first richest man in Shen Wansan, the red-crowned businessman Hu Xueyan of Wu Bingjian's business tycoon Qiao Zhiyong, the first-generation money king, the hardware king Ye Chengzhong, the Shanxi merchants, the Xue brothers, the enlightened wealthy businessman, the unique outlet of Guan Zhanyuquan, and the ancestor of Mingxing Li's visionary Li Hongling of Fan Shikui. There are books about businessmen and business, such as Historical Records.

Books such as Biography of Huo Zhi, Yu Ion, Miscellaneous Notes of Yan Jingjing, Think Tank, etc. all have records of ancient businessmen. Ten secrets of ancient businessmen doing business: knowing the place to win and choosing the place to make money. Sun Tzu's art of war said: those who have the terrain help the soldiers.

Expect the enemy to win, calculate the danger, distance, and go to the general. He who knows this and fights wins, but he who doesn't know this and fights loses.

It can be seen that the terrain is important for combat and it is also necessary for generals to observe. Doing business is like fighting, shopping malls are like fighting, businessmen are like generals with thousands of troops, and wise generals often occupy favorable terrain and eventually win the war.

As a great strategist in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, Fan Li knew this well. From a strategist's point of view, he thinks that pottery is an ideal place for goods trade.

So he chose Tao Di as the marketing point. Sure enough, in nineteen years, he became a world-famous woman, and Tao Zhugong's reputation became a household name from ancient times to the present, leaving his name in history. According to Records of Historical Records and Biography of Huo Zhi, after the State of Qin destroyed the State of Zhao, the immigration policy was implemented. At that time, many people bribed officials, refused to move and asked to stay where they were. Only the wealthy businessman Zhuo asked to move to the remote Wenshan. He took a fancy to the fertile land, rich products, simple folk customs, residents keen on buying and selling, and good business development.

A few years later, Zhuo became a world-famous rich man. This concept of both serving time and choosing a place was accepted by later businessmen.

Yangzhou, Jiangsu, the capital of Huaizuo and the best place for Zhu Xi, is located at the north-south crossroads, with developed transportation, convenient water transportation and frequent cargo exchanges. Its land is rich in tea, salt, silk and silks, and many businessmen come in droves. Once, merchants from the Qin Dynasty and Shanxi Province gathered here to settle down and operate.

The famous Huizhou merchants started from here and dominated the rivers and lakes. Second, buy when it is cheap and sell when it is expensive. Fan Li and Bai Gui, the ancestor of Shang Dynasty, believe that it is cheap to buy expensive; It's expensive when it's expensive.

It is emphasized that businessmen should be good at catching business opportunities, seize opportunities and seize the opportunity to buy and sell. The profit of business comes from the difference between buying and selling.

Once you find the right time to buy and sell, you should make a decisive decision like a wild animal. In Wei Wenhou, China people pay attention to farming, while Bai Gui is willing to observe the changes of the times.

When the harvest is good, he buys grain and sells silk paint. When silk came on the market, he bought a lot of silk and sold grain.

He once said: I am as resourceful in business as Yi Yin and Jiang Taigong; In judgment, it is no less than Sun Bin and Wuqi; In law enforcement, it is no less than Shang Yang. Some people's wisdom can't improvise, their courage can't be decisive, their kindness can't be chosen properly, and their stubbornness can't stick to principles.

Therefore, after such a person has learned from me, I will not teach him how to run a business. This passage fully expounds his punctuality and wisdom in grasping the opportunity of buying cheap and selling expensive.

Bai Gui's business principles and experience were praised by later businessmen. He used his own business strategy and carefully managed it, so that his family was exhausted.

Thirdly, from the end, it is known that Gou Jian, the King of Yue who predicted to make money in the Spring and Autumn Period, was ashamed of the death of his country by snow and worked hard all day. When he learned of the drought in Wu, he bought a lot of grain from Wu. In the second year, Wu was short of food, and people's lives were difficult. The hungry people had no food to eat and complained, so the State of Yue took the opportunity to rise up and destroy the State of Wu.

Hard work pays off. The King of Yue eventually became the overlord, ranking among the five tyrants in the Spring and Autumn Period.

Here, Gou Jian, the King of Yue, did a great thing. The wealth he created is not a treasure, but the hegemony of a country and the world. It is a successful example of the political application of the merchant's way.

According to records, a fire broke out in Lin 'an City in Song Dynasty, which damaged fish ponds. A merchant named Pei caught fire in his shop. Instead of putting out the fire, he lured people out of the city with money to buy bamboo tiles, reed rafters and other building materials. After the fire, everything was in a hurry, and building materials were in short supply in the market. At this time, Pei's businessmen took advantage of the situation and made a fortune, earning dozens of times the value of the store and meeting the needs of the market and the people.

Seeing a leopard in a tube, keen observation and accurate judgment are the source of wealth for businessmen, and they are also one of the necessary abilities for businessmen. Fourth, small profits but quick turnover, no one dares to stay expensive. Ji Ran, a pre-Qin business theorist, believed that "expensive is cheap, cheap is expensive" and advocated that "expensive is as cheap as jade"

Sima Qian once said, "Buy for three dollars, buy for five dollars cheaper", that is to say, greedy businessmen can only make a profit of 30%, and businessmen with small profits but quick turnover can make a profit of 50%. According to "Biography of Li Yu", there are three businessmen dealing in the same commodity in the market together. One of them sold at a reduced price, and there were many buyers. They make a lot of money a year, while the other two refuse to sell at a reduced price, resulting in far less profit than the former.

Sean, the counselor of Emperor Gaozu Liu Gang, sold scissors to people during the day and came back to study at night when he was studying in Huangshigong in his early years. Later, he felt that he didn't have enough study time, so he divided the scissors into three classes: upper, middle and lower. The price of first class is unchanged, the middle class is one penny less than the original price and the lower class is two pence less. As a result, it only took half a day, the number of scissors sold was twice as much as usual, the money earned was twice as much as before, and the time spent on study was more than before, so there was a folk proverb: Sean sells scissors-expensive and cheap.

5. Carve red and green, and stay in Yanjing Miscellanies: Shi Jing City Store always talks about the situation, carving red and green, and embroidering golden windows. In some shops, signboards are hung high, and colorful brocade lanterns are lit at the door of every house at night, making the streets look like daytime.

Some shops hang commodity propaganda calligraphy and painting, celebrity calligraphy and painting, which is arty. In order to sublimate the taste of the store and improve the customer's return rate.

There are also some tea shops, restaurants and hotels that specially arrange musical instruments and tell stories to entertain guests. In the noodle restaurant in Hangzhou, Kyoto in the Song Dynasty, as soon as the customer entered the store and sat down, the waiter immediately came over to ask what the customer needed, and the customers all called for instructions.

4. Seeking to translate classical Chinese these two sentences are from Ceng Gong's "Ying Zhou Xing Zao Ji". The following is the translation, with the full text of Yingzhou Xingzao Ji and its detailed notes and translations, all of which are original texts for your reference.

The original sentence 1, where the house is broken, it must be repaired and restored. 2. Publicly displaying your advantages will make it possible for you to operate the warehouse.

1, (the rest) All the collapsed and damaged houses were restored to their original appearance without repair. 2. Mr. Li Suzhi pointed out the things that were beneficial to the country in time, so that everything was handled well, so he rebuilt the warehouse and planned to set up a tent or something to cover it.

Please refer to the detailed notes in the attachment for details. Appendix: Ceng Gong's Original Story of Yingzhou Prosperity: In July of the first year of Ning, Shen Jiaxi, a major earthquake occurred in Hebei, and battlements were destroyed, especially in Yingzhou.

Another earthquake, people lied that the water was coming, and they were too scared to leave. Doctor Li Gongsu was persuaded to be the general manager of Levin Guandu, and it was comforting to know the situation in Yingzhou.

It's really raining cats and dogs, exposed by public and private, stored and stored, with nothing to hide. Open show is cheap, so there is a place, and then a warehouse, operating barriers.

When the rain stopped, Xiaomi counted it with stones, reaching1300,000, and the weapon was called "no evil". At the beginning of the transformation, the public ordered soldiers to guard it, rest and stop, and people did not dispute theft, so they arranged the hall.

The northern part of Victoria used to be the Khitan, and the wall was guarded by the guards. I am used to sleeping and dying. After the public disaster, it is our duty to promote the bad and the waste, and we know that we can't get people into trouble again. The DPRK should be asked to use a detour, and the cost should be taken from the spare materials for preparing the river, and the money should be determined by the truth.

Both stand, but build a new city, square fifteen miles, high and firm, and the rate is added to the old. Above it is an enemy tower with 4600 battle houses.

At first, the front door of the state was narrow and ugly, and at first it was big. The rest of the destroyed houses must be repaired and restored to their original state.

After a week's reading, I can hear something. There are two times in Yan Xiu. The food is high and the goods are deep. The guests are all scholars and officials, and each has its own Yu Ning. Its Yu Liwei north-south tunnel is miles long, and people purify it on the road.

Construction started in July and was not completed in 10. Its manpower has accumulated thousands of workers; Its use of bamboo, reeds and shingles has accumulated tens of thousands and hundreds.

At the beginning of the reform, the people were rich and the country was strong. The people in this state said that the service was difficult to use and the number of houses was not tired. As for the overtime caused by the accident, it is worth reporting.

The general manager, Mr. Gaigong, advised the governor to do his best inside and outside, so he was sensitive because he could turn bad into good. I heard there was a letter of commendation.

Yesterday, Zheng Huo made up for the disaster relief, which was appropriate, well-founded and well-founded in historical facts. Wei has the difficulty of being a man, and Wen Gong governs his city palace, which is in line with the time system and the poet sings.

The destruction of the earthquake in Japan today is tantamount to the fire of Zheng and the defense of Wei. It is also ancient to build a royal device without losing its side.

Therefore, all the scholar-officials in Ying want to carve this stone and give it to the public, so as to serve the military and government. In the shogunate, they come from books and belong to records. I'm going to resign, so I still remember that I want to know the public in the afterlife.

Note: 1: Ceng Gong, born in 10 19, was a famous essayist in the Northern Song Dynasty, with a real word, and was born in Nanfeng, Jianchang (now Jiangxi). In the second year of Emperor Renzong's reign (1057), he was promoted to a scholar, called for proofreading books in the history museum, moved to the library for proofreading, and gathered talents for proofreading.

Yingzong is a record reviewer. In the second year of Zongshen (1069), he was sentenced to Yuezhou and transferred to qi zhou and Cangzhou.

Yuan Feng was awarded the third grade for three years (1080) and was compiled by the History Museum. Ceng Gong is one of the "Eight Masters in Tang and Song Dynasties", and Ouyang Xiu is a supporter and participant in the "Ancient Chinese Literature Movement". His theory of ancient prose advocates taking Tao as Tao. His prose is natural and simple, paying little attention to literary talent, but paying attention to statutes.

There are not many lyric works in Ceng Gong's articles, but most of them are argumentative and narrative, with quaint style, rigorous composition and meticulous explanation. His prose is good at discussing and making accurate arguments. His representative works include The Book of Sheren in Shang Ouyang and The Book of Bachelor in Shang Cai, which deeply discuss the gains and losses of chaos control in past dynasties.

The Preface to Ang Lee's Second Life and the Preface to Wang Pingfu's Collected Works pour out the grievances of talented people, and their writing style is simple and open. Song Shi? Ceng Gong Biography commented on his article "Standing between Ouyang Xiu and Wang Anshi, it may not be annoying, simple but not unlucky.

It's hard to stand out as a family. "Ceng Gong's main achievement is writing, but he can also write poetry. There are more than 400 existing poems, most of which are simple and similar to his writing.

Among his poems of various styles, the four unique achievements are the highest, such as West Building, South of the City, Chanting Willow and so on. They are profound, thick and vivid, and can be called masterpieces of scenery writing in modern poetry in Song Dynasty. Ceng Gong's Yingzhou Xing Zao Ji describes the construction of ancient Yingzhou after the July earthquake in Xining in six years. Its description is rigorous and simple, which is a rare masterpiece in the study of Hejian history.

Ceng Gong Ceng Gong was appointed as well-known in Cangzhou. Before that, he had served as a magistrate in Qi, Xiang, Hong and Fu, and had a good voice in politics.

Before coming to work in Cangzhou, Ceng Gong was very concerned about the people of Hebei, especially the people of Cangzhou. It was the first year of JaeHee Ning (1068). Earthquakes occurred in dozens of states in Hebei, and most buildings and houses collapsed, causing a large number of casualties.

The worst-hit area is Yingzhou (now Hejian). In September, floods occurred in Bazhou, Baoding, Zhou En and Jizhou.

At that time, he also put forward a "disaster relief proposal" in Ceng Gong, Kyoto, and put forward a proposal to the court to break the routine and vigorously support the victims to save themselves in production. At that time, a cousin of Ceng Gong worked in Yingzhou. Through this cousin, Ceng Gong learned about the earthquake relief situation in Yingzhou, and wrote "Yingzhou Travel Jujube", which described Su Li's disaster relief performance in the earthquake.

At that time, there was an earthquake in Yingzhou, and rumors spread everywhere, and people fled in fear. Li Suzhi, in those days, sent people everywhere to appease and persuade, and stopped the rumors.

He ordered the army to strengthen security and maintain law and order. As a result, the whole city "everyone steals and does not fight, and the hall is safe."

After the earthquake, it rained heavily again, exposing food and materials. Li Suzhi personally directed the inspection, so that food and materials were properly handled.

Ceng Gong's article said that Su Li's "manager advised the governor to do his best inside and outside, which could easily break down." On the recommendation of Ceng Gong, Li Suzhi was sentenced by the court.

Reading Ceng Gong's "Zhou Ying Xing Zao Ji", we can see the image of Su Li, a loyal minister in Hejian area, and the rational and law-abiding performance of the people from the initial panic to the later, as well as the civilized quality of the local people handed down from this poem and book. 2. Hebei earthquake: In the first year of Xining, Song Shenzong (1068), a serious earthquake occurred in Hebei, and it opened in Henan.

5. Short classical Chinese? ! ! What is the content? This problem is too easy to deal with.

Shi Shuo Xin Yu Rong Zhi

(7) Pan Yuemiao looks good and looks good. When I was young, I jumped out of Luoyang Road. When a woman met her, she couldn't help holding hands. Zuo Taichong was absolutely ugly and returned to Yue You's invitation, so the group spurned and returned.

"Yu Lin" Pan Yue has a beautiful appearance and elegant demeanor. When he was young, he walked in Luoyang street with a slingshot, and all the women he met surrounded him hand in hand. Zuo Taichong is ugly. He wanders around like Pan Yue. At this time, all the women spat at him, which made him come back depressed.

Shuangshisan

(1) When General Wang was young, his original name was Chu. Liang Wudi called the sage * * * to talk about Ci. Everyone knows it, but the king has nothing to do with it. Its meaning is extremely evil, talk about it and advocate it. The emperor ordered people to take the drum belt, sat on the vibrating sleeve and struck the mallet vigorously. The syllables were harmonious and neat, and they were full of pride. Sit down and sigh its glory.

General Wang Dun had a nickname "Hillbilly" when he was young, and he also spoke dialect. Emperor Wu of Jin summoned celebrities at that time to talk about skills. Most others know something, but Wang Dun is the only one who doesn't care about it. He has nothing to say, and his expression and face are very bad. He claimed that he could only play drums. Liang Wudi had a drum brought to him. He immediately stood up from his seat, raised the drumstick and beat the drum excitedly. The drums are rapid and harmonious, and the spirit is heroic. No one is watching. The full house admired his power and generosity.

Su Hui No.12

(3) How old is Jin Mingdi sitting on Yuan Di's lap? When someone came from Chang 'an, he asked Luo for news and shed tears. Ming Di asked him why he was crying, and told him (2) going to the east. Because he asked Ming Di, "You mean, how far is Chang 'an from the sun?" Answer: "The sun is far away. I wonder if he is from Japan. "Yuan Di is different. Tomorrow, call ministers to a banquet to tell you this and ask them more seriously. But he replied, "The day is near." Yuan Di turned pale and said, "Why are you different from what you said yesterday? "Answer:" You can see the sun when you lift your eyes, but not Chang 'an. "

When Jin Mingdi was only a few years old, he used to sit on Yuan Di's lap. At that time, someone came from Chang 'an, and Yuan Di asked about Luoyang. He was very sad and shed tears. Ming Di asked his father what made him cry, and Yuan Di told him his intention to go to Jiang Lai in detail. So I asked Ming Di, "Which is farther, Chang 'an or the sun?" Ming Di replied, "The sun is far away. Obviously, I have never heard of anyone from the sun. " Yuan Di was surprised at his answer. The next day, when the ministers were called to dinner, they told everyone what Ming Di meant and asked him again. Unexpectedly, Ming Di replied: "The sun is near." Yuan Di was shocked and asked him, "Why are you different from what you said yesterday? Ming Di replied, "Now you can see the sun when you look up, but you can't see Chang 'an."

Shi Shuo Xin Yu,

generous

The money of his ancestors is less, but Ruan Yao's money is better. He has been running his own business. It is also a tired, but the gains and losses are not judged. People have ancestors, see things and have wealth; When the guests arrived, the screen was still on, and the other two small ones, holding their backs and leaning against obstacles, failed to calm down. Maybe it's a pity to blow your own candle; Because sigh: "I don't know how much it will cost in this life!" (4) look carefree. So the victory and defeat began to divide.

Grandfather Shao likes money and Ruan likes clogs. They often do it themselves. Both hobbies are the same problem, but we can't judge the competition between them from now on. Someone went to the ancestor Shao's house and saw him packing and checking his belongings. The guests have arrived, but they haven't packed their bags yet. There are two small boxes left, which he put behind his back and blocked sideways, and he is still a little uneasy. Someone went to Ruan's house and saw him personally lighting a fire to wax the clogs; So I sighed and said, "I don't know how many pairs of clogs I will wear in my life!" " "Speak with a serene expression. So the competition between the two is well known.

6. Translate the son of classical Chinese, Wei, whose name is Bohu. I have great ambitions since I was a child, and I have a high reputation and noble character. At that time, Hu was an official in Jingzhou, and he visited from Beijing. Life at home is hard, and there are no slaves for horses and chariots. He drove the donkey to see his father himself. Stay for more than ten days, ready to go back. When he left, his father gave him a piece of silk as travelling expenses on the road. Wei knelt down and asked his father that he was innocent. I wonder where he got this silk. Nonsense, this is my salary, which will be used for your travelling expenses. After asking about the origin of silk, Wei Shou got off the silk and went home. On the way, I released the donkey myself, took care of my life, and went on my way after dinner. That's all, there are no other wasteful actions. At that time, a subordinate was the governor, and Wei never knew him. Knowing in advance that I was going home, I asked for leave to go home, secretly prepared travelling expenses, and waited for Wei on the road hundreds of miles away. He is a traveling companion on the road in Wei Yi. He does everything for Wei and seldom eats. After walking for dozens of miles, Wei had doubts and asked him privately, only to know that this traveling companion was his father's viceroy. So he thanked him with the silk his father gave him and sent him back. Later, because of other things, he told his father about it. His father beat the governor with a 100 stick and dismissed him. Hu Zhi and his son are so incorruptible that they have gained a high reputation and a high official position.

When Emperor Wu of Jin summoned Wei, he lamented his father's incorruptibility and asked Wei, which is more incorruptible, you or your father? Wei replied, I can't compare with my father. Emperor Wu of song asked, how do you know you are inferior? He replied that my father was honest and didn't want others to know. I am honest, and I am afraid that others will not know, which is far behind my father.

Wei finally became a former general, Qingzhou secretariat. In the first year of Taikang, he was posthumously awarded as the general of Zhendong.

Hehe, I graduated for a long time. There must be some mistakes. Please forgive me.