The basic methods of project research mainly include: (1) observation method, (2) work inspection method, (3) testing method, (4) action research method, (5) literature method, (6) experience summary method, (7) case study method, (8) case study method and (9) experiment method.

How to write the research methods, steps and measures of graduation thesis design?

Identification method

Investigation is one of the most commonly used methods in scientific research. It is a purposeful, planned and systematic collection of the actual situation or history of the research object.

Specific methods of situation. Investigation is a basic research method commonly used in scientific research, which comprehensively uses historical methods and observation methods.

Through scientific methods such as writing, questionnaire, case study and test, we have a planned, in-depth and systematic understanding of educational phenomena and collect survey data.

A large number of data are analyzed, synthesized, compared and summarized, thus providing people with regular knowledge.

Questionnaire survey is the most commonly used survey method, and it is a research method to collect data through written questions, that is, investigators ask questions about the survey items.

Objective to compile a form, distribute it or mail it to relevant personnel, ask for instructions to fill in that answer, and then collect, sort out, count and study it.

Observation method

Observation refers to the researcher's direct observation of the research pair by using his own senses and auxiliary tools according to a certain research purpose, research outline or observation table.

As a way of obtaining information. Scientific observation is purposeful, planned, systematic and repeatable. In scientific experiments and investigations

In the research, observation has the following functions: ① Expanding people's perceptual knowledge. 2 inspire people's thinking. (3) lead to new discoveries.

experimental method

Experimental method is a scientific research method to discover and confirm the causal relationship between things by changing the main branch and controlling the research object. Its main features are: first,

First, take the initiative to change. Observation and investigation is to understand the research object and find out the problems without disturbing the research object. This experiment is

It is required to actively manipulate the experimental conditions, artificially change the existing mode and changing process of the object, and make it obey the needs of scientific understanding. Second, control

Make love. Scientific experiments require that, according to the needs of research, with the help of various methods and technologies, the interference of various irrelevant factors that may affect science can be reduced or eliminated.

Understand the research object in a simplified and purified state. Third, causality. An effective tool to discover and confirm the causal relationship between things through experiments.

The only way.

Literature research methods

Literature research method is based on a certain research purpose or theme, through the investigation of literature to obtain information, so as to fully and correctly understand and master the research.

Methods of investigating problems. Literature research methods are widely used in various disciplines. Its functions are as follows: ① Understand the history and present situation of related problems.

, to help determine the research topic. ② It can form an overall impression of the research object, which is helpful for observation and visit. (3) Comparative information of real data can be obtained.

Materials. (4) help to understand the whole picture of things.

Empirical research methods

Empirical research method is a special form of scientific practice research. According to the needs of existing scientific theory and practice, the design and use of scientific instruments are put forward.

Under natural conditions, instruments and equipment are operated purposefully and step by step according to observing, recording and measuring the changes of accompanying phenomena.

The activity of determining the causal relationship between conditions and phenomena. The main purpose is to explain the relationship between various independent variables and a dependent variable.

Quantitative analysis method

In scientific research, quantitative analysis can make people understand the research object more accurately, thus revealing the law more scientifically.

Grasp the essence, clarify the relationship and predict the development trend of things.

Qualitative analysis method

Qualitative analysis is the qualitative analysis of the research object. Specifically, it uses induction and deduction, analysis and synthesis, abstraction and

By summarizing and other methods, all kinds of materials are processed, so as to get rid of the rough and get the essence, get rid of the false and keep the true, and achieve the cognition from the outside to the inside.

Understand the essence of things and reveal the internal laws.

Interdisciplinary research methods

The method of using multidisciplinary theories, methods and achievements to conduct a comprehensive study of a subject as a whole is also called "cross-study method". Scientific development

The law of motion shows that science is highly integrated in high differentiation and forms a unified whole. According to the statistics of relevant experts, there are now

There are more than 2,000 disciplines, and the trend of discipline differentiation is still intensifying, but at the same time, the links between disciplines are getting closer and closer, whether it is language, methods or some concepts.

On the other hand, there is a trend of more and more unification.

Case study method

Case study method is a research method to identify a specific object among the research objects, investigate and analyze it, and find out its characteristics and formation process.

There are three basic types of case studies: (1) personal investigation, that is, investigation and study of a person in an organization; (2) Group survey, that is, a survey of a certain group.

Organize or group to conduct investigation and study; （......& gt& gt

How to write the research methods and steps in the opening report

How to write an opening report? First of all, we should sort out the information collected in the preparatory work, including the topic, content, theoretical basis, participants, organizational arrangements and division of labor, estimated time and funds, etc. The first is the drafting of the title. The topic has been established in the preparatory work, so the topic of the opening report is not a problem. Just write down your research topic directly. For example, I once instructed a group of students to study the Lunjiao culture, such as "Lunjiao cake", Lunjiao woodworking machinery, and Lunjiao cultural relics. The proposed topic is "Research on Lunjiao Culture". The second is the writing of content. The main contents of the opening report include the following parts: 1. Research background. The so-called discipline background mainly refers to why we should study this discipline, so some disciplines simply call this part "asking questions", which means why we should ask this question, or why we should ask this discipline. For example, in the background of a project I directed, "Research on Lunjiao Culture", it is said that in the wave of reform and opening up, Lunjiao, as a corner of the Pearl River Delta, has a rapid economic development. At the same time, what is the development of her culture, what achievements it has, what impact it has on residents, and what needs to be improved. Of course, there are many contents of background description, which can be social background or natural background. The key is what we have determined. Second, the content of the study. The content of the subject research, as its name implies, is what our subject should study. For example, the subject "The New Eight Scenes of Foshan" directed by Mr. Huang Shu of our school, the research content is: "Focusing on the New Eight Scenes of Foshan, investigating the yesterday, today and tomorrow of Foshan's historical and cultural precipitation, and combining with the economic development trend of Foshan, making a feasibility report and development plan for developing cultural tourism with the new eight sceneries and new weather." Third, the purpose and significance of the study. The purpose of the study should be to describe what you hope to achieve in this study or what you hope to get. For example, the research topic of "Re-taking the Long March Road" directed by Mr. Ye in our school is described in the column of research objectives: 1. By recreating the course of the Long March and recalling the great achievements of the Red Army soldiers, we have a deeper understanding and understanding of the general situation of the Long March, what difficulties and obstacles we encountered during the Long March and what is the spirit of the Long March. 2. Through the division of labor, cooperation, communication, presentation and explanation among the students in the group, cultivate the spirit of cooperation and participation and the ability of self-presentation. 3. Through this activity, students' information technology has been improved and their information literacy has been further improved. Fourth, research methods. In the part of "research methods", we should put forward the ways or procedures for our research group to solve this problem. Generally speaking, the research methods of research-based learning are: field investigation (the method of organizing students to conduct field investigation in their places of study, so as to draw conclusions), questionnaire investigation (the method of setting some questions according to the situation of the subject and the content to be understood, and investigating relevant personnel in the form of questionnaire), personal interview (the method of directly interviewing relevant personnel to master first-hand information) and literature investigation (by consulting various materials, charts, etc.) Fifth, the steps of research. The steps of subject research, of course, refer to what steps the subject has to go through to achieve the purpose of research. Therefore, this part should focus on our topic, which is about to be completed in several steps. Generally speaking, the basic steps of the subject research are nothing more than the following aspects: preparation stage, data access stage, field investigation stage, questionnaire investigation stage, interview stage, data analysis and arrangement stage, and summary and reflection stage of this subject. Six, project participants and organizational division of labor. This belongs to the management category of this study, but it can't be ignored. Due to poor management, students can't define their responsibilities, sometimes they are lazy or shirk their responsibilities, and sometimes they do repetitive work. Therefore, the organization and division of labor of project participants is very important. It is best to divide all the students involved in the research into several groups, and each group will elect a leader through democratic elections, who will be responsible for the task allocation and implementation of the group. Then according to the situation of this topic, the related research tasks are divided into several parts, and one group is responsible for one part. Finally, the team leader will organize personnel to summarize and sort out.

How to write the research methods in the opening report?

Research background: How to treat this subject and study its value.

Research purpose: to study the goal to be achieved or to talk about what problems to solve.

Research content: where to start the research work and what to do, list all the contents involved in completing the research task, and form the basic framework and structure of knowledge.

Research condition analysis: make clear which subjective and objective conditions have been met and which need to be improved.

Research division of labor: what did the team leader and team members do respectively?

Research methods: such as "observation, investigation, literature, experiment, action research".

Research steps: consider from four stages: collecting information, processing information, writing report and summarizing communication. It is necessary to arrange the time required for each stage of research, the results of each stage and the participants.

Expected results and forms of expression: the results can be papers, investigation reports, inventions, experimental reports, etc. The forms of expression include pictures, objects, words, audio-visual materials, multimedia courseware and so on. On the one hand, it can be multifaceted!

How to write the research methods and means of the opening report

First, the topic selection

Choosing a topic is the key first step in writing a paper, which is directly related to the quality of the paper. As the saying goes, "A good composition is half the battle". For clinical nurses, we should pay attention to the following points: (1) We should choose a topic with theoretical and practical significance according to our own familiar majors and research interests; (2) The topic of thesis writing should be small rather than big, as long as you have your own opinions, successful experiences, or lessons of failure, or have new ideas and understanding of an academic field or a certain point, you can use it as a topic; (3) When writing a paper, you should check the literature, so that you can not only know the research degree of others on this issue, but also learn from other people's research results on this issue.

It should be pointed out that the topic of thesis writing is related to the topic of thesis, but it is not the same thing. The topic is drawn up on the basis of the selected topic, which is a high summary of the selected topic. But the topic selection and writing should not be limited by the topic. Sometimes in the process of writing, the topic has not changed, but it has changed several times.

Second, design.

The design is to further ask questions and plan a preliminary solution to the problem after the topic of thesis writing is determined, so that scientific research and writing can proceed smoothly. The design of nursing papers should include the following aspects: (1) professional design: a research plan based on the needs of topic selection and existing technical conditions; (2) Statistical design: it is a statistical treatment scheme put forward by using the method of health statistics, which is particularly important for the writing of nursing papers containing experimental comparative samples; (3) Writing design: it is a preliminary plan to draw up an outline and write. In a word, design is the blueprint of nursing scientific research and paper writing, without which it is impossible.

Third, experiment and observation.

It is an extremely important step to engage in basic or clinical nursing scientific research, write papers and make necessary animal experiments or clinical observations. It is not only a basic process to obtain objective results and draw correct conclusions, but also an important way to accumulate papers and writing materials. Experiment is a method to explore objective laws by various material means (experimental instruments, animals, etc.). ) according to the research purpose; Observation is a conscious investigation of natural phenomena to reveal the reasons behind the phenomena and their laws. Their main functions are to collect scientific facts, obtain perceptual materials for scientific research, and develop and test scientific theories. The difference between the two is that "observation is to collect what natural phenomena provide, while experiment is to extract what you want from natural phenomena." Therefore, whether it is animal experiments or clinical observation, we should be meticulous, based on various facts, and make various records in our work.

Some nursing papers do not necessarily need animal experiments or clinical observation, such as nursing management papers or nursing reviews, but necessary social practice activities are still indispensable. Only by raising the materials obtained from practice to theory can we get valuable results.

Fourth, data collection and processing.

Data is the basis of thesis writing. After the topic selection, design, observation and experiment, it is a further preparation to collect and process the data.

Thesis writing materials can be divided into primary materials and secondary materials. The former is also called original data or direct data, which refers to things that the author personally participates in investigation, research or observation, such as records made in experiments or observations, and belongs to this kind of data; The latter, also known as second-hand information or indirect information, refers to relevant professional or specialized documents, which are mainly accumulated through usual study. On the basis of obtaining enough information, it needs to be processed to make it systematic, organized and convenient for application. For thesis writing, these two materials are essential, so we should properly apply them to thesis writing, pay attention to the distinction between primary and secondary, especially the literature materials, and quote them appropriately on the basis of full digestion and absorption, and don't pretend to be the master. The use of first-hand information should also be true, accurate and correct.

Five, the thesis writing outline

Writing an outline is also an important step, which can be said to have entered the formal writing stage. First of all, we should have a general understanding of the basic types (common formats) of academic papers, and consider the composition of the papers according to the information we have. For beginners, you can refer to the types of papers published in magazines and know what you are doing. Secondly, we should do further research on the information we have, and comprehensively consider the selection and application of many materials, so that the arguments are prominent, reliable and powerful, and the contents of each part are properly connected. Third, we should consider the degree of detail of the thesis outline. The outline of the paper is divided into two categories: rough category and fine category. The former only reminds all parts ... >; & gt

How to write the research object and research method of graduation thesis?

The research methods are as follows:

First, the research object

What are your research subjects and demographic variables?

Secondly, the questionnaire research tools used in the investigation and the instruments and tools used in the experiment.

Third, research procedures.

The specific operation process of the study, how to investigate and how to experiment, etc.

Fourth, research hypothesis.

The expected result of your research project is the hypothesis you want.

Research methods on how to write a good thesis.

The research methods in this paper generally include qualitative research and quantitative research from a wider field; In terms of materials, there are empirical research (based on actual investigation cases) and literature induction.

How to write the research methods in graduation thesis?

Research ideas, research methods, technical routes and implementation steps

1, learn what? -How to determine the research topic?

All scientific research begins with problems-problems are topics; Teaching is research (mastering methods is very important, otherwise it is not research); Progress and achievement are growth.

Educational research topics mainly come from two aspects:

A source of practice-objective or potential practical problems in education and problems existing in education and teaching practice itself.

The contradiction between education and teaching and the outside (teachers and parents, teachers and schools, schools and society, education and social development).

B theoretical sources-problems revealed by existing educational theories and gaps and contradictions in the theoretical system (for example, the process of the article "Cold Thinking on the Integration of Information Technology and Curriculum").

2. How to demonstrate the research topic?

Since you have chosen a subject, you should know all about it. Understand the research status of this topic at home and abroad, including the achievements and existing problems, and understand the theoretical system to which this topic belongs. A comprehensive understanding of the subject can make us take fewer detours in the research process and establish the main direction of research. This is what we often say: "Know yourself and know yourself, and you will win every battle."

How to demonstrate a topic? The demonstration of a subject is mainly to clarify the following questions:

A. What is the nature and type of the problem to be studied?

B. what is the practical significance of the problem to be studied? Its theoretical value (that is, what breakthroughs are expected in theory? )

C. what research results have been achieved on the issues to be studied? What is the research direction?

D. analyze the conditions of the studied problem.

E. What are the research strategies and steps?

F. What are the results of the study and their manifestations?

3, the basic methods of educational research are:

(1) observation method (2) investigation method (3) test method (4) action research method (5) literature method (6) experience summary method (7) case study method (8) case study method.

⑼ Experimental method (in the research process of a subject, more than two methods are often used according to different research purposes and requirements).

3. 1 observation: in order to know the truth, we can find the essence and law of a phenomenon.

Steps of observation method: the implementation of observation method is divided into the following three steps, one of which is the design of observation research, which can be divided into the following aspects:

3. 1. 1 for general investigation and exploratory observation.

The purpose of this step is not to collect materials, but to grasp the basic situation so as to plan the whole observation process correctly. For example, to observe a teacher's teaching work, we should go to school in advance to learn about the teacher's work, students' situation, relevant environment and conditions, and so on. This can be done by talking with teachers and school leaders and consulting some related materials, such as teaching plans, teaching diaries, students' homework and lectures.

3. 1.2 Determine the purpose and center of observation.

According to the characteristics of the research task and research object, what problems should be considered, what materials and conditions are needed, and then make clear provisions. If this provision is not clear, observation cannot be concentrated and the result cannot be in-depth. Don't have a few observation centers, and don't have a wide range. All observations should be made around a center. If you have to observe several centers, then observe them in groups and cooperate with each other.

3. 1.3 Determine the observation object

First, determine the overall scope to be observed;

The second is to determine the case object to be observed;

The third is to determine the specific items to be observed.

For example, in our spare time, we want to study the business and culture of the graduates of secondary normal schools or junior colleges newly assigned to teach in primary schools, so the overall observation is the new teachers who have worked for one or two years. Within this overall scope, we will decide which primary schools to observe and which teachers in which teaching and research groups to observe. After the specific observation list is determined, the time, place and specific observation items to be observed shall be determined.

3. 1.4 Make an observation plan

In addition to defining the purpose, center and scope of observation, as well as what problems to understand and what data to collect, the observation plan should also arrange the observation process: observation times, density, duration of each observation, and how to ensure the normality of observation phenomena.

3. 1.5 planning and preparing observation means

Generally speaking, observation means include two methods > >