Medical staff regard all patients' blood and body fluids (including amniotic fluid, pericardial fluid, pleural fluid, peritoneal fluid, cerebrospinal fluid, synovial fluid, vaginal secretions and other human substances) and articles contaminated by blood and body fluids as infectious and pathogenic substances, and preventive measures must be taken when contacting these substances. Medical personnel must wear gloves when performing diagnosis, treatment and nursing operations that may come into contact with blood and body fluids. After the operation, wash your hands immediately after taking off your gloves and disinfect them if necessary.

In the process of diagnosis, treatment and nursing operation, when it is possible to spill the patient's blood and body fluids on the medical staff's face, the medical staff should wear gloves, masks with anti-permeability and protective glasses; When blood and body fluids may splash in a large area or pollute the health of medical staff, isolation gown or apron with anti-leakage performance should also be worn (such as surgery, oral treatment, digestive tract endoscopy, urinary system endoscopy and other special examinations and treatments).

Medical staff must wear double gloves when they come into contact with patients' blood and body fluids.

In the process of invasive diagnosis, treatment and nursing operation, medical personnel should ensure sufficient light, and pay special attention to prevent being stabbed or scratched by sharp instruments such as needles, suture needles and blades.

After use, sharp instruments should be directly placed in the stab-proof and leak-proof sharp instrument box, or safely disposed with needle handling equipment, or use medical sharp instruments with safety performance such as syringes and infusion sets to prevent stab wounds.

Never put the disposable needle back on the needle cover. It is forbidden to directly touch sharp instruments such as used needles and blades with your hands.

Occupational exposure refers to exposure to dangerous factors due to professional relationship, which may damage health or endanger life, and is called occupational exposure.

Occupational exposure of medical personnel refers to an occupational exposure in which medical personnel are exposed to toxic and harmful substances or pathogens of infectious diseases in the process of diagnosis, treatment and nursing activities, thus damaging health or endangering life.

Occupational exposure of medical staff can be divided into infectious occupational exposure, radioactive occupational exposure, chemical occupational exposure (such as disinfectants and certain chemicals) and other occupational exposures.