In the development of organizations and individuals, the refining and precipitation of experience is a crucial link. When it comes to empirical extraction, we have to mention re-offer.
"Re-playing" was originally a Weiqi term, which refers to the player demonstrating the game process again on the chessboard after playing a game to see where he played well, where he played badly, where he could play differently or even better, and so on. This process of restoring the game and discussing and analyzing the offensive and defensive processes of both sides is the resumption of the game. Through the replay, players can observe the whole game process from a global perspective, understand the evolution of the game, sum up their experience of being good at and defeating different opponents, or find better moves, so as to improve their chess skills.
In the operation and management of enterprises, experience extraction, like Go, refers to the personal experience of business experts, which is a technology that transforms the hidden experience in the brains of business experts into explicit knowledge and can be passed down internally.
Regarding the value of experience and recovery, I mentioned the story of an old shipbuilder in another article, how to learn from a pit instead of healing the scar and forgetting the pain. Of course, there are many versions of this story, and scenes in similar stories are staged almost every day. The main reason is that enterprises do not attach importance to extracting the experience of business experts.
The inheritance of organizational experience can be seen everywhere in companies, such as the mentoring system and tutorial system in many companies. Another point is that 10% of adult learning is training, mainly various trainings organized by enterprises, and everyone learns from internal trainers, trainers and lecturers; 20% is to learn from others, that is, we often "bring the old with the new" and "master with the apprentice". We learn from others' good practices at work and learn from each other through experience exchange. 70% of them come from on-the-job study, which mainly applies some learned knowledge to work, summarizes while studying while working, re-applies, and constantly adjusts to form reliable experience and skills. Simply put, it is "learning by doing", which is the most valuable.
This experience is not only reflected in the work, but also in the US military's ace pilot program. Please refer to AAR's story for details.
Anyway, today I want to talk to you about how to extract organizational experience. I mentioned at the beginning that the extraction of organizational experience actually refers to the personal experience of business experts and the technology of transforming hidden experience in the brains of business experts into explicit knowledge and transmitting it internally. So how to do it specifically? Today, I'd like to talk to you about the book "Best High-energy Experience Refining, Turning Excellent Experience into Performance Success". In this book, the author mentioned four steps to extract organizational experience, namely, (1) blueprint, post experience contextualization; (2) Step by step extraction to make implicit experience explicit; (3) structural modeling and encapsulation, and explicit experience visualization; (4) Migration is inheritance and promotion. To put it simply: how to choose the theme of experience extraction, how to extract the experience of business experts, how to make the experience of business experts easier to master, and how to transform the experience of business experts into enterprise knowledge assets.
Firstly, the direction is determined, and the extracted topics are initially selected through three dimensions, while ensuring that the granularity of the extracted topics is moderate; Secondly, measure the value, determine a series of valuable extraction topics for enterprises with five standards, and draw a blueprint for post experience extraction; Finally, the boundary is constructed, and the starting point and end point of experience extraction are defined, that is, the input conditions and output results of the required experience extraction are defined.
It is divided into breaking down the key tasks of the post, sorting out the business problems of the post, and taking stock of the working scenes of the post.
According to the five core principles, we can see whether it is necessary to extract experience, namely, water, fire and soil in Jin Mu. Gold is precious, wood is difficult, water is constant, fire is urgent, and land is vast.
Any experience has boundaries and unique conditions. Unlike methodology, it can be used in any situation. Before the extraction of organizational experience begins, it depends on when and under what circumstances it is used and what the final output of this experience looks like.
Experience extraction should conform to four principles: structural, imitative, fault-tolerant and easy to apply.
Simply put, a business expert is not just a novice. After seeing a problem, he will classify and store it in a structured way.
Ordinary employees can improve their creativity in their work more effectively by imitating the experience of business experts and combining their own advantages and characteristics.
When refining experience, we often choose those successful experiences, which is understandable, but sometimes failed experiences are rare, because it can let us know where we fell and prevent making mistakes next time.
The ultimate goal of organizational experience extraction is students, and the most important thing is to take students as the center.
We need to grasp the following three links. Cognitive relationship: the logic of interpretation methodology: vertical drawing: the combination of emphasis and pictures; Pie packaging: vivid images promote memory. The purpose of doing this is to make the boring and difficult experience easier to master.
There are three common sorting logics: linear flow, internal correlation and interaction.
Simply put, it is a process, step by step, step by step, and the next step is completed when the previous step is completed.
For complex experience or experience with large granularity, internal correlation is a common logical relationship when presenting these experiences, which can explain the internal relationship between the experience framework and details of business experts more clearly. There are three common internal related logical relationships: juxtaposition, overlap and inclusion.
It means that the key point of experience is an independent and cooperative logical relationship, which is mostly used for complex experiences or experiences with large granularity. The common logical relations of interaction are resultant force, balance and division of labor.
Cognitive psychology research shows that the brain's short-term memory ability is limited, and it is impossible to remember too much information in a short time. Magic number 7 2: the limitation of our information processing ability is an important paper by American cognitive psychologist george miller, published in Psychological Review 1956. From 65438 to 0956, Miller made a quantitative study on the short-term memory ability of the brain. He thinks that young people's memory span is about seven units (Arabic numerals, letters, words or other units), and calls it chunks. Craik and Lockhart, two psychologists in Canada, believe that the key lies not in the length of information retelling, but in the depth of information processing, that is, the depth of processing theory. According to this theory, only by deep and meaningful retelling of materials can retelling promote memory, while passive retelling is not conducive to memory. In other words, the more meaningful the content, the easier it is for students to remember and the easier it is to extract it quickly when needed.
The specific methods are: English combination, digital linking, threading, homophonic connection and image analogy.
English combination: such as PDCA? CD.
Read numbers continuously: clear, white, red, green and Huang Wu.
For example, how to judge whether a bowl of Lanzhou beef Lamian Noodles is authentic? As a senior food lover, we must remember its five characteristics, namely, cleanliness, whiteness, redness, greenness and Huang Wu. "Qing" is pure beef soup; "Two whites" means that radish slices are white; "Three red" refers to Chili oil red; "Four greens" refers to the greens of garlic seedlings and coriander; "Huang Wu" means that the matte surface will appear pale yellow. This way can help us remember five characteristics of a bowl of authentic Lanzhou beef Lamian Noodles, which are considered as the brand logo of Lanzhou beef Lamian Noodles.
thread a needle
It means that in the process of packaging, you can highlight the key points by wearing "prefix", "middle" and "suffix" to realize the function of helping memory. For example, Jin Yong's works are familiar to everyone, and many people can even know the names of his works. Why? Because Jin Yong put together the first string of the title of the work and wrote a couplet: "Flying snow shoots Bailuyuan, laughing at Xia Yiyuan, the god of books." The names of the works corresponding to each word in this pair of couplets are Legend of Flying Fox in Snow Mountain, Legend of Lotus City, Legend of Eight Dragons, Legend of the Condor Heroes, White Horse Whistling in the West Wind, the legendary swordsman the Deer King, Sword Book, Legend of the Condor Heroes, Chivalrous Man, Dragon Slayer by Eternal Reliance, Blood Sword and Yuanyang Knife. Through this couplet, we quickly remembered Jin Yong's 14 works. However, when we talk about the famous artists of Jin Yong's contemporaries, such as Gu Long, Liang Yusheng and Wen Ruian, it is difficult to tell their 14 works. This is the role of "threading the needle".
Homophonic connection
"Reaching for money" means taking four things with you when you go out, namely, ID card, mobile phone, key and wallet. This example in life makes us see a fact clearly: if there is no good memory method, even familiar things are easy to forget.
There are three main ways to extract the results of inheritance experience. A book of post experience and operation. This way is to process and systematize the output of post experience to form a reproducible and inheritable post operation manual, so that employees can master the main points of experience. Second, the post experience scenario case. This way is to restore the extracted business expert experience to the working situation, so that employees can better understand the real situation of this experience application on the basis of mastering the post operation experience. Third, post the experience video micro-lesson. In this way, the operation books and situation cases are made into video micro-lessons, and with the help of video and micro-lessons, the experience of business experts is more widely spread and passed on.
Summary of post experience operation
Cooper learning circle is effective. Cooper's learning circle is an experiential learning model put forward by david kolb, also known as experiential learning circle theory.
Cooper believes that experiential learning process is a ring structure, which consists of four adaptive learning stages, including concrete experience, reflective observation, abstract conceptualization and active practice.
The function of post experience operation book is to solve specific experiences, so that students can know that there are these successful experiences to learn from and predecessors have achieved.
Post-experience scenario case
Simply put, a post-experience scenario case is a description of an actual scenario, which may contain one or more conflicts or problems, and may also contain methods to solve these conflicts or problems. The experience that students learn in situations is easier to apply to real situations. At the same time, the case of post experience scenario will also provide students with enough thinking space, so that they can get their own experience, so as to draw inferences.
The title of the case is a summary of the content and theme of the case. A good title can make the finishing point, stimulate students' interest in reading, and directly reflect the theme and content of sharing cases.
On the basis of the case summary, the case summary summarizes the contents of the full text in simple and clear language and extracts the main information of the case.
Case text
Different post experience scenarios have different case formats, which are reflected in two aspects. On the one hand, it is the complexity of experience. Whether the experience is complex or not depends on the "body: method level" and "foot: behavior level" of the experience. For a simple experience, we use the case format guided by the plot; For complex experience, we adopt the method of embedding case format. On the other hand, the types of experience are different. The case writing methods of thinking experience and interpersonal experience are different. Descriptive language is more suitable for cases of thinking experience, and dialogism is more suitable for cases of interpersonal experience.
Post experience video micro-course
There are three types of common post experience video micro-lessons: the first is explanatory video micro-lessons, that is, the parties or lecturers tell the story and results of the case to the camera and show the extracted business expert experience with the help of language and props; The second is the scene restoration video micro-lesson, that is, the process and results of the case are reproduced through live performances, and the extracted business expert experience is displayed and explained in the video; The third is PPT video micro-lesson, that is, the main scenes in the case are restored through GIF characters or real-life photos, and the case scenes and business expert experience are reproduced through playing PPT.
Explanatory video micro-lesson, with the help of teaching video, displays rich content, but it needs special playing environment and equipment, which has high cost and low efficiency. The video micro-course of scene restoration is very popular among students because of its vivid image and strong sense of scene substitution. However, the shooting process needs many people to complete, and the post-editing also needs the cooperation of professionals, so the shooting and production cost is very high. PPT video micro-class can restore the main scenes in the case through GIF characters or real-life photos, which can not only meet the needs of students, but also lower the production cost than the other two methods. The following will focus on the production process of PPT video micro-lesson. The advantages of PPT video micro-lesson are: (1) The software learning cost is low and easy to use. Most employees are familiar with the basic production methods of PPT, so they don't have to learn from scratch. (2) Rich materials and diverse output forms. At present, there are hundreds of well-known PPT material websites at home and abroad, and most of them also provide rich free materials, which provides resource guarantee for making PPT video micro-courses; (3) Paging production, which can be modified at any time, with high output efficiency. Using PPT production post to experience video micro-lesson can realize paging voice recording, individual page modification and one-click integrated video output, which greatly shortens the writing time of micro-lesson script and reduces the difficulty of micro-lesson production. It should be noted that PowerPoint 20 10 or above is required for making PPT post experience video micro-lessons. When recording, we can use the computer's own microphone or a separate microphone to make the recording better.