Before the 7th century, Yan extended to northern Hebei and western Liaoning. After Jizhou was annexed, Tianjin (now Beijing), the capital of Jizhou, and Beijing belonged to Yan State together. Yan State lasted for 822 years and was always in the middle and lower reaches among the vassal states. At this time, Tianjin belongs to Yan State.
In the first 228 years, Qin destroyed Zhao, Xiao Shui and Yan Taizi Dan secretly sent Jing Ke to stab Qin. Finally, Jing Ke was killed, and Ying Zheng, the king of Qin, was furious and ordered Wang Jian to send troops to attack Yan. In the first 226 years, Yan led the Guards to flee Liaodong. At this time, the warring States period was not over, and Tianjin belonged to the state of Qin.
Tianjin is one of the four municipalities directly under the Central Government of China and the largest open city and industrial and commercial city in northern China. Tianjin is referred to as "Tianjin", which means the ferry that the son of heaven passes through. It is also called "Jingu" and "Jinmen".
Tianjin was inhabited by human beings in the Shang and Zhou Dynasties, but it was only later that it became a city. The opening of the Grand Canal in Sui Dynasty made Tianjin, which is located in the north of the canal and has convenient transportation between rivers and seas, increasingly important. The canal and the "Five Rivers at the Tail" (now Haihe River) meet at the Sanchahekou in the urban area, and Tianjin is famous as the "three major seaports" in history. After the mid-Tang Dynasty, Tianjin became a land and water terminal for transporting grain from south to north.
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Historical evolution:
Tianjin was originally located in the ocean. More than 4000 years ago, under the action of the Yellow River sediment, it slowly emerged from the seabed and formed an alluvial plain. The Yellow River changed its course three times in ancient times and entered the sea near Tianjin, near Ninghe District 3000 years ago, near Huanghua County in the Western Han Dynasty and in the southern suburbs of Tianjin in the Northern Song Dynasty. In Jin Dynasty, the Yellow River moved south, the Huaihe River entered the sea, and the coastline of Tianjin was fixed.
Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty set up a salt officer in Wuqing.
In the Sui Dynasty, after the construction of the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal, at the intersection of the South Canal and the North Canal (now the Sanchahekou of Jingang Bridge), it was called Sanhui Haikou in history and was the earliest birthplace of Tianjin.
In the Tang Dynasty, a salt field was opened in Lutai and a salt warehouse was set up in Baodi.
The Liao Dynasty set up a "Que Salt Court" in Wuqing to manage salt affairs.
In the second year of Zhenyou in Jin Dynasty (12 14), Zhigu Village was established in Sanchakou, which was the earliest recorded name in Tianjin's urban development.
In the third year of Yuanyou (13 16), the anchorage was changed to Haijin Town, which became a water transport and transshipment center. Zhi gu Salt Transportation Department was established to manage the production and sales of salt.
In the second year of Ming Jianjian (1400), Judy, the prince of Yan, crossed the Grand Canal here and went south to compete for the throne. After Judy proclaimed herself emperor, in order to commemorate the "Battle of Jingnan", this place was renamed as Tianjinwei on 1 1 day (1404 65438+February 23rd), which means the ferry that the son of heaven passed by.
As a military location, Tianjin began to build a city and set up a garrison in the area of Little zhi gu in the southwest of Sanchakou, which opened a new page in Tianjin's urban development. Later, Tianjin left-back and Tianjin right-back were added.
In the ninth year of Shunzhi in Qing Dynasty (1652), Tianjinwei, Tianjin Zuo Wei and Tianjin Youwei merged into Tianjinwei, and civil affairs, salt transportation, taxation and military affairs were established. In the third year of Yongzheng (1725), Tianjin Wei was promoted to Tianjin. In the ninth year of Yongzheng (173 1), Tianjin was promoted to Tianjin Prefecture, which governed six counties and one state.
At the end of the Qing Dynasty, Tianjin, as the resident of Zhili Governor, also became the main base for Li Hongzhang and Yuan Shikai to establish Westernization and develop Beiyang forces.
1860, the British and French allied forces occupied Tianjin, Tianjin was forced to open, and the powers successively established concessions in Tianjin.
1900 July, Eight-Nation Alliance attacked Tianjin, and Tianjin fell.
190 1 year, the Eight-Nation Alliance-formed Tianjin Dutong yamen ordered the demolition of the city wall.
In the 28th year of Guangxu reign in Qing Dynasty (1902), Zhili Governor's Office moved to Tianjin. In the same year, the Republic of China was founded, and Tianjin was changed to a county, which was subordinate to Zhili Province.
In the second year of the Republic of China (19 13), the capital of Zhili was located in Tianjin. 1June, 928, the National Revolutionary Army occupied Tianjin, and the Nanjing National Government established Tianjin Special City. In July of the same year, Zhili was renamed Hebei, and the provincial capital was still located in Tianjin. 10 June, the provincial capital moved to Beiping.
1June 930 Tianjin was changed to a municipality directly under the central government. In the same year, in June 5438+10, Hebei Province moved its capital to Tianjin again, so it was changed to a provincial city.
1June, 930, Tianjin Special City was changed to Tianjin directly under the Executive Yuan of Nanjing National Government. 1 1 In June, the capital of Hebei Province was moved from Beiping to Tianjin, and the municipality directly under the Central Government of Tianjin was changed to a provincial municipality.
1June, 935, the capital of Hebei moved to Baoding, and Tianjin was changed to a municipality directly under the central government.
1945 August 15 After Japan surrendered, Tianjin remained a municipality directly under the central government.
1949 65438+1October 15 At 5 o'clock in the morning, the East-West Assault Group of China People's Liberation Army successfully joined forces at Jintang Bridge. Tanggu was liberated in June, 5438+07, and the whole territory of Tianjin was liberated, which was designated as a municipality directly under the Central People's Government of North China. In the same year, 65438+1 October1,People's Republic of China (PRC) was established and Tianjin was designated as a municipality directly under the central government.
In February 1958, 1 1, Tianjin was changed to a city under the jurisdiction of Hebei Province. On April 18 of the same year, the capital of Hebei Province was moved from Baoding to Tianjin.
1966 In May, the capital of Hebei moved to Baoding again.
1967 65438+1October 2, Tianjin was restored as a municipality directly under the central government.
Baidu Encyclopedia-Guo Yan
Baidu Encyclopedia-Tianjin