In the process of writing academic papers, we need to think about some problems, and we will also encounter some problems. These problems are * * *, which can be roughly divided into three categories:

1, confusing academics and feelings:?

Many people don't understand the difference when writing reports. As a result, they turned academic research into expressing personal feelings. It should be noted that the two are different, even fundamentally different. Academic research pays attention to the full mastery and absorption of materials, and shows the structure and contradiction of things with strict and clear logical argumentation. It essentially requires us to abandon our personal subjective feelings and face the research object with an objective attitude and method. Of course, whether it can be completely objective is still a controversial issue from a philosophical point of view. Therefore, we should try our best to engage in research with an objective attitude, which is the minimum requirement of academic research.

Expressing feelings is quite another matter. It focuses more on the author's personal subjective feelings than on the objective study of how the object is presented. It is not necessary to fully grasp and absorb the material in this way of writing, because the principle of imagination replaces the principle of objectivity. Perhaps he also emphasizes logic, but this logic is only "his" logic, not the logic of the research object itself. Imagination principle replaces objective principle, which leads to emotional logic replacing argumentation logic.

2. The thesis writing is not standardized:?

How to write an academic paper? Regardless of the content, many people still have many problems in format specification. Some papers don't even have notes. How can readers understand what you are writing? A standard academic paper should at least have an abstract, keywords, notes, references and the main body of the paper. Only with these things, can we say that at least in form, this is an academic paper, which can be published in more authoritative academic journals, which has laid a solid foundation for the publication of the paper and must not be sloppy.

It is the author's main summary of the core ideas of his paper, which can help readers quickly understand the ideas that the author wants to express. Key words reflect the author's thinking level and focus, making readers more targeted when reading a paper. From the notes, we can see the breadth and depth of the author's thinking. Because we must know that history does not begin with us, we are just a small link in history. In other words, it is impossible for predecessors not to think about major academic issues. We can support their ideas to confirm them; You can also oppose their views and refute them. Whether you support or oppose it, you should face it squarely, and you can't skip or ignore it, and go directly to the stage of expressing your opinions. This not only shows disrespect for predecessors' work, but also shows his frivolous and ignorance.

The last point is the problem of citing documents. This question is also very important, because readers can use it to go back and consult the original text, thus proving whether the author's argument is reasonable. By comparing the submission instructions of many Chinese journals, we can know that the requirements for documents are also strictly examined and approved, and documents cannot be added at will, otherwise they will not pass. Because in practice, there are many random quotations similar to "it makes sense to read the text", which greatly damages the rigor of argument. If the author marks the cited documents, the reader can supervise his thinking process. This can ensure the legitimacy of the argument to a certain extent. In addition, it should be noted that "cited literature" and "related literature" are different. The former refers to books, newspapers, etc. Actual citation, while the latter is only information related to the topic. The two cannot be equated directly and confused.

3, can't consciously distinguish between conceptual thinking and image thinking:

Philosophical thinking mode is a kind of conceptual thinking. Specifically, it needs to clearly define each concept and distinguish their connotation and extension. On this basis, it enters the stage of judgment and reasoning, thus expanding the argument and leading the analysis of the problem to a deeper level. Plato once divided the world into "representation world" and "idea world". He believes that the "image world" is fluid, temporary and unfixed, so it is also unreliable. The "ideal world" is unchangeable, fixed and permanent, so it is real. In order to grasp the "ideal world", we need to resort to philosophical thinking, and the way of philosophical thinking is just conceptual thinking.

In "The Republic", Plato advocated that the poet should be driven out of the Republic, because the process of the poet's writing poetry was just "imitating ideas". This "double imitation" is not only beneficial to rational speculation, but also harmful. The distinction between "the way of truth" and "the way of opinion" put forward by parmenides can also correspond to conceptual thinking and image thinking to some extent, that is, the former is the way of truth and the latter is the way of opinion.

Conceptual thinking requires us to pay great attention to the starting point of thinking. The so-called starting point, that is, the beginning, that is, where ideas as ideas begin. For philosophical thinking, the beginning often determines the result, that is, the result is already included in the beginning. What kind of beginning will have what kind of result. So the beginning is very important and needs our great attention.

In addition to paying attention to the starting point, there is another problem that cannot be ignored in analyzing concepts, that is, the deduction of concepts. The deduction of concepts needs to pay attention to two aspects: first, there should be continuity between the concepts of upper and lower levels; second, there should be correlation between the concepts of the same level, or "seamless docking" should be achieved in an image. Aristotle said that the definition is "species plus genus difference". First of all, we must understand the "species" and divide the "genus difference" within this range. Only when these two aspects are completed can they be defined. Deduction and definition need a clear analysis of the concept connotation, which is the premise of conceptual thinking.

There are too many examples of thinking in the form of representation, such as the analysis of "inaction" and "nature". Everyone cites politics, personal cultivation, interpersonal relationship and environmental protection to demonstrate "inaction" and "nature", and rarely discusses these two concepts from "inaction" and "nature" themselves. Philosophy discusses universal truth, but we use such concrete examples to demonstrate it. It should be noted that the concrete example is "special" and the universal truth is "general". How does "special" guarantee "general"? This is logically impossible, so the validity of the argument should be discounted. Therefore, we must have such awareness and learn to break away from the shackles of superficial thinking and enter conceptual thinking. This is the essence of academic research. Write a paper with a rigorous scientific attitude to ensure the authority and professionalism of the paper!