Abstract: Art songs are the perfect combination of literature and music, human voice and instrumental music since their birth. With its elegant artistic taste and perfect artistic expression, it is deeply loved by music lovers. This paper aims to make a comparative study on the styles and singing characteristics of Chinese and foreign art songs, so as to guide singers to better sing and express art songs.
Keywords: artistic song style, singing characteristics, artistic expression
Art song is a literary, professional and lyrical music genre, which originated in Germany and Austria in the19th century. As a genre of vocal music, it has become a very outstanding art form in the world vocal music art with its specific means of expression, corresponding formal structure and rich lyric charm. Art songs are mostly solo and have a wide range of performances. It refers to a song that combines poetry and music. It is a music genre with the unity of professionalism, immanence and lyricism. It is a unified organic whole composed of poetry, vocal music, melody and relatively independent instrumental music (piano), and it is an art form of high integration of literature and music, human voice and instrumental music.
First, the style characteristics of foreign art songs:
Art songs are a special genre in the history of music. In Germany, songs written by composers such as Schubert, Schumann and Bram are called art songs. In French art songs, similar songs are called Melodie and spread to China. Art songs? . What did it mean at first? This exquisite art uses a different strategy from opera to make people understand the dramatic content in the lyrics? . And kunstLied, which is similar to the word Lied What does this mean? A song different from a folk song? . Therefore, art songs are different from traditional operas and folk songs, especially the perfect combination of music and poetry.
Schubert is a representative composer in Germany. He composed more than 600 artistic songs, with the lyrics of Goethe, Schiller, Heine and Miller. His artistic songs have beautiful tunes and profound artistic conception. Wild Rose, Faith in Spring and Devil have become world-famous songs. Wolff's more than 200 art songs, whose tunes deliberately express the characteristics of German tones, are closely combined with the lyrics, and the piano accompaniment is full of symphony flavor. In addition, Schumann, Brahms, Strauss and others also created many artistic songs. Art songs are called chansons in France, and the representative composers are deepak, Faure, Debussy and so on. French art songs are delicate and delicate. Debussy's songs are mostly based on the poems of Baudelaire and Welland others, which have the characteristics of impressionism. Art songs are called романс in Russian, and glinka is the first classical composer of this genre. Later representatives were Pyotr Il'yich Tchaikovsky, Musorgskiy, Rachmaninov and others. Russian art songs are characterized by paying attention to psychological depiction.
Second, the style characteristics of China's art songs:
The enlightenment of China's art songs was deeply influenced by European art songs, and its development went through two periods. The first issue is about 19 19? May 4th Movement? Before and after the movement, the New Culture Movement was in full swing, which opened up a vast world for China to learn the combination of foreign music culture and its own culture. The second period began in the early 1930s. With the good combination of western composition techniques and China traditional music culture, the creation of artistic songs is becoming more and more mature. In the 1940s, on the basis of drawing lessons from European art songs, the peak of early China art songs with unique national style was formed. For example, Zhao Yuanren's Teach Me Not to Think About Him, Huang Zi's Homesickness, Zhu Qing's I Live at the Head of the Yangtze River and He Lvting's By the Jialing River are all excellent art songs.
These art songs have the same basic characteristics: First, many art songs are composed of ancient poems, just like a beautiful ink painting, elegant and beautiful, focusing on expressing inner feelings and autobiographical and psychological dynamic performance. Is it like a portrayal of life or a feeling, sighing, concise, fascinating and useful? Return to explore reality by expressing the past and comparing the present? The characteristics of. There are also artistic songs created by modern poetry, such as Huang Zi's Homesickness (Wei Han Zhang Ci), which is a representative work of lyric artistic songs. Love blends with scenery and scenery, like a colorful watercolor painting. Second: art songs perfectly form an artistic whole between poetry and music, to achieve? There is a song in the poem, and there is a poem in the song? Field. This is also one of the main features of art songs.
When we recite a poem, we can feel its beauty. You can also feel the change and pause of intonation and the ups and downs of emotions in poetry reading. Then, it is more appropriate to write a poem, with ups and downs in intonation and emotions, especially the expression of poetic artistic conception. Such as "flowers are not flowers" (Tang? Bai Juyi). This song adopts a four-sentence structure, and the change of intonation and tone of the song is very consistent with the change in the poem. In the combination of words and songs, it is a good way to create a cavity according to words, and singing, like chanting, gives people a broader imagination space for the hazy scene depicted in the poem and gives people unlimited femininity. Third, the singer (including the performance) is required to interpret the work in strict accordance with the requirements of the music score.
Use music to describe the artistic conception created by poetry music to the maximum extent, which is delicate and heartfelt. This is also one of the characteristics of art songs. Are you more particular about singing? Elaborate? Singers are required to have good literary skills and rich musical imagination, and must strictly abide by the score requirements, and must not make any changes to the music or lyrics, otherwise it will destroy the integrity and integrity of the song and the artistic conception. Fourthly, piano accompaniment plays an important role in the overall structure of music.
Under the technique of atmosphere rendering and artistic conception contrast, performers use the color change, speed, sound extension and pause in the performance process to further explore the connotation of lyrics, create a specific artistic conception for singers, thus deepening the artistic sense and completing the shaping of music image together with vocal melody. Therefore, in art songs? Piano accompaniment? The definition of the word "piano" is not exact. Accurately speaking, piano occupies the same important position as poetry and melody in art songs. It can be used to express what melody can't express, and it is an indispensable part of art songs.
Third, grasp the singing style of Chinese and foreign art songs:
The style of works or music is good or bad, and the effect of singing is very different. We often listen to some personal concerts. Some people have beautiful voices and excellent singing skills, but the whole concert, from China folk songs to European classical art songs, sounds good in voice, strength and charm, and they are all the same, with a unique flavor, which makes people forget after listening, lacking soul * * sound and artistic aftertaste, and lacking artistic accomplishment and cultural accomplishment. The main reason for these phenomena is that the singer did not carefully analyze and understand the style of the times, national style, regional style and personal style of the work before singing, and did not properly express the style of the work with his own singing skills.
Therefore, in order to accurately express the connotation of the work, the singer must also study the style of the work in advance (that is, the singing style). Of course, compared with other sister arts, the music style is more abstract. Music is an intangible time art, while painting, sculpture and architecture are tangible space arts, so their styles are often easier to see at a glance than music. The depth of a singer's literary accomplishment will directly affect his understanding of his works and his grasp of style, because the formation of style is mainly based on the deepest understanding. A mature singer can vividly express the composer's creative intention and the style characteristics of his works, and can make the audience understand the full meaning of music? At a glance? Yes
For example, singing Brahms' works, his works attach importance to and embody the national characteristics of Germany and Austria, and embody the characteristics of folk poetry and language. When singing his "lullaby", we should pay attention to using smooth and coherent breath to limit the sound, and the volume should not be too big, so as to sing a soft and euphemistic sound effect. Show the mother's love and good wishes for her children. Don't raise your voice or crowd your voice with the movement of pitch, which will make the timbre uneven and unsmooth and destroy the artistic conception of the work. Singing should be gentle, full of love from beginning to end, and shape the simplicity and greatness of maternal love.
Another example is the singing of Huang Zi's artistic songs "Three Wishes for Roses", "Song of Nostalgia" and "Yu Yan", which fully embodies the conversion of mode and tonality, temporary tone sandhi and temporary tone sandhi. Common creative techniques to enhance the color change of music. De 'ao's artistic songs use the creative technique of mode-tonality conversion, which closely combines the mode-tonality conversion, the color application of temporary inflection with the rhythm of lyrics, and describes the artistic conception of the song content very aptly.
When singing "Three Rose Wishes". I hope that beauty will never fade? Where is the treble? Red? Words, the voice should be strong, not shouting; The timbre should be bright and soft; It is necessary not only to reflect the girl's enthusiasm for happiness, but also to sing the depressed mood under the background of feudal society at that time. Therefore, the sound processing of our singing must be bright but not bright, reflecting the depressed emotions. Only the bright and mellow timbre, the comfortable breath, the understanding of the artistic conception of the song and the mastery of the musical style can achieve Mr. Huang Zi's China? Three wishes for roses? Expressed incisively and vividly.
In a word, when an art song is placed in front of us, how should we treat the work and express it completely on the basis of singing? All these require us to experience and refine the songs from different levels and angles until we have a deeper understanding of the works. The characteristics of artistic songs determine that its singers should not only have high singing skills and artistic accomplishment, but also have good sound quality, delicate voice, clear articulation and appropriate emotional expression ability. Therefore, whether you can sing art songs well is an important symbol to measure a qualified singer.
References:
[1] Shen Xiang, Shen Xiang Vocal Music Teaching Art, Shanghai Music Publishing House, 1998.
[2] Stone, vocal music foundation, People's Music Publishing House, 2002
[3] Li Lin, on the characteristics of Huang Zi's artistic song creation, Journal of Heze University, 2005.