Keywords: higher vocational education; Economic and trade major; Graduation design; Current situation of teaching; Reform practice
Graduation design is a comprehensive practical teaching link to realize the goal of talent training in colleges and universities. The combination of general and graduation practice teaching is a comprehensive test of students' knowledge and skills in school, and also an important way to cultivate students' ability to analyze and solve practical problems, work independently and enhance their innovative consciousness by using the basic theories, knowledge and skills they have learned.
Teaching Status of Graduation Design for Economic and Trade Majors in Higher Vocational Colleges
The teaching requirement of graduation design for economic and trade majors in undergraduate colleges is that students complete a graduation thesis in the graduation design stage. By controlling the quality of graduation thesis, the teaching quality of graduation design can be tested. This teaching mode is also widely used in economic and trade majors in higher vocational colleges.
In the teaching practice of graduation design for economic and trade majors in higher vocational colleges for many years, the author found that there are many problems in the graduation thesis of students in the graduation design stage, which directly affects the teaching quality of graduation design.
Students' topics are relatively empty, such as "trend analysis of an industry", "situation analysis of an industry" and "macro analysis of an industry". According to students' existing knowledge and ability, it is almost impossible to complete these topics.
Because of the inherent characteristics of economic and trade courses, that is, it is difficult to form the concept of space, it is difficult for students to find the specific feelings of "things", to find the starting point for applying what they have learned to the research object, and to apply what they have learned. Therefore, students rely too much on network materials in the process of writing papers, or they will not use the theories they have learned to find the starting point and will not use the methods they have learned to analyze and process materials. The result will inevitably lead to the use of computers and networks to mechanically edit, paste and pile up the collected materials according to the superficial understanding of the connotation of the thesis topic.
Lack of practicality, on the one hand, the paper shows the contradiction between students' limited knowledge and ability and a wide range of topics, on the other hand, because of the lack of practice and experience, it is difficult for students to choose topics that help improve their knowledge application and practical ability, which leads to the theoretical nature of students' topics far exceeding the practicality and operability.
The superficial understanding of students' thesis research leads to the decline of thesis quality, which is mainly caused by students and tutors. As for students, the understanding of the topic of the thesis is not comprehensive and in-depth, and the purpose of the research is not clear enough to summarize the main contents and core issues of the research. In the aspect of guiding teachers, the main reason is that the guiding process is not thorough enough, and it may be that the specific object of the paper research is not clear enough to give more in-depth guidance.
In graduation thesis writing, most students lack a sense of urgency or a sense of time, and some students lack a basic understanding of thesis writing, so they can't reasonably arrange the time and steps of writing a thesis, which is easy to form the phenomenon of loose before tight.
There are many reasons for the above problems, but the author believes that the fundamental reason is that the practice of extending the teaching requirements of graduation design for economic and trade majors in undergraduate colleges is not in line with the reality of higher vocational education. Higher vocational education trains high-skilled talents to meet the front-line needs of enterprises, not research-oriented talents. Therefore, the graduation design teaching of economic and trade specialty in higher vocational colleges must be reformed.
Economic and trade specialty in higher vocational colleges
Practice of Teaching Reform of Graduation Design
The Department of Economics and Trade of Changzhou Textile and Apparel Vocational and Technical College has carried out the following reform practice in the teaching of graduation design for economic and trade majors: instead of requiring students to complete a graduation thesis, students are asked to complete a graduation internship investigation report on the basis of graduation internship. Graduation design requires students to form a graduation internship investigation report after investigating some specific problems of internship enterprises in combination with the reality of internship enterprises. In order to standardize the requirements, on the basis of the guidance of the instructor, students are required to submit their completed graduation internship investigation report to the relevant person in charge of the internship enterprise for review, sign the evaluation opinions and affix the official seal of the internship unit.
Through the guidance of graduation design in 2006 and 2007 and the inspection of graduation practice investigation report, the current graduation design teaching reform has achieved the following results.
On the basis of graduation practice, practical students choose a topic to form a graduation practice investigation report after investigating a specific problem in the enterprise. By investigating practical problems, students comprehensively apply their professional knowledge to the investigation report, so as to achieve the teaching purpose of inspecting and cultivating students' ability to master and use knowledge.
Students with good practicality are investigating and studying the practical problems of internship enterprises, avoiding the generalities divorced from reality and the accumulation of various network materials in previous graduation thesis.
The initiative and enthusiasm of students have been significantly improved. After several months of internship, students have a preliminary understanding of the basic situation of internship enterprises. According to the information I have investigated, combined with my own interests, and with the specific help of my tutor, it is easy to choose the problems suitable for my research. In this way, students' initiative and enthusiasm in actually completing the graduation internship investigation report will be greatly improved.
The investigation report of graduation practice completed by students with strong school-enterprise linkage needs to be reviewed by the relevant person in charge of the internship enterprise before being submitted. Enterprises can find some useful suggestions through students' investigation reports. This not only mobilizes the enthusiasm of enterprises, but also strengthens the linkage between schools and enterprises, which can ensure the teaching quality of graduation design for economic and trade majors.
Economic and trade specialty in higher vocational colleges
Measures to Improve Graduation Design Teaching
Although the reform and practice of graduation design teaching for economic and trade majors have achieved initial results, it needs to be further improved and consolidated.
Strengthen the preparatory work, intervene in advance, and clearly require that through the analysis of graduation design practice in recent two years, the author finds that some graduates have poor ability to complete graduation design independently, and a few graduates cannot complete graduation design work on schedule. Therefore, in order to improve the work level of graduation design, it is necessary to make targeted preparations in the teaching plan, intervene in advance, and make clear the requirements. You can introduce the specifications, contents and format requirements of graduation project to students in the form of lectures one semester in advance, so that students can practice in a targeted manner. For example, students are required to complete an investigation report on the basis of social investigation in combination with social practice activities during the holidays, so as to consciously cultivate students' ability to complete graduation project. In the preparation stage of graduation design, every graduate and instructor should be clear about the significance, process, discipline, requirements, grading standards and defense requirements of graduation design.
Strengthen on-site guidance and process control. Students will encounter various problems in the process of graduation practice and graduation design. For example, how to collect and sort out the survey data and how to make better use of the survey data to analyze problems in the graduation internship survey report. Instructors' guidance is necessary, especially for those problems that need to be solved by guiding teachers to the student internship site and internship enterprise personnel. Instructors must give full play to their guiding role. In the process of graduation design guidance, the instructor should organize the inspection of the initial and middle stages of graduation design in strict accordance with the plan requirements, supervise and inspect the progress of students' graduation design work, make detailed records and strengthen process control.
In recent years, with the continuous expansion of higher vocational colleges, the number of students is increasing and the number of teachers is seriously insufficient, which makes teachers lack time and energy to guide each student's graduation design and affects the teaching quality of graduation design. The author believes that the pace of training young teachers should be accelerated. Because young teachers have a relatively high academic level and theoretical level, but lack practical experience, we can change the current single guidance to the guidance of the guidance group, so that teachers with practical experience can be the leader of the graduation design guidance group, and outstanding young teachers from different disciplines can participate in the guidance as members. In this way, instead of a teacher guiding several students, a guiding group can guide many students, which not only increases the intersection of disciplines, but also saves teachers.
To strengthen the graduation defense work and ensure a good defense, it should be said that the perfect graduation defense process and results are an important part of the quality of graduation design. Therefore, the instructor should let the students write the self-report of graduation defense, which is the essence of the graduation internship investigation report and the reprocessing of all the contents of the graduation internship investigation report. This process is helpful for students to deeply grasp the overall structure of graduation internship investigation report and improve the quality of graduation internship investigation report. In the process of defense organization, the defense procedure should be standardized, and the composition of defense team teachers should be reasonable, mainly teachers with senior and intermediate titles, and teachers with junior titles can participate.
The reform of graduation design for economic and trade majors in higher vocational colleges is a complicated work. Although the task is arduous, it is of great significance. We should sum up experience through practice, explore hard and do a better job in graduation design.