The Revolution of 1911 was called "a great bourgeois democratic revolution in the history of China" by the Portrait of Sun Yat-sen in China (16), which overthrew the feudal imperial power system practiced by the Manchu government and China for more than 2,000 years and established the first democratic Republic of China in Asia. All previous uprisings in China ended with one dynasty replacing another, but the Revolution of 1911 completely overthrew the monarchy and tried to establish a new political system-* * * harmony. Although the rules of democracy and peace were destroyed by the northern warlords to varying degrees many times, and even there was a brief restoration of monarchy, they could not fundamentally subvert the people and the state system. At that time, the successful revolutionaries in China didn't have a definite plan to govern the country, so they implemented the presidential system in accordance with the US Constitution and the American political system. Although due to the constraints of realistic social conditions and the rulers' contempt for the Constitution, for example, Sun Wen arbitrarily amended the Constitution of the Republic of China to restrain Yuan Shikai, who later suspended the Constitution because he proclaimed himself emperor, the democracy and system in the early years of the Republic of China were not really implemented, but this was the first time that China tried to implement democracy and regime, which promoted the spread of democracy and ideas in China and made democracy * * *. For a long time after the Revolution of 1911, China's ideas of imperialism and absolutism for more than 2,000 years were not completely eliminated. They once had a considerable social foundation. Although the China * * * production party claimed that the people's democratic dictatorship in People's Republic of China (PRC) established in 1949 realized "the real people are the masters of the country", some people think that in practice, the so-called "real democracy * * and" has never been fully implemented in China-whether it is the Beiyang government, the Nanjing National Government of the Kuomintang or the China people *.
The influence of ideology
From the perspective of ideological history, the Revolution of 1911 is also a profound enlightenment trend of thought. It makes democracy and ideas deeply rooted in people's hearts. In China Thought since Dong Zhongshu in Han Dynasty, the relationship between monarch and minister is the first of the "three cardinal guides and five permanents". The emperor is not only a political authority, but also an important basis and source of the legitimacy of many values in culture. The Revolution of 1911 overthrew the imperial system, which not only broke the values and political thoughts of imperial politics, but also impacted the authority of many traditional values dominated by Confucianism in China, resulting in the overthrow of national nihilism thoughts such as Confucius and Mencius and "total westernization" in the subsequent New Culture Movement. The disappearance of cultural authority has also made this generation of intellectuals feel unprecedented anxiety. Therefore, a new value system with a complete system, such as anarchism, liberalism, the Three People's Principles and socialism (especially * * * productism with a clear process), has become the new belief of a large number of China intellectuals.
economic impact
In addition, since the independent response of the provinces in the Revolution of 1911, China has entered a long period of division and chaos. Except for Yuan Shikai's brief reunification of the country after the Second Revolution, other regimes in the Republic of China failed to directly rule the whole of China (for example, the so-called unified national government could only collect taxes from five provinces), and it was not until the 1950s that Chinese mainland was unified by the China * * * production party. Long-term division and war have greatly hindered China's economic development and modernization.
social influence
The impact of the Revolution of 1911 on China society was not as great as expected. Although the Revolution of 1911 is often called "bourgeois revolution in China", China at that time actually lacked a strong bourgeoisie, which was not the main participant in the revolution, and the success of the revolution did not directly contribute to its further development. In the transformation of the traditional society, the Revolution of 1911 only overthrew the Manchu dignitaries at the top of the society, but most of the gentry from other provinces and the old bureaucrats of the Han nationality who were dominant in the traditional local society in China also turned to revolution in the Revolution of 1911 and gained their position, further consolidating their position. The Revolution of 1911 did not reconstruct the social structure like the Western bourgeois revolution. More people took part in the Revolution of 1911, including soldiers, old bureaucrats and gentry from all over the country. These people remained in power after the Revolution of 1911. Although Sun Yat-sen, its main leader, was born as a civilian intellectual, the poor civilian class in China did not participate in the Revolution of 1911, so the living conditions did not fundamentally change after the Revolution of 1911. After the Revolution of 1911, the warlord regime, a large number of wars and military politics made the traditional gentry bureaucrats with knowledge and prestige gradually decline, and they were replaced by people with military backgrounds and local bandits and bullies. The Revolution of 1911 did not fundamentally change/kloc-the population increase after the 8th century, the land annexation in the late Qing Dynasty, and the oppression and economic aggression of western powers against China.
The influence of life culture
"New clothes are bursting, and the top of the ridge is full of clothes; Cut your hair and braid it; Patriotic hat, melon skin hat out; The sky is full of vitality, and the feet are destroyed; The solar calendar is prosperous, and the lunar calendar is destroyed; Gong Ju Li Xing, Bowing ... Song "The Portrait of Jiao Ren (6)"