Microbes, as decomposers in the biosphere, can decompose organic matter produced by other organisms into water and carbon dioxide, so that organic matter can return to nature. Therefore, microorganisms are widely used in agriculture and industry. As early as ancient times, people used microbial fermentation to make wine.

With the development of synthetic biology technology, microorganisms play an important role in environmental protection, bioenergy and medicine. In addition, some microorganisms are born to human beings, and there are a large number of microbial communities in skin, mouth and intestine, which is of great significance to human health. For example, intestinal flora can provide nutrition and resist the invasion of pathogens.

Of course, there are microorganisms that are beneficial to people and microorganisms that can make people sick. Just like COVID-19, which is now rampant all over the world, this microorganism is called pathogenic microorganism. But pathogenic microorganisms are also valuable, such as botulinum toxin, which can produce neurotoxin and is now used to treat strabismus, spasm and other diseases.

At present, there are no reports and institutions to protect microbial diversity. Although it is difficult to say that human behavior will lead to the extinction of microorganisms, human activities have always affected the microbial community.

In terms of biodiversity protection, the first thing is to protect the diversity of animals and plants, because it also protects the living environment of microorganisms. At the same time, we should also improve the gene bank and strain bank of microorganisms. Microbial diversity is also of great significance to scientific research, so we should also pay attention to and protect microbial diversity.