The global economy is developing towards informationization based on computers and information networks.
Exhibition. Agricultural informatization has become an important symbol of modern agriculture. Agriculture in China has begun.
From traditional agriculture to modern agriculture, information technology is widely used in agriculture.
In all industrial fields,
I. Information technology
Information technology is the application of the principles and methods of information science, processing information,
In order to expand the functions of human information organs. It sets communication (communication)
, C omputer (Computer) and control (CCControl) technology in one, China.
Also known as "3C" technology, its contents include information receiving technology and information transmission.
Technology, information processing technology and information control technology. Four contents of information technology
Among them, information transmission technology and information processing technology are the core of the whole information technology.
Information acceptance technology and information control technology are the interface between the core and the outside world.
The four constitute a complete functional system, which is related to human information organs and their functions.
System correspondence. Its contents are integrated with each other, forming many application development technologies, such as
Database technology, artificial intelligence, expert system, remote sensing technology, geographic information system,
Global positioning system, computer-aided decision-making system, automatic control technology, multimedia
Technology, computer network technology, etc. They penetrate into all aspects of agriculture, completely
It shows the strong vitality and broad application prospects of information technology.
Second, the main application of information technology in agriculture
(1) Monitoring the agricultural situation. The main task of agricultural situation monitoring is to monitor cultivated land.
Change, area, growth, disaster and yield of grain and cotton crops. Due to information technology
Development, "3S" technology (remote sensing technology, geographic information system, global positioning system) has been
It is suitable for monitoring the agricultural situation at the national and global levels.
1, natural disaster monitoring. With the support of G IS technology, remote sensing can be obtained.
The organic combination of disaster information and ground truth information, drought, flood and forest
Dynamic monitoring of forest disasters, snowstorms, soil erosion, pests and diseases. Because of the distance
Sensing and geographic information technology can obtain relevant information timely and accurately, and has been widely used.
In terms of information collection and information processing, pre-disaster warning, disaster monitoring and post-disaster evaluation are realized.
Estimate. At present, China is mainly used for flood, crop diseases and insect pests, drought and land waste.
Desertification monitoring, forest fires, etc.
2. Agricultural yield estimation and growth dynamic monitoring. Application of information technology in agricultural production
Its application is mainly in four aspects, namely, crop growth simulation model, agricultural expert system,
Real-time control system of agricultural production and crop yield estimation by remote sensing. Crop growth simulation is beneficial.
Use professional knowledge and mathematical model to simulate crop growth through computer analysis.
Process to help solve the problems of diversification and uncertainty, crop yield estimation (including growth potential monitoring)
Agricultural information has always been of great concern to people. The United States ends with 1975- 1979.
It has become a large-scale crop inventory test (LA C I plan) and has been implemented in China.
Based on Landsat T M data, the output is estimated by sampling remote sensing, and the area block diagram is obtained.
Work. The application of Landsat data in wheat remote sensing was carried out in 1983- 1985 in China.
Study on comprehensive yield measurement by induction. Expert system is based on knowledge, which focuses on specific problems.
A computer system that can solve complex practical problems like a human expert. I
Since 1980s, China has developed nearly 40 kinds of expert systems, such as small sand-covered black soil.
Expert system for wheat fertilization, expert system for diagnosis and treatment of major rice diseases and insect pests, and expert system for wheat jade.
Expert system of rice and silkworm variety breeding, agrometeorological expert system, etc. agricultural production
Real-time control system is mainly used for irrigation, cultivation, fruit harvesting and animal husbandry production.
Automatic process control, automatic control of agricultural products processing and agricultural production plants.
China has also developed the monitoring of cultivated land change by using remote sensing and GIS technology.
System, cotton planting area remote sensing survey system, crop yield climate analysis and prediction
System, crop short-,medium-and long-term forecasting model, wheat and rice yield estimation information system by remote sensing.
Unification, etc. The practical application of these achievements will greatly promote the management of agricultural production in China.
Modernization and informatization.
3. Agricultural environment monitoring. With the increase of population, human beings plunder resources.
The development of agriculture has caused serious environmental problems and affected agricultural production. information technology
Quickly find out all kinds of agricultural resources and their distribution, and understand and master the environmental situation; correct
Effectively monitor limited agricultural resources and environmental changes; Predict the impact of various measures on the following aspects
The possible impact on agricultural resources and environment, realize the rational development and utilization of resources,
Protect the ecological environment.
(2) Quality inspection of agricultural products. After China's accession to the WTO, agricultural products are facing
In international competition, whether agricultural products can enter the international market depends on the quality of products.
Therefore, it is very important to detect the quality of agricultural products. 1995 USA
The high-speed and high-frequency computer vision fruit grading system based on M erling has been successfully developed.
Used for grading and quality control of apples, pears, peaches and other fruits. Agricultural workers in China
In order to improve the quality of agricultural products, the author applies modern information technology to products.
The research of quality inspection system, the research and application of these systems can be detected in time.
Product quality index, analysis and simulation quality. According to these letters, the producer
Timely control or adjust the application of chemical fertilizers and pesticides to avoid chemical fertilizers and agriculture.
Unnecessary use of drugs causes product residues and affects product quality.
(3) Farmland classification and soil nutrient management. Farmland grading is a kind of confrontation.
Determine the internal attributes of soil productivity and external environmental factors that affect soil productivity.
Comprehensive evaluation, using quantitative indicators to determine the quality grade of land, for the development of a.
Close the agricultural policy, comprehensively control the middle and low soil, establish high and stable yield fields and promote agriculture.
Provide a foundation for the sustained, stable and coordinated development of the industry. G is a powerful spatial data analysis.
Processing capacity and mapping function provide technical support for the completion of agricultural land classification.
(4) Application in management and business decision-making. Our country is trying to build a country.
Public digital communication network, national public economic information backbone communication network and other national letters
Build a national highway and fully implement the "golden" project. National agricultural information network
A large-scale information poverty alleviation project is being implemented, and the Ministry of Agriculture started with 1994.
On the basis of China Agricultural Information Network, the agricultural product production and marketing information system will be gradually developed.
Network, the completion of these networks will change the agricultural information service system around China.
The environment is conducive to the macro-decision guidance of government departments at all levels on agricultural development and improve
Office automation level, quickly and accurately provide all-round information to rural areas and farmers.
Service. As long as farmers have a microcomputer terminal, they can get it in time through the network.
Agricultural laws and regulations, agricultural policies, market conditions, product sales and other information, reasonable integration.
Buy agricultural materials and sell products to promote rural market prosperity and economic growth.
(5) Application in agricultural research and technology extension. China has built agriculture.
Computer Management System for Scientific Research Projects (A R IC M S), China Agricultural Literature Database,
China agricultural scientific and technological achievements database, China agricultural scientific research project database, agricultural practical.
Technical database, etc. It also introduces some of the most important agricultural data in the world.
At present, four large-scale agricultural information databases, namely United, have been established around the world.
FAO's Agricultural Database and International Food Information Database (IFIS).
USDA Agricultural Online Database, International Agriculture
Database of the Center for Industrial and Biological Sciences (B I). In addition to introducing the world's large-scale
In addition to databases, I have also established dozens of agricultural and forestry databases. The operation of these databases
Banking and service industries have achieved social and economic benefits and provided agricultural production.
A large number of agricultural information resources and science and technology have promoted the development of production.
Three. Problems existing in the application of information technology in China's agriculture
(A) farmers' cultural quality is low, and they lack high-level agricultural information technology development talents.
Information awareness and ability to use information are not strong. Information technology is a high technology.
Technology, its development and application need high-tech talents. Due to the low cultural quality of farmers,
The poor ability of farmers to use information has become a major obstacle to the implementation of information agriculture.
(2) The cost of information agriculture is too high to popularize it. Information agriculture
Information agriculture technology and equipment supported by information technology, such as monitors, computers,
G is software, and equipment such as G PS equipment is expensive. The per capita net income of farmers in China is only
22 10.34 yuan, farmers are unable to buy expensive technical equipment, and information agriculture is struggling.
Promotion.
(3) The basic work level of agricultural informatization is low, and the degree of informatization and networking is low.
Low. China has established a number of agricultural information resource banks, but their quantity and quality are far from each other.
Not enough to form an information industry. The overall level of agricultural information technology is not high, informationization,
The low degree of networking is mainly manifested in two aspects: First, although China has been comprehensive,
Start the "golden" project and speed up the construction of various information networks and highways.
However, the development of different regions is very uneven, and the number of PCs accessing LAN in China is average.
The level is very low, only 12, while the United States, Japan, Australia and South Korea have reached it respectively.
68, 26, 64, 35; The second is the development of database and networking of various application software.
The low level seriously restricts the popularization and application of information technology.
(D) The overall service level of the information agriculture system is not high. High-level agricultural information technology
There is a shortage of technical development talents and low ability to use information technology. So far, China has also
A professional agricultural information service team has not yet been established, and the existing information technology
The shortage of technicians and the low quality of service personnel have affected the quality of information service.
Fourth, promote the revolution of agricultural information technology and accelerate the development of agricultural informatization.
Exhibition countermeasures
(a) establish and improve the agricultural information industry and agricultural information system. government
Should assume the guiding responsibility of agricultural informatization, and actively play social organizations,
The role of farmers and other social forces in the development of agricultural informatization. Should be popularized
Computer and computer knowledge, cultivate agricultural information market and information industry, and promote
Improve the agricultural information system to ensure the application and popularization of information technology in agriculture.
Good environment.
(2) Strengthen the management of information market. We should strengthen the development of agricultural information resources.
Unified planning and guidance, and gradually establish and improve the utilization and construction of information resources at all levels.
Establish standards and data update system, and strengthen the research and application of data update technology.
At the same time, strengthen the management and legislation of the information market to avoid repeated construction of information databases.
Design, improve the level of database networking, and enhance the enjoyment, development and benefit of data.
Using agricultural databases in provinces, cities, counties and other regions to promote the construction of local agricultural informatization.
Establish a process.
(3) Vigorously strengthen the construction of national information network. Agricultural informatization and information technology
Application technology should rely on the national information backbone network to speed up the construction of "rural network" project. Hairy outward
Under the influence of the main channel of national investment, all localities and relevant agricultural departments should increase investment.
, the establishment of regional network, local network, and with the domestic backbone network, Internet integration, to achieve
Agricultural technicians, managers and farmers visit the network. Strengthen high-level agricultural information technology
Personnel training to enhance the information awareness of the whole people. Strengthen the networking and diversification of agricultural application software
The research of media and visualization enables agricultural information technology to be popularized remotely.
Cheng education.
(four) the construction of agricultural information technology base, strengthen the demonstration and popularization of information technology.
Choose areas with strong public information awareness and good information infrastructure to establish agriculture.
Information technology demonstration base, organize agronomists, information experts and economists to participate in planning.
Planning construction and implementation. And accelerate the popularization of mature information technology achievements and conduct experiments at the same time.
Application, summing up experience according to the test situation, and vigorously promoting it to other areas after maturity,
The road of "experiment-popularization" to make agricultural information technology practical.