1, Chinese and Aesthetic Education
Among all the factors of teenagers' all-round development, aesthetic education has special significance. Soviet educator Suhomlinski said: "Beauty is a powerful source of moral purity, spiritual richness and sound sports." This shows the important position of aesthetic education in personal development. Aesthetic education includes social aesthetic education and school aesthetic education, among which school aesthetic education includes aesthetic education, environmental beautification and aesthetic education activities in various subject courses. However, in the course of aesthetic education, people often think that the responsibility lies only in music, art and so on, but fail to realize or notice that other disciplines can and should also tap the factors of beauty, and timely carry out aesthetic education for students, so that students can master scientific and cultural knowledge from emotional experience. Due to the characteristics of Chinese subject, from a certain point of view, its aesthetic education task is more obligatory, and its role may be more significant and far-reaching. Chinese aesthetic education can effectively purify the soul, cultivate sentiment, accumulate aesthetic experience, improve aesthetic ability, cultivate imagination and develop creative thinking ability. In a word, Chinese and aesthetic education are closely related, and aesthetic education plays an important role in Chinese teaching and is of great significance to students' physical and mental development.
Chinese moral education can only be achieved perfectly through aesthetic education.
The idea of "moral education" is good, and the idea of "the integration of literature and Taoism" has long existed, such as Han Yu's "the theory of literature carrying Taoism", which provides a theoretical basis. But there will be all kinds of confusion in the concrete implementation. For example, 1 travel notes have been taught, so it is summarized as: "This article shows the author's thoughts and feelings of loving the motherland. As a young man in the new era, what should he do? ..... "Is this even if you are finished? Are students really well educated? Moreover, Chinese has its own characteristics, and poetry articles seem to be full of "morality" instead of "Tao", so it is inappropriate for 1 law to label all works, which is often encountered in Chinese teaching practice.
However, there is 1 factor that can run through poetry and prose from beginning to end, and that is beauty. Social life, natural scenery, humanistic language, etc. Whether the score of 10 is rich or not reflects that the works and articles of 1 are also rich and colorful, which can arouse readers' aesthetic feeling. If we can guide students to "fall in love with the last poem", savor the poetic nature, appreciate the characters with different personalities, experience the rich thoughts and feelings of human beings, feel the profound philosophy of life, appreciate the artistic beauty of works with different characteristics such as architecture, painting, sculpture and music, and appreciate the linguistic beauty of different styles ... In short, let students feel and know the world in an aesthetic way and be influenced by it. It can make them cultivate noble aesthetic taste and produce 1 kind of strong desire to pursue sublimity, beauty and civilization from the deep heart, so as to make a qualitative leap in people's ideological spirit and better realize the expected goal of moral education. As we all know, How Steel was Tempered 1 This book educates and inspires several generations of young people with its vivid artistic image, making them become a new generation of industrialists. A scientist/kloc-0 has said that it is those beautiful landscape poems and essays that make them deeply feel the cleanliness and beauty of nature and are determined to devote themselves to the environmental protection of the motherland. This is a great achievement of aesthetic education. The essence of moral education in this paper is aesthetic education. Only by looking at the problem in this way and putting it into practice can the Chinese subject not only have the characteristics of "tool", but also gain wider and deeper significance.
The implementation of aesthetic education in Chinese subject is the key to improve students' interest in learning and teaching quality.
"Chinese is difficult to teach" is often said by teachers, and I feel the same way; "Chinese is difficult to learn", which is reflected by many students. In fact, the fundamental reason for "difficulty" is not that teachers' teaching level is not high, nor that students don't want to learn, but that it is difficult to really and effectively improve students' interest in learning Chinese. "Cramming" makes students turn off their appetite, "Cramming" makes students dizzy, pure knowledge teaching makes students uninterested, and political graphic analysis makes students daunting. These practices have seriously dampened students' enthusiasm for learning. In order to improve the level of exam-taking, people attach importance to the cultivation of ability, and put the main goals of teaching activities on summarizing the general idea, summarizing the center, sorting out ideas and analyzing writing characteristics with examples, and strengthening basic language training. Although these measures are not wrong and it is necessary to cultivate students' ability, if we do this every day, thousands of 1 laws will form "stereotyped writing" from introducing writing background to summarizing writing characteristics in teaching, and there will be stylization. Russian educator ushinski said: "Without any interest, being recently studied will stifle students' willingness to master knowledge. "In the long run, the quality of education can be imagined.
Where is the hope and the way out? Answer: "It lies in aesthetic education." Bruner, an American psychologist, said: "The best stimulus of learning is interest in the textbooks you have studied." The content of Chinese is extremely extensive, with rich and profound beauty, such as natural beauty, humanistic beauty, spiritual beauty, artistic beauty, linguistic beauty, style beauty, structural beauty and so on, which can be described as colorful and beautiful. Young students are emotional and susceptible to infection. As long as it is properly guided, the effect will be ideal. Whenever young people appreciate the scenery of 1, taste the artistic conception of 1, know the typical characters of 1, understand the philosophy of life of 1, or understand the scientific principle of 1, they will feel the joy and satisfaction of 1, just like spring rain. In teaching, as long as teachers can pay attention to inducing students to experience beauty from time to time, feel beauty everywhere, appreciate beauty carefully and be diligent in creating beauty, there is no doubt that 1 will cultivate students' strong interest in learning Chinese, change "hard reading" into "fast reading", happily master Chinese knowledge, broaden their horizons and appreciate the richness of human beings. As long as teachers can skillfully combine the factors of beauty in specific teaching activities, take discovering beauty, appreciating beauty and creating beauty as important teaching contents, and update the concept and method of 1, Chinese teaching will be as vigorous as picking up green branches or icing on the cake, showing the brilliant prospect of 1, which may fundamentally improve the quality of Chinese teaching.
2. Aesthetic education factors in Chinese.
Aesthetic education factors in Chinese are extremely rich and extensive. Here, "beauty" is a broad aesthetic concept of 1, that is, inner and form, concreteness and abstraction, content and artistic writing, truth and goodness, ugliness and evil, joy and pain, loveliness and horror, nature and society ... All who reach the artistic level of 1 can form a certain aesthetic feeling. What I want to say here is that "truth, goodness and beauty" and "joy" are beautiful, which is easy to understand. As for "ugliness" and "pain", how can something that makes people feel negative form aesthetic feeling? Let's listen to 107 century French philosopher Boylaud. He said, "Only truth is beautiful, and only truth is lovely". "He believes that as long as it is realistic, art can describe ugly things as objects that can be appreciated," he said. "There is absolutely no 1 poisonous snake or hateful monster that can be pleasing to the eye through artistic imitation." "Fine-fried pen and ink can use fascinating stunts to turn what people are most afraid of into cute and interesting things." The villain is hateful, but we comment on his 1 word 1 line with relish. Balzac created Grandet's stingy image with exaggerated art. Engels pointed out that Balzac described ugliness as beauty. Shakespeare's four tragedies are enough to make people cry, but we still admire them. In this regard, the American aesthetician Hume's "sympathy theory" pointed out that these objects often have aesthetic feeling because they satisfy and satisfy people's sympathy, so people can appreciate them.
Chinese works with different styles and themes all contain rich beauty, which is the accumulation and precipitation of a long history and culture and can be used as the content of aesthetic education in teaching. Here's a brief explanation.
(1) Theme, People and Environment
1, a beautiful theme. How does poetry give people aesthetic feeling? First of all, they have distinct and prominent themes, or praise a certain spirit, such as narrative works, which make people learn and be infected; Or explain a certain truth, such as an argumentative essay, which makes people inspired; Or explain something or something, such as an explanatory article, to enrich people's knowledge. This is also a function of 1, which can make people feel happy and satisfied and produce aesthetic feeling. For example, the prose poem Haiyan, by describing Haiyan's "proudly flying" on the stormy sea, praised the revolutionary's spirit of longing for fighting and bravery, and deeply shocked the readers' hearts. Let students feel the content of the work concretely, and then dig deep into the beauty of the theme to cultivate students' hearts and sentiments.
2. Beautiful people. The theme of narrative works is embodied by typical characters. In poems, essays, novels, plays and other works at home and abroad, the writer has created many characters, all of which are lifelike, such as unconscious Ah Q, loyal Liu Lanzhi, brave Liu Hezhen, unyielding Dou E and so on. At the same time, the works also show rich human thoughts and feelings, such as the feelings of comrades, friends, husband and wife, teachers, fathers, homesickness, worrying about the country and the people, etc. It is necessary to guide students to deeply appreciate the beauty of life and constantly enrich their emotions through the appreciation of characters.
3. The environment is beautiful. Environment includes natural environment and social environment. Let's talk about the beauty of natural art, which refers to the artistic natural scenery written by writers. From different angles, they have their own characteristics, such as dynamic beauty, static beauty, color beauty, three-dimensional beauty, imagination beauty and so on. For example, in Wang Wei's poem Moonlight in the Pine Woods and Crystal Stone in the Creek, the stillness of the picture is set off by the movement of flowing spring water, and the quietness of the environment is set off by the sound of flowing spring water. The colors are distinct, such as the silvery white of the moon, the dark green of pine trees, the beautiful image of imaginary trees (black), the indigo blue of the sky and the colors of stones, which constitute the picturesque quiet scene of 1 The language is simple and natural, revealing the author's comfortable seclusion feelings. It can be seen that when students are influenced by the beauty of natural art, they should not only carefully taste the specific scenery image, but also take into account the author's feelings, because the description of scenery often contains feelings in the scenery, reflecting the implicit beauty of 1.
Let's talk about the artistic beauty of the social environment. Many concrete and vivid typical social environments described by the author provide students with opportunities to understand the social characteristics of a certain area, such as wind, desire and people's feelings, as well as the relationship between people. For example, Luzhen in old China ate Sister Xianglin, Russia in the Great Revolution era had a revolutionary mother, and so on. In teaching, students must be allowed to appreciate the typical social environment in combination with characters, themes and other factors, so that they can specifically understand the present and history of the objective world in the artistic atmosphere.
(2) Language art and writer's style
The artistic style of poetry and prose is colorful and expressive, such as the beauty of implicit humor of "implication", the beauty of concise and sculpted words with rich meanings, the beauty of mutual naturalness close to sketching, the beauty of gorgeous and rich colors, the beauty of different sentence patterns, the charming rhetoric art, the beauty of accuracy and rigor and the beauty of music rhythm, and so on. In order to enhance the artistic charm of language, writers have painstakingly refined words, sentences and meanings, vowing that "language is not surprisingly endless", often "for the stability of 1 words, for the tolerance of rich snacks and cold weather". Therefore, when we guide students to appreciate the language, we must not do it in isolation, but depends on how accurately and vividly it expresses ideas and contents.
In addition, the language art and work style of different writers are also varied, such as Du Fu's rigorous language and Li Bai's gorgeous words; The broadness of Qin Mu's prose, the poetry of Yang Shuo's prose, the meticulous description of Zhu Ziqing's prose and the delicate language are like bright stars. Teachers should not only let students know the characteristics through the materials in class, but also encourage students to understand deeply in combination with relevant reading in class.
(3) the structure of the work
Hume, an aesthete, believes that a reasonable order and structure is 1 kind of beauty, because "order and structure are suitable for making the mind feel happy and satisfied."
1, complete, harmonious and beautiful. This means that all parts of the article are relatively complete, with ingenious internal connections and appropriate external combinations, which share the same performance theme and reflect the author's complete thinking. At the same time, the proportion of each part is appropriate, which can effectively express the content, such as "limelight, pork belly, leopard layer" and so on. The writing is meticulous and appropriate, echoing from beginning to end, reflecting the overall beauty of symmetry and harmony.
2. The structure is smooth and beautiful. Here refers to structural coherence, that is, clear thinking, clear context, and natural and comprehensive transition. For example, Zhu Ziqing's "Green" is full of praise for "green", which means the beauty of fluency and mobility.
3. The logic is rigorous and beautiful. This is about the rigor and rationality of the internal connection in the structure. Intrinsic relations are essentially causal relations, such as narratives that clearly describe the cause and effect, argumentative papers that clarify many "why" and so on. These deep relationships are clear with 10. Another example is that the plot is properly arranged, and the height of ideas and materials is 1, which shows that the characteristics of the object and the harmony of the order arrangement all reflect the rationality of 1.
Structure belongs to form, and it serves the content. The appreciation of structural art, like the language 1, should also be related to the needs of specific content, otherwise it will lose its substantive significance.
Aesthetic education factors in Chinese are far more than these. As long as you dig deeper, you will find many new discoveries. As long as it is used reasonably, students can benefit a lot.
3. The implementation of aesthetic education
The above briefly discusses the important position, function and factors of aesthetic education in Chinese teaching, so how to implement aesthetic education? The following are some common methods of 1.
Carefully designed appreciation point.
On the premise of changing ideas, teachers should carefully design teaching, study teaching materials, discover and create as many "scenic spots" as possible to "entertain" students. All kinds of poems have their own aesthetic factors. Even in the application text, SMS has its beauty of simplicity and clarity. Therefore, we can explore the content, language and structure of teaching materials, and take the beauty with typical significance as the important content of aesthetic education. According to the teaching purpose and the characteristics of different materials, we should reasonably arrange the order, priorities, methods and steps of classroom thinking activities, predict the difficulties that students may encounter, prepare specific methods and materials for inspiration and inspiration, and look forward to its effect. In short, when preparing lessons, we should make comprehensive consideration and make careful plans. Only by careful planning before class can we "win" the class.
Creating an atmosphere is conducive to induction.
It is very important to create a 1 good atmosphere for appreciation and research in order to enable students to learn and master Chinese knowledge or skills with a positive and enthusiastic attitude and effectively receive aesthetic education. At this time, the teacher's language is 10. It must be full of enthusiasm and agitation, not dull and indifferent. For example, before teaching "Climbing Mount Tai in the Rain", if you say, "Classmate, have you ever been to Mount Tai, the head of the five mountains? Have you ever enjoyed climbing in the rain? Have you ever seen the strange scenery in the rain? Today, let's follow the footsteps of the author, spread the wings of imagination, and enjoy the unique and colorful beauty of Mount Tai in the rain of 1! " In this way, the students' spirit may be aroused by 1, and they will show some interest and be eager to try. This is a good start for 1. In the teaching process, through a series of 1 teacher and student activities such as inspiration, demonstration, discussion, speech and summary, the climax of 1 is formed, which makes the atmosphere more enthusiastic, so it is expected to receive better results.
Students are the main body of classroom activities, and teachers should be good at inducing. Timely and accurate inspiration and guidance can often arouse students' inspiration, ignite the spark of wisdom, and make them open-minded, cheerful and interested. This kind of "guidance" can be non-directional, such as "look at the beauty of this work", but 1 is directional, with 1 levels, from large to small, from shallow to deep, which is to save class hours and highlight key points, and also because the object is middle school students. For example: "This article is very distinctive in the psychological description of the characters, so we should pay more attention to it"-focus on the psychological activities in xx paragraph, see what are the highlights, what are the most typical details and keywords, and combine them with other contents to achieve it. Think about it with the steps of 1, and talk about what artistic means the author used to create such a beautiful image of 1, and so on.
Discuss and compare.
Throw out the question of "appreciation of strange articles and analysis of doubtful points", let students have a heated discussion on the basis of personal thinking, let everyone have the opportunity to express their opinions, inspire each other and complement each other, form a good habit of discussing knowledge, form a warm classroom atmosphere and improve their interest in learning. Then let the students express their opinions in the whole class, and proceed to step 1 to expand the scope of communication and let everyone reach a certain degree of beauty.
Only when there is comparison can there be discrimination, and poetry often needs multi-angle and multi-level comparison to show its advantages and disadvantages and characteristics. When guiding students to understand the wonderful part of the text, they can compare it with articles with similar themes but poor quality to highlight the aesthetic feeling; Compare similar excellent prose to illustrate the characteristics of beauty. 1 sentence, so that students can really understand beauty in their thinking and lay the foundation for creating symptoms.
Imagination, association and recreation.
When teachers guide students to carry out aesthetic activities, it is particularly important for students to spread their imagination wings according to aesthetic objects, make extensive associations and re-create their thinking. Hegel, a famous German aesthete, once said: "The most outstanding artistic skill is imagination, but at the same time, we should be careful not to confuse imagination with purely passive fantasy, which is creative." For example, in literary works, writers depict vivid images through language. It is also necessary to understand these languages, mobilize the accumulation of previous representations, and reproduce the vivid images of the objective things depicted in the works in your mind. This is 1 kind of recreated imagination. Only in this way can we have a sense of beauty for the aesthetic object. But even this would not be enough We need to go to step 1 to associate with each other, analyze from the shallow to the deep, connect with the background of the times, observe the author's feelings, understand the connotation, and add the personality characteristics of the appreciator, such as relevant experience accumulation, hobbies, knowledge level and comprehensive analysis ability. So as to form an overall aesthetic judgment and evaluation of the aesthetic object, which is actually 6544.
Combination of oral and written.
Most of the aesthetic objects can be appreciated orally, and the typical ones or those that should be mastered can be deeply tasted, carefully analyzed and expressed in words, so that every student of 1 can study hard, truly appreciate beauty, reveal beauty in an orderly manner and cultivate aesthetic ability quickly.
Presentation summary is very important.
If teachers let themselves drift, do not demonstrate, and only let students do activities without summarizing, it is called "herding sheep", which is often very poor in effect and difficult to improve students' aesthetic level. Therefore, in addition to teaching the law and being good at inspiring, we must first demonstrate and set an example; Only by summing up in the end and consolidating and improving can we really play a teacher-led role.
Encourage writing to create beauty.
After aesthetic education or aesthetic edification in and out of class, students gradually enhance their aesthetic judgment ability and form their own unique aesthetic taste. On the basis of scientifically guiding them to observe and experience the objective world, they are warmly encouraged to write articles and create beauty in person, show their aesthetic judgment and interest in objective things in practice, and experience the ups and downs of writers' artistic beauty creation. Composition is 1 creative thinking, which is the highest level of aesthetic consciousness, because it can create a brand-new artistic image that has never been seen before.
Concluding remarks
Aesthetic education is an indispensable part of Chinese teaching (including in and out of class) 1. The long and splendid civilization of mankind has provided us with rich aesthetic education materials. As long as we practice enthusiastically and explore 1 a set of scientific methods, 1 will certainly receive good educational results and improve the quality of Chinese teaching 1 step.