Expand knowledge and reference materials 1. Modern Chinese, edited by Liao Xudong, Gansu People's Publishing House, Volume II 1983, 3rd edition.
2. Modern Chinese, edited by Zhang Zhigong, Volume II, China Central Radio and TV University Press, 1985 edition.
3. Modern Chinese, edited by Wu Zhankun, Hebei People's Publishing House, 1985 edition.
1, a phrase consisting of notional words and notional words.
A phrase is a linguistic unit in which words and words are combined in some way. The combination of words can be the combination of content words and content words, or the combination of content words and function words. The common phrases of notional words and notional words mainly include:
(1), subject-predicate phrase
It consists of a subject and a predicate. The subject is the object of the predicate statement, and the predicate is the subject of explanation and statement. These two parts are the relationship between statement and statement. Subject-predicate phrases can be divided into the following forms according to their internal structural components:
⑴、S+V/S+VP
We sing, grandpa sleeps in, I go to Beijing, I say
Everyone is talking about beans everywhere. The exam is over and the rooster crows.
⑵、S+A/S+AP
Bonuses, economic prosperity, and strong-willed people are exhausted.
Lots of flowers, ripe persimmons, big figure.
⑶、S+N/S+NP
Tomorrow is sunny, October 1st, National Day, and today is Wednesday.
These three tables have three legs, a catty of cabbage and five cents. Lu Xun is from Zhejiang.
⑷、S+SP
China is a resource-rich water town, full of songs. This man is very arrogant.
② Predicate-object phrase
It consists of two parts: predicate and object. The first part is a predicate, and the Han people should act as verbs. The second half is the object, which is dominated and related by the predicate. These two parts are the relationship between domination and domination. Predicate-object phrases can be divided into the following forms according to their internal structural components:
Qi Huyang's Modern Chinese Phrases
Teaching postscript
V+N/ V+NP
Some people are his collective concern about eating vegetables and science.
I learned a lot from the frontier of the motherland.
V+V/ V+VP
Like to eat is worth doing, advocate greedy enjoyment and criticize.
Like to eat popsicles is worth doing. I advocate going to Hangzhou.
V+A/ V+SP
Love cleanliness, avoid crowding, it is difficult to be quiet and too strict.
It's worth going to, forbid you to smoke and be content with poverty.
(3), predicate-complement phrases
It consists of two parts: predicate and complement. The former part is predicate, which is mainly acted by verbs and adjectives. The second half is a complement, which supplements and explains the predicate. These two parts are the relationship between complement and complement. According to its internal structural components, predicate-complement phrases can be divided into the following forms:
⑴、V/ A+V/ A
Eat, grow, tighten, clarify and dry.
⑵、V+A+ gets +V/A/VP/ AP/ SP。
Learn to play, listen and speak clearly.
Wipe it clean, bend over with laughter and sweat.
(3), v+ quantifier phrase
Cut a knife and kick. Read it three times and twice.
(4), partial positive phrases
It consists of modifiers and headwords. The former part is a modifier, which is divided into attributive and adverbial, and the latter part is the head language. There is a relationship between modification and modification. According to the different nature of modifiers, the modifier phrase can be divided into two forms: attributive phrase and formal phrase. According to its internal structure, it can be divided into the following forms:
( 1)，n/v/a/NP/VP/AP/SP+(of) +N /NP。
Dachang tea hero postgraduate dormitory
The wisdom of the masses, the time won by a beautiful autumn.
⑵, ⑵ +V /A, N /NP+
Information search, contract signing, teacher visit
Fox's cunning, China's host's hospitality, people come and go complicated.
(3), (3), F /A /V /PP++ (ground) +V /A /VP AP
Very good, very responsible, don't work hard, study hard.
Wait quietly, wait and see, and come in panting.
⑷、VP /NP +V
Keep saying that there are plans to improve formalism and look at the problem.
⑸、F+N/NP
Only Tuesdays and 1 1 months, with only three in between.
⑤, joint phrase
Composed of two or more parts, it has the relationship of juxtaposition, progression and selection. Some parts are combined directly, some parts are combined with related words, and some parts are separated by pauses or commas. Joint phrases can be divided into the following forms according to their internal structural components:
⑴，N /NP+ N/ NP
Teachers and students, we are with you in Beijing, Shanghai and Tianjin.
Five students in three divisions, middle school students and college students.
⑵、V/ VP+V/VP
Talking and laughing, discussing food and clothing
* * * Study together * * * Study together, visit the campus and give academic reports.
⑶、A /AP /SP+A /AP /SP
Smart, young, strong, great and simple.
Very good and poor, excellent, excellent and relatively excellent.
⑥ appositive phrases
These two parts overlap and refer to each other, representing the same thing. The appositive phrases have the following components:
⑴，N /NP+N /NP
Director Wang Yilin and Italian Kyle Poirot in Beijing, the capital of China.
⑵、N+D /D+N
Lao Wang and others, our young people on October 1st.
⑶，D+D
All of us, themselves.
(4) Noun+quantifier phrase
Couples, two, three.
⑦. Contact phrases
When two or more verbal words are used together, there is no relationship between them, such as union, deviation, predicate-object, predicate-complement, subject-predicate and so on. There is no phonetic pause, no related words, and there is no logical relationship between clauses in complex sentences. According to different verbs, they can be divided into the following types:
VP+VP
Write with a pen, open the door, call a car, buy an alarm clock and look at the time.
Verb "come/go"+v/VP; V/VP+ verb "come/go"
Go swimming, go swimming, come by plane, make a phone call.
Verb "You+Verb-Object"
Have the ability to complete, have the opportunity to go to school, and be eligible to attend the meeting.
8. Part-time phrases
A predicate-object phrase is nested with a subject-predicate phrase, and the "object" in the predicate-object phrase also acts as the "subject" of the subject-predicate phrase. According to different verbs, there are two types:
VP+NP+VP
Invite him to attend, allow him to do business, ask him to answer questions, and call him an old master.
Verb "You" +NP+VP
Someone went abroad, his brother went to college, and there was a village called Zhaozhuang.
Pet-name ruby, quantifier phrase
(1), numeral+quantifier
One pair (people), two pairs (letters) and three pairs (socks)
(2) Demonstrative pronoun+quantifier/pronoun+numeral+quantifier
This (painting), this (person) and that (gift)
(3), interrogative pronouns+quantifiers
Which (person) and which (dispute) is a few miles (road)
Attending, positioning phrases
It consists of two parts. The first part is words or phrases, and the second part is locative words. According to its internal structural components, locative phrases can be divided into the following forms:
General notional words+locative words
After the banquet, in the room on the podium by the West Lake,
(2) Time words/place words+location words
Three o'clock before Monday, two hours after Monday and three years before Monday.
(3) General phrases+locative words
In a golden birdcage, between a tall building and a bungalow, the forehead is wide.
On the improvement of learning methods after washing your hair with sweat before the National Day on October 1st.
Before we go abroad.