These articles are the records of teaching research results, the summaries of education and teaching research, the crystallization of teachers' hard work and the embodiment of their abilities, and an important symbol to measure a teacher's academic level. At present, many teachers (including old, middle-aged and young) have rich teaching experience, are diligent in studying business, have high teaching art level and good teaching effect, but they just can't write articles. Most of them don't know how to write or what to write, especially some articles they want to publish. One is afraid to vote, and the other is not sure how to vote. I. Significance of Writing Education and Teaching Papers Education and teaching papers are written expressions of educational and teaching research results, reflecting the research topics, research work done, research methods and means adopted in the research process and conclusions drawn through research. So it's a work summary. On the other hand, it provides opportunities for the author of the article, and also provides opportunities for his professional development, which makes him feel "hungry for food" in the process of writing (such as some materials are insufficient, some arguments are insufficient, and some experiences cannot be recognized at the theoretical level), thus prompting the author to further carry out research, strengthen learning, or consult literature, or do experiments, or conduct investigations and studies. Get more material from it, and make the research work more perfect. Furthermore, the academic value of the paper reflects the author's professional level, scientific research ability and creative ability to a certain extent, and is also conducive to his own business assessment and promotion. Second, why do you want to publish an article? The publication of the article is an affirmation of the author's academic level and professional level. The publication of the first article is no less than a "zero breakthrough" in the Olympic Games for a person, and it will become a milestone in the author's teaching career. Teachers who work quietly in their posts publish articles in order to participate in problem research and academic discussion, promote academic exchanges, and be encouraged by the publication of articles, thus improving both the theoretical level and the professional level. Third, how to accumulate materials The teacher's duty is to do a good job in education and teaching, and writing or publishing articles is a higher-level pursuit, which must be based on doing a good job in teaching research. Teachers need sufficient raw materials and creative thinking process to write educational and teaching articles. Only when you are diligent in accumulation and good at thinking can you have something to write and write articles with a certain level. First of all, we should be good at learning and form the habit of accumulating information. The way to accumulate information is generally to take notes or cards and write down your feelings after teaching. Relatively speaking, cards are handy to use and accumulate more, which may become valuable writing materials. There are many ways to accumulate data, mainly including: 1, reading more books, expanding knowledge from reading, discovering the combination of theory and practice, and more importantly, discovering new topics in the process of reading, which will inspire materials. 2. Go deep into students. For teachers in the front line of teaching, classroom teaching and extracurricular tutoring are important places for the accumulation and production of materials. The questions raised by students are our first-hand materials, which often lead to our thinking and research. Going deep into students is the motivation and source of our teaching and research papers. 3. Insist on writing your feelings after teaching. Feeling after teaching is the evaluation and summary of teachers' teaching and students' learning, as well as the problems reflected in the classroom and the teaching effect. It can also be said that teachers reflect on their own design-implementation-effect. In short, the collection of data depends on the accumulation of usual research results, the second is to find a large number of references and materials, the third is to extract from newspapers and magazines, and the fourth is to consult from tool books. Secondly, in the process of accumulating data, we should be good at thinking, and to a certain extent, we should do a good job of sorting out and summarizing. The process of thinking is the process of processing thinking materials. Discover new topics in thinking, generate material inspiration, deepen superficial things, integrate scattered things, and connect lonely things. Fourth, what to write? There are many contents that can be written in teaching research, including investigation, experimental report, experience summary, theoretical research monograph, etc. For our front-line teachers, we can write from the following aspects: 1, basic theoretical research. For example, the introduction process of some concepts or the proof process of some theorems and formulas in teaching materials should be improved and updated appropriately; Properly popularize or transplant the existing proposition; Analyze and correct some mistakes in textbooks or analyze and study some problems from a new theoretical perspective. 2. Summary of teaching practice experience. In the daily education and teaching work, teachers always have such and such experiences, big or small, and always have their own pride. They should be good at summing up in time, getting rid of the rough and the fine, getting rid of the false and keeping the true, and rising from perceptual knowledge to theoretical understanding. 3. Students' psychological research. Such as the thinking characteristics and laws of students' learning, the transformation of poor students; Extracurricular teaching of various subjects (extracurricular homework, extracurricular tutoring activities, subject competitions, skill competitions, etc.). ), analysis of common problem-solving errors. 4. Discipline. For example, the special problem-solving ideas or clever proofs of some subject problems, and the application of some subject thinking methods. 5. Experimental research on curriculum, teaching materials and teaching methods. At present, teachers in many schools in urban and rural areas in China are participating in the research of various curriculum settings, the trial of new textbooks, the reform of teaching methods and homework correction. These experiences and achievements are worth writing about. 6. "Teachers are a must". That is, teachers' unique skills, unique skills and unique abilities in education and teaching can also be unique skills in teachers' daily life. "One skill" is not the only one, but mainly the characteristics, specialties and characteristics of teachers, and it is relative. 7. Research on the teaching convergence between primary and secondary schools. 8. Stimulate students' non-intelligence factors. 9. Research on the current new curriculum reform. V. How to write a manuscript 1. Choosing a topic is to determine the topic, which is the first and most important step in writing. Whether the topic is appropriate or not is directly related to the "fate" of the work. Therefore, the following four aspects must be considered when choosing a topic. (1) We should proceed from reality. Usually, writing can only be considered if you pay attention to a certain problem, study it carefully and gain something. You can't write a good article without practical foundation or experience. (2) Whether there is anything new. No matter what article you write, the key is originality. If deep innovation is to embody a topic at one time, don't use it again. If you are inspired by other people's used topics, have different views on the same issue or have new views, and need to use them again, you can use words such as "talk again" and "talk again" on the topic. (3) Whether the materials and arguments are sufficient. (4) The topic should not be too big and too wide. The topic is too big, which will inevitably distract people's energy and make the reason unclear. It is best to write from the side of a small problem and a problem, so that people can be inspired and gain something after reading it. The title of the paper is generally affirmative, and sometimes questions can be used to attract readers. In order to extend the theme, or to explain a fact in the title, a subtitle can be added after the title. Draw up a writing outline, determine the topic, and you have sufficient materials and arguments. Don't rush to write. You can draft a detailed outline of the paper on the basis of careful consideration. The outline is to help the author clear his mind and guide you how to choose the content of the article. It is the skeleton of the article to be written. It plays the role of dredging materials and sorting them out, forming the basic structure of the article. After the outline of the first draft is drawn up, we should write the first draft quickly. The first draft should be written closely around the outline as soon as possible, and it is best to finish it at once. After the first draft is written, don't rush to finalize it. Put it on hold for a day or two, then reread it quickly to see if the expression is clear, the calculation is accurate, the reasoning is rigorous, correct obvious mistakes, correct ambiguous handwriting, and wait for three to five days before making a comprehensive revision of the final draft. 4. Revise and polish the article, mainly from the following four aspects: 1. Modify the structure; 2. Modify the text; 3. Investigate the case of charts and numbers, symbols and letters; 4. Rewrite the topic. Notes on intransitive verbs 1. The writing of the manuscript should be standardized, the handwriting should be neat and clear, and simplified words that are not allowed to be used should not be used. 2 charts should be accurate and clear, letters and formulas should be standardized and meet the requirements. 3, the citation should indicate the source. Step by step, starting with "tofu block". 5. Persistence, patience and perseverance. Correspondent: Dong Qingyuan/Dandong Education Bureau