According to the Statistical Yearbook of Urban Construction 20 19 recently released by the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, the First Financial Reporter found that at present, there are 93 cities in China with urban population exceeding 100000, of which Jiangsu and Shandong have the largest numbers, both reaching10.
As urbanization enters the second half, the future population will further gather in urban agglomerations and first-and second-tier central cities.
It should be noted that urban areas refer to "areas under the jurisdiction of residents' committees and other areas related to the actual construction of municipal districts, cities without districts and cities without districts". In other words, the rural areas within the municipal districts are not included in the urban areas. Generally speaking, the urban population is less than the total urban population and the population of municipal districts, and the rural areas within the municipal districts are not included in the urban population statistics.
Jiangsu and Shandong have the most.
In the early days of reform and opening up, the urbanization rate in China was low, and there were not many cities with a population of one million. The data shows that 198 1 year, there are only 18 big cities with urban population over one million in China, of which *** 12 is in the north, accounting for two thirds; There are only six in the southern region, accounting for one third. At that time, the population of Hangzhou was only 905,000, and cities such as Shenzhen, Xiamen and Ningbo were in their infancy.
After the reform and opening up, with the gradual establishment of special economic zones, the implementation of policies such as the opening of coastal cities, three "triangle" areas, Hainan Island and Shanghai Pudong, the household registration management system began to relax, the rural population quickly moved to cities and towns, township enterprises rose, and the number of cities and small towns increased rapidly. 200 1, China joined the World Trade Organization, China's export-oriented economy developed rapidly, and a large number of southeast coastal cities such as Shenzhen, Suzhou, Ningbo, Wuxi, Xiamen, Dongguan, Foshan and Wenzhou rose.
In recent years, with the acceleration of the new urbanization process, the population size of central cities has continued to rise. According to the Statistical Yearbook of Urban Construction in 20 19 issued by the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, at present, the population of 93 cities in China has exceeded 1 10,000, which is more than four times higher than 198 1.
In terms of provinces, Jiangsu and Shandong have the largest population, each with 10. Among them, Jiangsu, the second largest province in economy, has only 13 districts and cities, and there are 10 cities with urban population exceeding one million, which highlights the overall strength of Jiangsu cities. At present, only Zhenjiang, Taizhou and Suqian have no more than one million. In terms of GDP, Jiangsu is the only province in China where all districts and cities have entered the top 100.
In addition to Jiangsu, Shandong has 10 cities with a population of over one million. But overall, the central city of Shandong is not outstanding. At present, there is no city whose urban population has exceeded 6 million, and there is still a clear gap with the leading cities in Guangdong, Jiangsu and Zhejiang.
Guangdong, a major economic province, ranks third in the number of cities with a population of one million, with eight cities, seven of which are from the Pearl River Delta, and the rest 1 is Shantou, a central city in eastern Guangdong.
Pengpeng, executive director of the Guangdong Provincial System Reform Research Association, told the First Financial Reporter that there are not as many cities with a population of one million in Guangdong as in Jiangsu and Shandong, which is related to the large gap between Guangdong regions. Guangdong has two megacities and first-tier cities with a population of more than one million, with higher population and economic concentration, more obvious polarization effect and stronger driving ability. Not only does a large number of people from outside the province flow into the Pearl River Delta, but also a large number of people from eastern and western Guangdong flow into the Pearl River Delta. In this way, the population size of cities in eastern, western and eastern Guangdong will not be very large.
On the other hand, Guangdong has 2 1 city, 8 more than Jiangsu, and some of them are too small, and the total population is not much, so the urban population is naturally not much. Pengpeng said that there are too many prefecture-level cities in Guangdong, all of which are upgraded from county towns, and the original foundation is relatively general.
Zhejiang, the fourth largest province in economy, is restricted by the geographical features of "seven mountains, one water and two fields", with relatively few central cities and five cities with urban population exceeding one million. As the first province in China to implement the system of province governing county, Zhejiang has set a benchmark for the development of county economy. However, while the county economy is booming, the scale of the prefecture-level city center in Zhejiang is generally small.
In recent years, Zhejiang is accelerating the construction of a central city platform and transforming into an urban economy. Among them, it is also an important direction for the transformation and upgrading of many cities in Zhejiang Province to enlarge and strengthen the urbanization platform by withdrawing counties (cities) from districts. In recent years, cities such as Hangzhou, Shaoxing, Ningbo and Wenzhou have successively changed districts through counties (cities), thus expanding the space for urban development.
199 population loss in cities
The population size of the central city largely reflects the ability of the city to gather resources and radiate to drive the surrounding areas. Even if a city has many counties and a large population, there will be a large number of population outflows due to the small scale of the central city and insufficient industrial and population agglomeration.
According to Xiao Jincheng, chairman of the China Association for Regional Science and former director of the Institute of Land Development and Regional Economy of the National Development and Reform Commission, and others' paper "Research on Urban Development of Cities with Outflowing Population in China", after studying the population data of 322 prefecture-level administrative regions (hereinafter referred to as "places"), it is found that there are 199 places and cities with out-flowing population in China, accounting for 6 1.8%. Cities with population flowing out of cities are generally smaller. A large number of outflow cities are distributed in the densely populated central and western regions. The fundamental reason of population loss is that the city is too attractive, there are insufficient jobs and the level of economic development is low.
In fact, this phenomenon is very prominent in some prefecture-level cities in Henan, Anhui and Hebei. Nanyang, Fuyang, Zhoukou and other places have a large population, and there are a large number of counties and county-level cities under their jurisdiction. These counties and cities are dominated by agriculture, with low urbanization rate and small central city. For example, the total population of Nanyang is more than 1000 million, but the urban population is only1604700; The population of Zhoukou City is only 446,300; The population of Fuyang City is only1024,900.
Due to the backward economic development, the concentration of industry and population in the central city is not enough, and the driving ability to the surrounding areas is insufficient. A considerable part of the population of these cities flows out to the provincial capital cities and the developed eastern coastal areas.
Ding, an associate professor in the Department of Economics of Xiamen University, told CBN that these populous cities need to improve their business environment, make use of the advantages of local labor and land resources, and the opportunities brought by high-speed rail construction to attract industries that rely heavily on labor, accelerate the development of local industries, and promote the employment and urbanization of nearby people.
On the other hand, with the urbanization rate of China exceeding 60% in 20 19, the urbanization of China will gradually enter the second half and the second urbanization stage. Compared with the first urbanization process, the second urbanization is the flow between cities and from small and medium-sized cities to central cities and metropolises.
According to the 20 19 Statistical Yearbook of Urban Construction, there are currently 30 cities with an urban population of more than 3 million, including 6 megacities with an urban population of more than100000. The number of megacities with 5 million-10/00000 increased to 10, and Jinan was promoted to a megacity; In addition, there are 14 I-type big cities between 3 million and 5 million.
With the continuous relaxation of the settlement policy, the scale of new first-tier cities and second-tier cities will continue to expand rapidly in the future. At present, cities including Nanjing and Hangzhou are accelerating to become megacities, and cities such as Hefei, Changsha and Fuzhou are also accelerating to become megacities.
It is worth noting that in recent years, although the population has further gathered in the southeast coast, some northern cities, especially the northeast cities, have been urbanized and industrialized earlier, and their cities are also in the forefront. The data shows that the urban population of four sub-provincial cities in Northeast China ranks in the top 20, ahead of the southern coastal cities such as Xiamen, Suzhou and Ningbo.
Yi Baozhong, a professor at the Northeast Asia Research Institute of Jilin University, said that there were many large projects in the old industrial base in Northeast China from the "First Five-Year Plan" period, and a relatively complete industrial base and industrial system were established, which also laid the foundation for urban development. During the planned economy period before the reform and opening up, the urban development in the northeast was better than that in the southeast coast, with more heavy industries and more industrial workers, so the urban population was large.