I believe that most men, or boys who are not men, were strongly shocked when they first entered this forum or other model forums. It seems that it is not difficult to realize their dream of flying that has been hidden in their hearts. I was the same two months ago. I accidentally came to this forum at work, and I was too excited to express it. I have butterflies in my stomach and want to fly to the sky. Oh, my childhood dream! But I had to buy equipment, so I wandered around the forum. What equipment do I need? How to make a plane and fly to the sky as soon as possible? However, the more I watch it, the more dizzy I get. What is the KV value? What are 2 and 3? What do you mean, 8060 oars? Why is the charger more expensive than the battery?
The following text is only for a novice like me and a friend who has been obsessed for a long time. Don't ask what equipment you need to buy in the forum. Is the bigger the KV, the better, or the smaller the better? It's not that the old bird doesn't want to answer, but because there are many posts in these forums before, he has to learn to dive. I believe that novices will answer many questions after reading this article before buying equipment or making machines, and also save looking around, and often forget that one after reading this article.
As I am also a novice, there may be many questions that are unclear or even wrong. Please correct me.
Equipment items
A plane must need a lot of equipment to fly into the sky. What equipment do you need? Basic electronic equipment includes: transmitter, receiver (including crystal), engine (electric or oil-driven), steering gear, electric modulator and battery, all of which are indispensable. Besides electronic equipment, you also need paddles and steering angles. Here, we will first pay attention to electronic equipment.
1, remote control device
The airplane model remote control device includes a transmitter, a receiver and a pair of crystals. The function of launch is to send a signal so that we can control the flight of the plane on the ground through it; The function of the receiver is self-evident, it is to receive the signal sent by the transmitter; Crystal allows the transmitter and receiver to work at the same frequency and does not conflict with other transmitters and receivers. When you are going to buy a remote control device, these three devices are generally matched. Of course, you must also ask the merchants clearly, because many merchants only sell transmitters.
How to buy remote control equipment, what should I pay attention to? According to my diving, there are only a few remote control devices, and there are even fewer in China. For beginners, considering the cost performance, I suggest choosing 06A (TDF 06A, which is Liu Tong. So far, no fakes have been found. 06A has good performance and can meet the needs of entry and even advanced flight. Many people are using it, especially novices.
The price of flying Taobao to 250 yuan is around 6A, and the cheapest is as low as 205 yuan. I bought it two months ago, 2 15 yuan. It consists of a 6-pass transmitter, a 6-pass receiver and a pair of crystals with a frequency of 72MHZ.
Both transmitter and receiver have one of the most important parameters, channel, which is several signal modes, and one channel corresponds to one signal, which is abstract. For example: for example, we often say that fluttering is generally three-dimensional. Then one channel controls the aileron with a steering gear (or one channel controls the direction), the second channel controls the lifting, and the third channel controls the motor speed through the throttle. So there are at least three links for beginners to fly.
The TDF06A mentioned above is proportional remote control, and the other control is switch remote control. There is a great difference between these two kinds of control, and there is also a considerable gap in price, and there are essential differences: the aircraft based on the former can be called a remote control model; The aircraft based on the latter can only be called remote control toys. So what is proportional remote control? Figuratively speaking, using proportional remote control to control a certain channel can simulate the real mechanical operation. For example, taking throttle control as an example, the maximum value is bigger, bigger and bigger. Smaller, smaller, smaller ... the smallest. Controlling other channels is similar. Switch the remote control. No. One channel of the switch remote control can only be switched on and off. A switch similar to an electric light cannot control the channel in proportion. There are many remote-controlled planes (gliders) under 200 on Taobao, all of which are controlled by this switch.
Let's talk about crystals for remote control equipment first. Crystals work in pairs. In order to work at the same frequency, the transmitter and receiver crystals must have the same frequency. For example, if the crystal oscillator on the transmitter is 72.3 10MHZ, then the receiver must also insert a crystal oscillator of 72.438+00 MHz. If the reception is 72. 180, then obviously the transmission cannot control this reception. When buying remote control equipment, the crystals on the transmitter and receiver are ready-made, so don't worry about this.
Some remote control devices are crystal-free, such as 2.4G remote control devices, so how can such devices ensure that more than two identical devices work in the same place? Because 2.4G is the same frequency, code division is used instead of frequency division, so there will be no equipment interference in theory. What is a code point? I know nothing about radio. I'm not sure, but I vaguely remember that the first CDMA mobile phone I bought after graduation three years ago was taken by that beautiful salesgirl. She said CDMA is CDMA, which is more advanced than GSM. That's probably what it means, hehe.
2. Engine
I don't know anything about oil-powered engines. I believe most of my friends who just entered the mold have no plans to buy them. Since it's an electric version, I'll just say motor.
At present, there are two kinds of motors for airplane models, brush and brushless. Brushless brushes are popular now. First, they have enough power, second, they have long life, third, they are efficient, and fourth, they are inexpensive. Is the mainstream at present, so here also focuses on brushless motor.
Brushless motors have three wires. There is no pair of brushes like brushes, so it is called brushless. Brushed motor has a pair of brushes, which wear out after a certain number of uses and must be replaced. Brushless motor has no brush, which is the main reason that its life is much longer than that of brushed motor.
Brushless efficiency is higher than brushed efficiency. Note that brushless power is not necessarily stronger than brush. High efficiency means that under the same power consumption, brushless can provide more power than brush.
When the brush rotates, you don't need electric adjustment equipment, but if the brushless motor is to work, it must be equipped with electric adjustment. Regarding electric adjustment, let's talk about it below.
What is a brushless motor? 2208, 2408, 2822, 1806? This parameter varies from manufacturer to manufacturer. For brushless motors, the most important parameter is the KV value. What is KV? You can refer to this article. /thread-6058-1-1.html.kv is motor speed (no load) =KV value * voltage. Generally speaking, the larger the KV value, the smaller the torque, and the lower the KV value, the greater the torque. Therefore, the KV value determines what kind of paddle you are equipped with, because the large paddle needs more torque and the small paddle needs less torque.
For example, ax 1806n and kv 2 100. Then under the voltage of 1 1. 1V, the rotating speed (without propeller) is 2100 *1= 23310 rpm. KV2 100 is suitable for 1 1. 1 volt 5030 paddles. Maybe you have to ask, can I bring 8060 paddles? Can you turn it or not? The answer is no, you can turn. But your motor and tuning may be over soon! Why? Because in this case, driving the 8060 propeller requires more torque, and the faster the speed, the less torque is provided. Don't ask why, it can be solved by the law of conservation of energy. Please see the post about this for details. If you have any objection to this question, you can refer to the reply on the 22nd floor. )
So is KV2 100 suitable for carrying 5030 paddles under any circumstances? Don't! If the voltage is high, such as 16.4 volts, the rotational speed will be higher, the torque will be reduced, and the blades need to be smaller. On the contrary, if the voltage is low, 7.4V, a larger paddle can be used.
Are there any motors with high KV and high torque? For model engines, no! There is a simple reason. KV also has high torsion, which requires larger diameter, longer copper wire and stronger magnet. Rotation requires more current and voltage, more power and heavier motor. Weight is a very important factor for things flying in the sky.
Whether the same KV, different motors and the same propeller have the same pulling (pushing) force and the same theory. But because of workmanship and technology, it is likely to be different. It may be that the motor of one manufacturer KV2 100 is lighter and the torque is slightly larger than that of another manufacturer KV2 100. But the motor torque of KV2 100 cannot be greater than that of KV 1000!
So choosing a motor is choosing KV. Because the KV of the motor determines what kind of aircraft you are equipped with and what type of propeller you choose.
In addition, weight is also a key consideration when choosing a motor. The same power, of course, the lighter the better!
What kind of motor does the novice choose? It is suggested to choose (AX) 1806N (also known as 18 18). The motor KV is 2 100,2600,2900, and the construction is 2100, because KV2 100 is 65438+. The pulling (pushing) force exceeds 300g, which is suitable for back pushing or waist pushing, paper airplane, SU-27, F22, etc. In addition, when you buy this motor, you will usually get a paddle protector and a 5030 paddle. The price is around 55 yuan.
In addition, the 2208 series motor is also the type frequently used by model friends, ranging from KV 1000 to KV2600, and the price is around 50 yuan.
3. Electric adjustment
The electric motor is different, whether there is brush electric adjustment or brush electric adjustment.
As mentioned above, the brush motor can rotate without electric adjustment, but it does not mean that the model plane with brush motor does not need electric adjustment, because without electric adjustment, the working speed of the motor cannot be controlled. There may be many friends who want to find ready-made equipment around to make planes, just like I just got started. First, they want to save money. Second, generally speaking, small cities can't buy equipment, so they can only buy it online. So there are many posts asking if the motor in the toy car can be used as power. The answer is: yes, just lack of motivation. Even if there is electricity, it needs brush electric adjustment, so don't try to make an airplane model with a brush motor without electric adjustment.
As mentioned above, the brushless motor must be electrically adjusted, otherwise it cannot rotate. Brushless electric modulation has several functions: first, it provides low-voltage alternating current for brushless motor to work and make the motor rotate; Secondly, the current brushless electric modulation has another function, which is to convert the battery voltage for the receiver to work.
Brushless electric tuning has a maximum current value when it works. In other words, when the load is working, the current cannot exceed this value. If it exceeds this value, the electric modulation may be damaged, so we should pay attention to this problem when choosing the electric modulation. It's hard to say whether to choose high-current electric modulation once and for all. Why? Because the greater the current, the greater the weight of the electric modulation, which is equivalent to the extra weight of many small electric model aircraft, so we should choose the appropriate electric modulation.
The price of brushless electric tuning is high or low. The electric tuning I am currently serving is 18A, only in 25 yuan. The work is also quite good, but it is heavier. Novices can choose the 30A electric tune around 80 yuan, which can deal with almost all types of motors.
If you are going to buy an electric brush, you may not have many choices. The cheapest one on Taobao is as low as 15 yuan, and I have one in my hand.
4. Steering gear
Steering gear is also essential. Because when flying a model plane, we need to pull the aileron, elevator and rudder up and down or left and right through the steering gear, otherwise we can't control the lifting and turning of the plane, let alone the stunt! And these tasks need the work of steering gear to complete. There is nothing to say about choosing a steering gear. The steering gear has a torque parameter, which is how much weight it can pull. Of course, the bigger the better. However, in the same situation, the greater the torque, the heavier the steering gear. Generally, the plane made by a novice will not exceed 1kg. At this weight, the plane will be 8g around 25 yuan, and even 5g micro steering gear will be enough! The five steering gears I bought are all 8g. One in 20 yuan.
Three-way aircraft need two steering gears, and four-way aircraft need at least three. It is recommended to buy about four at a time, and you can only change them if they are broken.
5. Battery
At present, lithium batteries and nickel-hydrogen are mainly used in airplane models. Lithium batteries are divided into lithium ion and lithium polymerization, and most of them are polymerized with lithium now. Under the same capacity and discharge, Ni-MH is heavier than lithium battery. Therefore, it is recommended to choose lithium batteries!
Speaking of batteries, we often hear others say 2S, 3S, 3S. What does this mean? Simply put, 2S refers to a battery pack with two batteries in series, and 3S refers to a battery pack with three batteries in series. What are the advantages of series connection? This is to increase the voltage. As mentioned earlier when talking about the motor KV, the voltage is related to the speed of the motor.
Lithium battery, 2S voltage 7.4V, 3S voltage11.1v. Because the voltage of a lithium battery is 3.7V, look at your mobile phone battery. Is that so? Ni-MH battery has only 1.2 volts, so 2S is 2.4 volts, and 10S has only 12 volts.
Please note that neither lithium battery 3.7V nor NiMH 1.2V represents the voltage when the battery is fully charged. Lithium battery, after fully charged, the voltage generally reaches 4.2V. I believe that most people have universal cell phone batteries. You can have a look. Generally, the output voltage mentioned above is 4.2V, and the fully charged NiMH can reach about1.5V..
In addition to voltage, then there is capacity and discharge rate. The capacity of the battery is in mah (milliampere hour), and the discharge rate is in c, which is simply the number of C. 1C is different for batteries with different capacities. 1C means that the battery can work continuously after 1C discharge 1 hour.
Example: If a battery with a capacity of 1500mah keeps working 1 hour, the average current is 1500ma, that is, 1.5A is the 1C of this battery. If it is nominally 10C, the maximum discharge current of this battery is 65438. That is to say, this battery is safe under the use of 15A.
Another example is that 1C in the capacity of 1000mah is 1000ma, that is,1a. If it is nominally 15C, then the maximum discharge current is 1A* 15= 15A, and the maximum discharge current of this battery is also 15A. However, the above battery works at 15A, that is, 10C discharges, and theoretically uses the maximum current. While 1000mah works at 15A, that is, 15C discharges. Theoretically, it takes 60/ 15=4 minutes to work at this current. Therefore, relatively speaking, 1500mah and 10C batteries will last a long time. Therefore, it is not enough to buy a battery just by looking at the C number. A discharged battery with a small C value may discharge more than a battery with a large C value. This is related to capacity.
Under the same circumstances, the larger the battery capacity, the heavier the weight, in order to control the weight of the machine. So don't be greedy for large capacity when buying batteries, but be moderate. For example, 1000 mAh, 15C and 2S lithium polymer batteries weigh about 45g. While the 2200mah, 15c, 3s and 3s batteries weigh about 140g. So, is it possible that the latter is lighter than the former? As far as the current technology is concerned, it is absolutely impossible. If the seller tells you that his 2000mah battery is lighter than other manufacturers' 1000mah batteries, he must be a big liar. So the weight can also be an index to measure whether the battery capacity and C number are empty. Of course, this requires experience to cooperate.
The lithium battery should be about 2S and 3S in 70 yuan, with capacity 1000mah and discharge 15C.
6. charger
Although it is not needed for model airplane flight, both Ni-MH and lithium batteries should be recharged when used up. It must be charged with a charger, and it is best to charge lithium batteries in a balanced way. Why? There is a post about batteries in the forum, which is very clear. You can read them.
I believe that novices buy the same equipment as me. Buying this charger is the most painful and incomprehensible. Because of the direct balance charging, at least 150 yuan is more expensive than the battery! If you want to be cheap, you can choose Ni-MH plus 15 yuan power charger. However, it is difficult to control the weight of the plane very light. In fact, a large part of the weight of the plane is due to the battery.
If you choose Ni-MH, I suggest you don't even need to buy a charger, just find a current adapter to replace it. Pay attention to the type and size of output voltage, such as 10s NiMH, and the voltage is 12V. But the last segment is about 1.4V to1.5v. Then the input voltage is between 14V and 15V. The output current is about 500ma, and the principle is too small. Like me, I don't understand the attention output voltage type of electrons. If it is marked as output DC 15V 500ma, it means that the output DC voltage is 15V and the current is 500ma. If the label is AC, it means that the output AC voltage is 15V, so it must not be used. The day before yesterday, I happily got back a plotter's 15V power adapter from my unit, and the result was marked output AC. I'm so happy.
If lithium polymerization is chosen, it is best to choose balanced charging. The cheaper ones are ESKY-085 1 balanced charging from 50 yuan. Note that there are two versions of this charger, one is orange and the other is dark green. Buy the latter because it is the latest version. I won't say anything expensive. Search the forum and introduce that 600 yuan should be a high-end product among the mid-range products.
7.propeller
Paddles are not expensive, but as cheap as 1.5 yuan. Ok, it is also in 5 yuan, around 10 yuan. Paddle has two important parameters, paddle diameter and pitch, both in inches.
For example, 8060 paddles, which means that the diameter of this paddle is 8 inches. That is, 8 * 2.54 = 20.32 cm. The spacing is 6 inches. Pitch represents the distance that the propeller rotates once. The intuitive understanding is that you take a 20.32 cm chip, hold both ends with both hands and twist it in the opposite direction. One twist is 80 10, one twist is 8020, and the other twist is 8060, haha! I don't know if this is right.
The larger the diameter and pitch of the paddle, the greater the pulling (pushing) force that the paddle can provide. Note that the diameter of the paddle refers to the diameter of the circle formed by the rotation of the paddle, not the total length of the paddle. For Shuang Ye paddles (two paddles are the most commonly used paddles), it is only the sum of the lengths of the two paddles; For single-blade propeller, the diameter is blade length * 2; The diameter of a three-blade propeller is not the sum of blades.
If you don't have a small paddle in your hand, many experts cut off the big paddle and use it again. After the paddle is cut off, the diameter of the paddle will become smaller, but the pitch will not change. For example, if the 7035 paddle is cut to 5 inches, it is 5035 paddle. (I don't know if it's right, master! ))
Pay due attention to the KV value of your motor when choosing paddles. /thread-6058-1-1.html is very clear in this article.
In addition, there are two kinds of paddles when choosing paddles: slow paddles and direct-drive paddles. In fact, slow paddle does not refer to slow paddle, but mainly refers to the fact that slow paddle is generally used in deceleration group, and of course direct drive paddle can also be used. The tension is not much different. )。
Then it is often said to pull forward and push back, so is there a difference between pulling forward and pushing back? Don't! Just put the paddle back when you push it back. Of course, there are also special push-back paddles. This kind of blade can directly insert the motor shaft into the blade hole without blade protector or nut. Because it is a back thrust, there is a forward force when rotating, and the paddle will not shoot out. And if you change it to front pull, it's easy to beat the pulp!
Generally speaking, if you want the plane to fly slowly, use a big paddle; If you fly fast, use a small paddle. This may be completely contrary to the idea of a novice friend. He thinks that flying fast is of course with a big paddle, and flying slowly is with a small paddle. Why? For example, suppose that two kinds of paddles, 7035 and 5030, can theoretically provide the same pulling (pushing) force with the same power consumption, and 7030 only needs 10000 revolutions, regardless of resistance, and the forward distance in one minute is 10000*3.5=35000 (inches); However, if the 5030 is used to provide the same pulling force (requiring thrust) of 27,440 revolutions (how to calculate, the pulling force of the paddle is directly proportional to the cube of the diameter, which may be wrong here, but there is no objection to the need for higher speed), regardless of the resistance, the distance to advance in one minute is 27,440 * 3 = 82,320 (inches). Obviously, the latter stroke is much faster. Therefore, high-speed machines use small paddles with high KV motors, and slow machines use large paddles with low KV motors.
In addition, when buying paddles, pay attention to different models and buy more. Because the oars are the easiest to break when falling from the plane.
8. Paddle protector
Do you want this, but at least buy one for your racket. Not expensive, around 5 yuan. How to protect the paddle? Just blow up the plane. Before that, I broke my paddle with an average of two falls. With it, I haven't broken my paddle yet.