Abandoned wives have existed since ancient times, and the Book of Songs was the first to write it into literary works. The Book of Songs initiated the motif of "abandoning a wife". In later literature, no matter poems, essays and novels, they all inherited the motif of "abandoning wives" initiated by The Book of Songs, which greatly enriched the content of ancient Chinese literature. The tragedy of wife abandonment is the product of social inequality. Mr. Lu Xun has a famous argument about tragedy. Tragedy is to destroy what is valuable to people. Tragedy has a shocking power. The tragedy of abandoning a wife in The Book of Songs was inherited by later literature, among which Peacock Flying Southeast, Fu Fu and Silver Bottle at the Bottom of the Well were outstanding representatives. These chapters guide people with their heavy tragic power and have been told for thousands of years. In the course of the development of abandoned women's poems, there are two different types of abandoned women's literature: one is to directly inherit the tragedy of abandoned women in the Book of Songs, describe the unfortunate fate of women being mercilessly abandoned, praise the sadness and helplessness of abandoned women, and express their deep sorrow. The other is to develop innovation on the basis of inheritance. Abandoning a wife is the carrier of a scholar. Scholars often express their worries and dissatisfaction in subtle ways and elegant behaviors. There are many literati, who "complain that Wang Sun is a weed and describe a gentleman by beauty", so when their career is frustrated and their ambitions are hard to pay, they expose their thoughts and feelings in the poems of abandoning their wives to relieve their grievances. This is the development of the later literati to the tragedy of abandoning their wives. 1, the song of abandoned wife sung in a low voice
Inherited the motif of "Abandoning a Wife" in the Book of Songs, and then simply described the unfortunate fate of women, sang the sadness of abandoning a wife, and expressed the deep affection of abandoning a wife, including folk songs such as Han Yuefu and Peacock Flying Southeast, as well as Cao Zhi's "Abandoning a Wife" and "Fu for Leaving a Woman" in Jian 'an Jin Dynasty. Cao Pi's Fu for Women: Gu Kuang's ci of abandoning his wife in Tang Dynasty, Zhang Ji's divorce from his wife, Bai Juyi's silver bottle at the bottom of the well, etc. The tragedies of these works come down in one continuous line with the tragedy of abandoning a wife in The Book of Songs, with a sad tone. However, it is richer in the specific content of poetry and more direct and sharp in exposing social problems.
Peacock Flying Southeast is China's first narrative poem. It is widely read because of its profound ideological content and beautiful artistic form. The heroes and heroines in the poem and their tragic fate still shock people today. The story in the poem is supported by the title: "Liu, a Jian 'an man at the end of the Han Dynasty, was the wife of a small official of Lu Bu and was sent by Zhong Qing's mother to swear not to get married. His family forced him to drown. When Zhong Qing heard about it, he hanged himself in the courtyard tree. When people are hurt, it is a poem. "Mother-in-law doesn't like Liu." This girl has no manners, and everything she does is self-directed and self-performed. I have been meaning for a long time. "Out of filial piety, Jiao Zhongqing was forced to divorce his wife." I didn't drive Qing away, but I forced a mother and son to return to China temporarily. "Therefore, a loving couple was separated alive. Later, Liu's brother forced her to marry her. " I have my own parents, forcing me to be a brother, and I want to respond to others. She refused and was powerless to resist, so she had to "take off her skirt and silk shoes and lift herself to the pool." After Jiao Zhongqing knew it, he also "hung the southeast branch under the tree". There is no pattern in this story in The Book of Songs, but the sadness in it is the same as the tragedy of abandoning a wife in The Book of Songs. This story is shocking because it reveals that the victims of feudal etiquette system are not only women, but also men sometimes.
Both Cao Pi and Cao Zhi wrote fu for women, and their works were touching. Cao Pi's "Fu for Women" wrote: "The color is fading and I love to relax. I believe that there are both ancient and modern times." Fu directly pointed out the harm of clothing system and male prostitution to women. Cao Zhifu wrote: "I am very happy to forget my concubine after getting married, but I am very sad to love you." Wrote the sadness and resentment of the abandoned woman.
Bai Juyi's The Silver Bottle of Xinle House at the Bottom of the Well is a novel and unique poem about abandoning a wife. There is a story in the poem: a woman and a man met and eloped with each other. "I have a short childhood, and you ride a white horse and hang down the sun. I'm on the wall, and you're looking at your immediate family, and when you see it, you know that you have the virtue of heartbroken. Knowing that you are heartbroken, your Zhongnanshan pine and cypress tree. I feel that the monarch's pine and cypress have become hearts, and my temple has gone to the monarch. " In five or six years, I was tortured by my aunt's spirit because I was not married by the Ming media. "In five or six years, I went to your house, and your adults talked frequently. If you are hired, you will be a wife and a concubine, and you can't bear to worship the Lord. " In the end, you can't be driven away but you are ashamed to go home. "You finally know that your family can't live any longer, and there is no place to go out. Don't I have parents? My hometown is also a family. I haven't heard from you recently, and I can't pay back the shame today. " The author's purpose in writing this poem is to "advise naive girls to be careful not to treat others lightly", to be good at protecting themselves, not to trust this society, and not to trust sweet words and men with ulterior motives. (8) The poem "Be kind to your husband for one day and be a concubine for a hundred years" is even more weeping, which is a bitter reflection on abandoning your wife.
2. The carrier of literati interest.
When writing poetry, literati often recall the past or praise things, satirize the present with the help of the past, and express the meaning beyond things. It is also to lend flowers to the Buddha, and to pin the prestige of life or the love of the monarch on the heart forever, so abandoning a wife has become the carrier of literati happiness. This kind of literary works include Li Bai's poems about abandoning his wife, growing old together, the misfortune of my concubine, the beauty of Du Fu, and Xin Qiji's poems about touching fish.
Li Bai's poems about abandoning his wife often have the color of praising history. Chen Ajiao, the queen who was banished to the cold palace during the period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, seems to occupy his heart forever. All three of his poems about abandoned wives were written in Chen Ajiao, which gave birth to his opinions and expressed his feelings. The criticism was directed at the ungrateful feudal emperor. His Unfortunate Concubine is about the fact that pets in Chen Ajiao love to rest, their colors decrease, they love to relax and are abandoned.
Du Fu was forced to quit his job as secretary of Huazhou and join the army. Forced to make a living, he took his wife across the mountains to the remote Qin Zhou. Du Fu tried his best to be loyal to the Tang Dynasty, but he finally fell into the dilemma of abandoning his official position and drifting with the tide. Just like the woman in the poem was abandoned by her husband, Du Fu felt abandoned by the Tang Dynasty and had to sigh, "She told me that she was born in a good family, and now she has been humbled in the dust." Even when climbing mountains and mountains was full of difficulties and hungry and cold, Du Fu did not forget the fate of the country and the nation. Such an unfair encounter and such a virtuous character are very much like the heroine in the poem. Therefore, this poem not only reflects the objective tragedy of abandoning a wife, but also gives the poet the meaning of life experience.
Xin Qiji was proud of integrity all his life, and he had his own achievements. However, after returning to the south, he had no choice but to serve his country. As a "reformed man", he was discriminated against and distrusted. He can only express his ambition and his spiritual world in words. His phrase "fishing" revealed his mentality at that time. "How many storms can you eliminate? In a hurry, spring is back. Cherish spring for fear of early blooming, not to mention countless red flowers. Living in spring, you will see no way back. Complaining about the silence of spring can only be regarded as affection, painting eaves and cobwebs, and doing everything possible to release sheep in Yogyakarta. What happened in Nagato must be like a ceremony and a mistake. Others are jealous of moths and eyebrows, and their daughters buy each other like gifts. Who said that? You don't dance, you don't watch, Yuhuan Yan Fei is dusty, and leisure is the most bitter. Don't lean on the fence, the sunset is there, and the willow is dark. " In this poem, Xin Qiji uses the unfortunate situation of beauty dying and being abandoned by jealousy to describe his political frustration. In the first part of the poem, the beauty cherishes spring because of her old age, and wants to stay in spring because of her cherish, and complains about spring because she can't stay in spring, which means "fearing the death of the beauty" (Lisao). The beauty here, of course, is the author's comparison. The next film borrows the story of Queen Chen being abandoned to describe her rejection and idleness. The poem truly describes the sadness and resentment of the beauty after being left out in the cold, so as to express the author's own sadness about the country that cannot be maximized.
As far as the relationship between abandoning their wives is concerned, they are yang, and as far as their status as men and ministers is concerned, they can only belong to yin. Therefore, when they are men and ministers, just like women, they will naturally have a psychological tendency to identify with women's social roles. Especially when they fall out of favor in politics and become "released ministers and courtiers", they will naturally be more aware of their status as "dissatisfied women in the boudoir". Therefore, when the political frustration of the literati is not reused and valued, it is natural to express "loyalty and respect" to the husband (husband) through the mouth of abandoning his wife in poetry, or to express his sadness and resentment after being abandoned.
The Book of Songs is China's first collection of poems and the source of China's ancient literature. Various motifs initiated by The Book of Songs have had a far-reaching influence on later literature. The poem of abandoning a wife in The Book of Songs initiated the motif of "abandoning a wife", which had a far-reaching influence on later literature and made great contributions in the history of China literature. Until today, we are still denouncing the unfortunate fate of these literary works and telling their inner pain and helplessness. This point was inherited by the literature of abandoned wives in later generations. In the process of development, this kind of love between men and women was expanded and transferred to the relationship between monarch and minister. When a man is frustrated in his official career, he resents calling himself a (minister) abandoned wife, and his words can't be valued and reused by his husband (Mr.). At this time, the poems on abandoned wives can not only describe the abandoned wives themselves, but also become the carrier for literati to express their inner worries and dissatisfaction from time to time, and become the carrier for literati to express their happiness. This is the development of the poem of abandoning a wife, which enriches the content of China ancient literature.