The first chapter summarizes the long history of early humanities in Hexi area. 1. The first democracy in Dunhuang was to exile prisoners. 2. Confusing Dunhuang place names. 1. Zhang Qian to the Western Regions. 2. The setting of Dunhuang County. 3. Dissemination and development of Dunhuang Central Plains culture in Han Dynasty. 5. The spread of Buddhism in Dunhuang during Wei and Jin Dynasties. 1. Dunhuang in the Northern Dynasties. Dunhuang culture in Wuliang period, Dunhuang in Northern Dynasty, Dunhuang in Sui and Tang Dynasties, Dunhuang in Sui Dynasty, Dunhuang in Tang Dynasty, Dunhuang in Tubo, Dunhuang in Hexi Five Dynasties recovered by Zhang Yichao, Dunhuang in Song Xixia Yuan and Ming Dynasties, Dunhuang in Song Dynasty, the rise and fall of Shazhou Uighur, Dunhuang under Xia Dynasty and Dunhuang in Mengyuan period. Dunhuang in the Republic of China I, Dunhuang in the Qing Dynasty II, Dunhuang in the Republic of China Chapter II Introduction to Dunhuang Grottoes The concept of Dunhuang Grottoes Art The basic content of Dunhuang Grottoes Art I, the basic content of Dunhuang Grottoes Architecture (I) The shape of grottoes (II) The eaves, halls and plank roads of wooden caves (III) The tower II, the basic content of Dunhuang sculptures (I) Buddha statues (II) Bodhisattvas (III) Disciples (IV) Goddess (7) Buddhist monks, monks (8) animal statues (9) architectural decorative patterns (10) Taoist statues (3) expression forms and production techniques of Dunhuang sculptures (4) visual, psychological and artistic effects inside and outside caves (5) humanistic spirit reflected by Buddhist statues. Buddhist idol paintings such as bodhisattvas and disciples (2) Buddhist gods such as Eight Dragons and Eight Disciples (3) Buddhist story paintings (4) Buddhist historical paintings (6) Buddhist historical paintings (7) portraits of patrons (8) decorative pattern paintings (9) ancient traditional myth paintings (10) Taoist paintings (7) production process of grotto murals (7) Social Ideal and World Outlook Reflected by Murals (1) Social Ideal Reflected by Murals (2) Buddhist World Outlook Reflected by Murals (9) Buddhist Ethical Thought Reflected by Murals (1) Outlook on Life (2) Moral Principles of Self-interest and Altruism (3) Families of Two Families. The idea of loyalty to the monarch and rewarding good and evil (5) the ideal personality of diversification and multi-level. Chapter III laments the closure and discovery of the Tibetan Sutra Cave. 1. The Tibetan Sutra Cave was originally named Hong Ying Cave. 2. The mystery of the closing of the Sutra Cave. 3. The discovery of the Sutra Cave. The loss of cultural relics in the Tibetan Sutra Cave. 1. UK. France. 3. Soviet Union (Russia). 4. Japan America. 6. Denmark VII. Documents Unearthed from the Cave of Tibetan Scriptures in China I. Buddhist Documents II. Taoist literature iii. Documents of Manichaeism and Nestorianism IV. Confucian classics and literary materials. Socioeconomic data. Historical and geographical information. Scientific and technological information. Minority scripts, documents, arts and crafts unearthed in the Tibetan Sutra Cave. Textiles. Chapter IV Woodcarving Visit Dunhuang Ancient Culture Site 1 District. Still 2. Ruins or sites (1) Ancient city sites (2) Han Great Wall, Fengjie site (3) Sites (4) Ancient tombs (5) Ancient cultural relics in Dunhuang area 1. Inscription 2. Stone pagoda 3. Dunhuang Han bamboo slips 4. Cultural relics unearthed from the site. Catalogue of cultural relics unearthed from tombs.