First, the Qing school in Guangxu period
The Qing school in the late Qing Dynasty was a political faction within the ruling class during the Guangxu period of the Qing Dynasty. Clean stream? The original metaphor refers to a scholar-bureaucrat with high moral character, daring to speak and prestige. Although there is an empty talk and ignorance of the times, it is different from the old-fashioned die-hards. The Qing school takes learning from the world as its own responsibility, sometimes? Liu Qing party? Known as.
The Qing school once multiplied for two generations. There were many northerners in the former Liu Qing, said? Northern school? ; After the clean stream, many southerners said? Nanpai? . The former dynasty called for eliminating abuses, rectifying discipline, building water conservancy projects, and advocating loyalty and opposing foreign aggression. On the issues of Russian coveting northwest China, Japanese invading Korea, Ryukyu and French invading Vietnam, they all put forward tough opinions and opposed compromise.
The post-Qing Dynasty was mainly manifested as an enlightened and patriotic group. Among them, Wen, Zhi Rui and Zhang Jian are the backbone forces that persist in resisting Japan and opposing the disadvantages of the times. Of course, the post-clean flow also has the weakness of being an armchair strategist. During the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895, Zhang Jian, Shen, Ding Lijun and others had illusions about the western powers. Britain invaded Japan jointly? This idea. All these reflect the class limitations of the school.
At the same time, the Qing school was often used by Empress Dowager Cixi to suppress the powerful ministers.
Second, the performance of the Qing school during the Sino-Japanese War.
After the outbreak of the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895, the Puritans were unrealistic, ignorant of international affairs, and even tried to make a name for themselves through foreign wars. I don't know what happened outside. Under the leadership of Li Hongzao, a great scholar, and Weng Tonghe, an imperial envoy, Qingliu began to clamor for a death fight with the Japanese. Li Hongzhang, who has been repeatedly attacked by them, is actually a person who knows the gap between China and Japan very well.
Before the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895, Li Hongzhang wrote to the Emperor and Empress Dowager Cixi many times. This battle can't be fought, because he knows very well that since the establishment of 1889 Beiyang Navy, Beiyang Navy hasn't added another ship or bought another shell. Japan is donating money to buy the most powerful warship in the world from top to bottom, and the Japanese emperor even heard rumors that he would eat one less meal every day to buy artillery shells. China, on the other hand, carefully planned Cixi's 60th birthday and spared no expense. Li Hongzhang handed over the passbook of the emergency appropriation for naval military expenses, which was approved by the emperor early, but three years later, the money still hasn't arrived. How can we fight this war without money?
Emperor Guangxu was young and inexperienced after all. When he was yelled at by these people, he became the most determined hawk.
During the war, we should cooperate with Qi Xin. Unfortunately, the Qing school still couldn't see the essence of the problem and didn't want to solve it. But blindly accused and attacked Li Hongzhang and his Huai officials. In order to attack Beiyang Group, the Puritans of the Imperial Party even exaggerated the facts and even slandered them, which made the already difficult war situation even more difficult.