First, the professional basic situation
1, culture target
This major trains senior engineering talents who have basic knowledge and application ability in the design and manufacture of precision instruments and measurement and control, and can be engaged in the design and manufacture, scientific and technological development, applied research, operation management and other aspects of technology, instruments and systems in the field of measurement and control in various departments of national economy.
2. Training requirements
Students in this major mainly study the basic theories of optics, mechanics and electronics of precision instruments, the theory of measurement and control, and the design methods of related measurement and control instruments. Cultivate the application of modern measurement and control technology and instruments, and have the ability of application, design and development of measurement and control technology and instrument system in this major. Graduates should have the following knowledge and abilities:
Have a solid foundation in natural science, good foundation in humanities, arts and social sciences, and be able to use the national language correctly;
Systematically master the extensive technical and theoretical basic knowledge of this major, mainly including the basic knowledge of machinery, electronics, optics, measurement and control, market economy, enterprise management and so on;
Master the contemporary measurement and control technology and experimental research ability combining optics, machinery, electricity and computer, and have the design and development ability of measurement and control technology, instruments and systems in this major;
Strong foreign language application ability;
Strong self-study ability, strong sense of innovation and high comprehensive quality.
3. Main disciplines
Optical engineering, instrument science and technology.
Step 4: Main course
Precision machinery and instrument design, precision machinery manufacturing engineering, analog electronic technology foundation, digital electronic technology foundation, microcomputer principle and application, control engineering foundation, signal analysis and processing, precision measurement and control system, engineering optics.
Step 5 try teaching
Including military training, metalworking, electrician, electronic practice, cognitive practice, production practice, social practice, curriculum design and graduation design.
6. Study time
Four years.
7. Degree situation
Bachelor of Engineering.
8, the original professional name
Precision instruments, optical technology and photoelectric instruments, detection technology and instruments, electronic instruments and measurement technology, geometric metrology testing, thermal metrology testing.
Second, the professional comprehensive introduction
Measurement and control technology has been an important part of human life and production since ancient times. The initial measurement and control attempts are based on the needs of production and life. The requirement of time measurement and control makes human beings have the original clock of sundial, and the requirement of space measurement and control makes human beings have the understanding of point, line and surface. The requirements of modern society for measurement and control will certainly not stop at these initial stages. With the development of science and technology, measurement and control technology has entered a new era.
The specialty of measurement and control technology and instrument is the source of information science and technology, and it is a high-tech intensive comprehensive discipline formed by the mutual infiltration of optics, precision machinery, electronics, computers and information technology. Her specialty covers a wide range, from the inspection of manufacturing workshops to the monitoring of satellite rocket launches. The most interesting direction of this major is probably CD production. Many students think it belongs to manufacturing. In fact, due to strict requirements on accuracy, she belongs to the major of measurement and control technology and instrument.
With the rapid development of science and technology, more and more attention has been paid to the development and application of optical, mechanical and electrical integration systems. However, due to the influence of traditional ideas, many candidates have an obvious misunderstanding about this major, and think that the measurement and control technology is to use instruments such as trigonometry and straightedge to make laborious measurements. In fact, this is just a simple understanding and a shallow mistake. You can listen to a classmate majoring in measurement and control technology and instruments in Tsinghua University. He said: "Before I entered the university, I thought my future job was to take a big triangle and measure it everywhere. Hehe, we didn't know how cutting-edge our major was until we started taking professional courses. Laser and nanometer are our testing methods. The existing computer hardware and software allow me to easily simulate the field environment, which is not only easy to learn, but also raises various questions. I can use my imagination to design more complex and complete systems. " It can be seen that a real measurement and control major student needs to master more electrical knowledge, they should master basic circuit knowledge, have novel design ideas, and be able to use a variety of new technologies and means to work.
For a long time, China industry had no position in the international market. One of the important reasons is that there are too many commodities with poor quality and no high-quality products, so they can't compete with other industrial powers, which is related to the lack of measurement and control professionals in China. In order to connect with the world, product quality is the key for China enterprises to improve their international competitiveness. Therefore, talents majoring in measurement and control are becoming more and more important.
This major is characterized by the integration of optics, machinery, electricity and computer, and trains senior engineering management talents with modern scientific innovation consciousness, wide knowledge, solid basic theory, strong computer and foreign language skills, and can be engaged in computer applications, electronic information, intelligent instruments, virtual instruments, measurement and control, product design and manufacturing, scientific and technological development, applied research, enterprise management and other fields. At the same time, because of its wide professional knowledge, strong adaptability and broad development space, it can also engage in the design, manufacture, development and application of high-tech fields such as metrology, testing, control engineering, intelligent instruments and meters, computer software and hardware, making it easier to change careers.
Professional code of measurement and control technology and instrument: 08040 1.
Third, develop vocational education.
Great discoveries in the history of science are often due to the invention of new measurement technology. In the era of information technology, measurement and control technology and instruments are necessary tools to realize information collection, storage and processing, and also to reveal material movement. In the process of modernization, due to the monitoring function of instruments on the production process and product quality, people have higher technical requirements for them.
Measurement and control technology and instrument is a practical subject, which is suitable for different majors, such as industrial automation, production process automation, detection technology and instrument, electronic instrument and measurement technology, computer process control and so on. In today's universities of science and engineering, almost all of them offer this major. Because this major was established earlier in China, it is now in a mature stage.
Measurement and control technology and instruments can be said to be an interdisciplinary subject, which is closely related to automatic control, industrial automation, instrumentation and computer specialty. It is precisely because of this connection between measurement and control technology and instrument specialty that graduates of this major can choose a wide range of employment directions, not only to enter production engineering automation enterprises to engage in automatic control, automatic detection and other aspects of work, but also to develop and design instruments in scientific research units, and at the same time to find space suitable for personal development of this major in the fields of engineering detection and computer application.
The development of testing technology and instrument specialty in China has gone through a long process, and now it has achieved rapid development. In domestic universities, testing technology and instruments are now offered, such as Tsinghua University, Beijing Institute of Technology, Tianjin University, Northeastern University, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Zhejiang University, Nanjing University of Science and Technology and so on. Among them, many colleges and universities have established master's degree programs in testing technology and instruments with the approval of the State Education Commission. At present, the annual enrollment of testing technology and instrument specialty is about 3000. Graduates are widely employed in industrial automation enterprises, instrumentation industries and various scientific research institutions, and engaged in work related to their majors.
From today's information technology era, instruments and meters are necessary tools to realize information acquisition, conversion, storage and reveal material movement, necessary means for the three pillars of information technology (information acquisition and processing, information transmission and communication, electronic technology and computer), and also an important content of the new technological revolution.
In the process of modernization, people have high-level technical requirements for the monitoring function of instruments and meters, so the instrument industry is the leading industry to promote the technical progress of various departments of the national economy, carry out technical transformation, improve labor productivity and social and economic benefits, and develop and save energy and materials. The equipment level of instruments and meters largely reflects a country's productivity development level and scientific and technological modernization level.
With the development of science and technology and the application of computer technology, the development trend of testing technology and instrument specialty is more and more intelligent-intelligent instrument. The appearance of intelligent instrument shows its strong vitality and has become an important direction of instrument development. This is not only reflected in general measuring instruments, but also in analytical instruments, laboratory instruments and biomedical instruments.
The level of instruments and meters largely reflects the development level of a country's productive forces. At present, instruments and meters are developing from automation to intelligence, which undoubtedly plays an extremely important role in improving production efficiency, optimizing product quality and accelerating China's modernization. It can be seen that the specialty of measurement and control technology and instrument is very promising.
IV. Situation and trend of professional employment
Measurement and control technology and instrument is a basic specialty offered by domestic universities of science and engineering. Its courses involve industrial automation, production process automation, instrumentation, automatic detection technology and instruments, automatic display technology and instruments, automatic control, sensor principle, instrument reliability, computer application and so on.
Measurement and control technology and instruments can be said to be an interdisciplinary subject, which is closely related to automatic control, industrial automation, instrumentation and computer specialty. It is precisely because of this connection between measurement and control technology and instrument specialty that graduates of this major can choose a wide range of employment directions, not only to enter production engineering automation enterprises to engage in automatic control, automatic detection and other aspects of work, but also to develop and design instruments in scientific research units, and at the same time to find space suitable for personal development of this major in the fields of engineering detection and computer application.
But for graduates majoring in measurement and control technology and instrumentation, they must also be aware of the difficulty of employment. In recent years, the number of college students has increased year by year, and correspondingly, the graduates of this major are also increasing year by year. However, due to the economic situation in China, the demand for graduates from related industries in China has never shown an increasing trend, especially the state-owned enterprises that used to be the main body of employment. On the one hand, the reform of state-owned enterprises is at a critical moment, and many large enterprises are very cautious in dealing with the problems of internal employees in this transitional stage; On the other hand, the market competitiveness of state-owned enterprises is declining, which leads to the decline of their production and R&D capabilities, the decline of enterprise benefits and the decline of the demand for recruiting graduates. Of course, the lack of work experience and social interaction of recent graduates is also a reason why enterprises are unwilling to recruit too many graduates.
Although graduates majoring in measurement and control technology and instrumentation will have to face this fact, they don't have to worry too much about it. When the demand of state-owned enterprises drops, more private enterprises provide development space for graduates. Over the past 20 years of reform and opening up, the development of private enterprises has made great achievements, and many fast-growing private enterprises like Lenovo Group and TCL Group have emerged. The growth of these enterprises is mainly based on the basic industries of high-tech knowledge, which makes their demand for college graduates particularly strong. Therefore, as long as graduates can recognize the forms of employment and change the traditional concept of employment, the future road is still bright.
Many excellent foreign enterprises will invest and set up factories in China, and many of them will have demand for professionals in measurement and control technology and instrumentation. By then, students from China will have more opportunities to show the wisdom and talents of China people in foreign companies.
From a professional point of view, for graduates majoring in measurement and control technology and instrumentation, the most promising employment direction in the future focuses on the development and application of intelligent instrumentation and detection technology.
In recent years, computer technology and microelectronic devices have been widely used in engineering technology. The intelligent instrument developed on this basis has made great progress in measurement accuracy, sensitivity, reliability, automation, application function and the depth and breadth of solving measurement technology and control technology problems, and has been presented to people with a brand-new look.
With the rapid development of large-scale integrated circuits and computer technology, intelligent instruments will have greater development in the process of transplanting and applying artificial intelligence to measurement and control technology. It is the main trend of the development of modern instrument technology that measuring instruments are guided by intelligence and drive the intelligence of all kinds of instruments. Therefore, the demand for talents in this field will be on the rise.
Detection technology is one of the four pillars of automation technology. It can be seen from the definition of detection that human beings can't study the unknown world without detection technology. Detection technology not only provides correct information for industrial automation, but also is an important means to discover laws in scientific research. The development of modern detection technology will be mainly manifested in the improvement of sensor level and detection means, such as the development of computer-centered detection system.
To sum up, for students who are studying and preparing to learn measurement and control technology and instruments, they must fully understand the development trend of their major and their personal work direction, base themselves on reality and focus on the future, and study hard in order to be invincible in the competition in the new century and realize their ideals.
There are many industries that need to be measured, and they can work in state organs, scientific research institutes, design institutes, education systems and various large and medium-sized enterprises.
R&D engineer-engaged in the research and development of new instruments and meters;
Metrology engineer-engaged in professional testing of various mechanical instrument maintenance;
Maintenance engineer-engaged in instrument maintenance and calibration in various professional institutions.