Content introduction:
Robinson, an exiled British aristocrat, was shipwrecked and stranded on a desert island. He used the geographical orientation signs, astronomical and cultural observations, sun movement and tidal changes trained in his sailor days to fight against the mysterious nature, record his life on a desert island and wait for an opportunity to escape from the desperate situation at any time. Robinson rescued an indigenous child from cannibals on Friday in the autonomous calendar, so he named it "Friday" as a souvenir. On Friday, he was taken to a desert island by cannibals as a sacrifice, and he could not return to his tribe. As they get along with each other day and night, facing a person with different races, religions and cultures, Robinson gradually changed himself, and they developed into the friendship between their father and friends. This lack of friendship in the civilized world has become Jack lu.
About the author:
British writer. Born in London. My father runs a slaughter business. Defoe only received secondary education and believed in Presbyterian sects that did not belong to the Anglican Church. By the time he was in his twenties, Defoe was already a decent businessman in London, running underwear, tobacco and alcohol industries and having been to the European continent. 1692 went bankrupt in business and had to make another living. He is a government intelligence officer, designing and developing business. He is also engaged in writing. In his early years, he was famous for writing political essays and satirical poems, opposing feudal autocracy and advocating the development of capitalist industry and commerce. 1698, he published "On Development", suggesting building roads, opening banks, collecting income tax, running fire and water insurance, running a madhouse and running a girls' school. 1702, he satirized the government's religious discrimination policy with irony in his political essay "Shortcuts to Eliminate Paganism". Because of his clever writing, he was not seen through at first. After being discovered, he was arrested and imprisoned for half a year and sentenced to cangue punishment. When he was subjected to flail punishment, he distributed his long poem Ode to Flail Punishment, satirizing the injustice of the law, and onlookers in London regarded him as a hero. From 1704 to 17 13, he presided over Review magazine for Harry, creating public opinion and collecting intelligence. 17 19 Defoe published his first novel Robinson Crusoe, which was well received by readers. Subsequently, Robinson Crusoe was published. 1720, he wrote Robinson Crusoe. Since then, he has published Captain singleton (1720), Moore Ferlande (1722), Captain Jack (1722), Roxana (1724) and Peter the Great.
robinson crusoe
Daniel Defoe
Chapter 1: the beginning of life
Chapter II: Slavery and Escape
Chapter 3: Being killed on a desert island
Chapter 4: the first week on the island
Chapter 5: Building a House-Journal
Chapter 6: Illness and Conscience.
Chapter VII: Agricultural Experience
Chapter 8: Investigating His Position
Chapter 9: A Ship
Chapter 65438: Tames goat
Chapter 1 1: human footprints found on the beach.
Chapter 12: Cave Retreat
The wreckage of a Spanish ship
Chapter 14: Dreams come true
Chapter 65438: Education on Friday
Rescuing prisoners from cannibals.
Chapter 17: the visit of the rebels
The ship recovered.
Chapter 19: Returning to England
Chapter 20: The Battle between Friday and Beard
About the author
British novelist, pamphleteer and journalist wrote Robinson Crusoe (17 19), which is a story about a man who was shipwrecked and alone on an island. Along with samuel richardson, Defoe is regarded as the founder of English novels. Before him, stories were usually written as long poems or plays. In addition to publishing nearly 2,000 short essays in periodicals, he also wrote about 200 non-fiction essays, some of which were edited by him.
Defoe is the son of James Ford, the butcher of Newington's stroke. His stubborn Puritanism occasionally appears in Defoe's works. He studies at Charles Morton College in London. Although his unconventional father wanted him to be a priest, Defoe devoted himself to politics and trade and traveled around Europe. Defoe also wrote business projects all his life, but his business venture failed, leaving him a huge debt of 17 thousand pounds, which he paid off later.
Defoe was a commission merchant in Cornhill in the early1680s, but went bankrupt in 169 1. 1684 He married Mary Taffley; They have two sons and five daughters. Defoe participated in 1685 monmouth Uprising against James II. After the rebellion was put down, he hid in a church road as a fugitive. He noticed that the name of robinson crusoe was engraved on the stone and later gave it to his famous hero. Defoe became a supporter of William II, joined his army on 1688, and gained a reputation as a mercenary because he changed his allegiance. From 1695 to 1699, he was the accountant of the glass tax Commissioner, and then contacted the brick and tile factory in Tilbury. 1703 business failed.
In 1702, Defoe wrote his famous pamphlet "Shortcuts for Dissident". He is a dissident himself. He imitates the extreme attitude of the top of the Conservative Party in Li Ang and pretends to advocate the elimination of all dissidents. No one was amused. Defoe was arrested in May 1703, but he was released in return for his services as a pamphleteer and intelligence officer for robert harley, the Earl of Oxford and the Tories. While in prison, Defoe wrote a mock ode, Martyrdom Hymn (1703). This poem was sold in the street. When he stood on the scaffold and read his poem aloud, the audience drank to his health.
After the Tories stepped down, Defoe continued his intelligence work for the Whig government. In his time, Defoe was considered an immoral and evil journalist. Defoe used many pseudonyms, including witness Taylor and businessman Andrew Morton. His most unusual pen name is Heliostrapolis, the secretary of the Moon Emperor, which was used in his political satire The Merger or Memoirs of Miscellaneous Affairs in the Moon World (1705). His political works are widely read, which makes him a powerful enemy. During the reign of Queen Anne, his most remarkable achievement was the publication of the Review of French and European Affairs (1704- 17 13). It was published once a week and then three times a week, similar to modern newspapers. From 17 16 to 1720 Defoe edited the Politics of Mercury, then the Manufacturer (1720), directed by (1720-2 1). He contributed from 17 15 to the journal published by Nathaniel Mist.
Defoe was the first person to write stories of credible characters in real environment with simple prose. In April, he published Robinson Crusoe, which was partly based on the memoirs of navigators and drifters, such as alexander selkirk. However, it was difficult for Defoe to find the publisher of this book at first, and finally he received it? 10 is the manuscript. Defoe used the first-person narrator and obviously true diary entries to create a realistic framework for this novel, which made it different from its predecessors. The account of a sailor who was shipwrecked is not only a comment on the needs of human society, but also a comment on the strong impulse of loneliness. But it also provides a dream to build a private kingdom, a self-made utopia, and be completely self-sufficient. By giving a vivid reality to a theme with great mythological significance, this story has attracted readers and writers from generation to generation. Such as Joachim Heinrich Campen, Jules Verne, R.L. Stevenson, Johann Wyss (der Schweitzer Ische Robinson), Michael Tournier (Vendrediou les limbes du pacifice), J.M. Coetzee (Foe) and other creators of Robinson's stories.
In the next few years, Defoe focused on books rather than pamphlets. At the age of 62, he published Moore Flanders, a magazine about the year of plague and Colonel Jack. His last great novel Roxana was published in 1724. Defoe's choice of female protagonist in Moore Flanders reflects his interest in female experience. Moore was born in Newgart, and her mother was sentenced to death for theft. Hull's sentence was commuted to Virginia. The abandoned child was educated by an enthusiastic woman. Moore suffered from romantic disillusionment. When she was destroyed by a cynical male seducer, she became a prostitute and a thief, but in the end she gained the status of a lady through the spoils of a successful colonial plantation.
In the1720s, Defoe was no longer politically controversial in his works. He wrote several historical works, a travel guide "A trip to the whole island of Great Britain" (1724-27,3 volumes), a great law on subordination (1724) and a study on the treatment of servants.
Defoe was very diligent. In his later years, he also wrote some works involving supernatural phenomena, The Political History of the Devil (1726) and a paper on the history and reality of ghosts (1727). He died in his apartment in Rope Maker Lane, Moorfield on April 26th.
Biography of the author is provided by the author's calendar. Use with permission.
Robinson Crusoe is a memoir-style adventure novel, based on the true experience of Scottish sailor alexander selkirk who lived alone on a desert island for five years. Robinson, the hero, is uneasy about being idle and dull, but he is bent on taking risks at sea. /kloc-at the age of 0/9, he left home and became a sailor without any objection from his family. When encountering a storm, he thought about giving up, but once he got used to it, he was determined to continue taking risks. Soon after, their ship was attacked by pirates. Robinson was captured by pirates and became a slave of the Moors. Later, he was rescued and went to Brazil with a Portuguese ship to run a plantation in Brazil. On the way to Africa for the slave trade, Robinson's ship was caught in a storm and hit the rocks. Only Robinson Mann survived and lived on a desert island for 28 years and 2 months 19 days. After the initial depression, the lonely and helpless Robinson did not complain, but tried to survive, looking forward to being rescued in the future and leaving the desert island. He made his own raft to transport food, gunpowder, tools, etc. Shipped from the sunken ship after hitting the rocks to the island for use. He pitched tents, hunted and fished, domesticated goats, grew grain and ground flour, cooked his own pottery, sewed leather clothes, made bread and carved canoes. Robinson overcame all kinds of difficulties and survived on a desert island, recording everything that happened on the island in detail. Later, Robinson saved a native from cannibals and named him "Friday". Friday is willing to be his slave and become Robinson's faithful servant and cohabiting partner. Finally, an English ship anchored nearby. Robinson helped the captain quell the rebellion of the crew and recapture the ship. Finally, he left the desert island and returned to England. The complete Robinson Crusoe has three parts. The first two parts are taken from this book. In the third part, Robinson travels away from home again.