Abstract: Imagination can be cultivated. Knowledge is fertile ground for imagination, and correct training methods can get twice the result with half the effort. Life experience is the main factor of imagination. Let students participate more in practice, learn more about society, observe the world with their own eyes and appreciate life with their own body and mind, so as to spread the wings of imagination.
Keywords: writing; Imagination; Cultivation; Personal experience
In the years of Chinese teaching, the author finds that although many students spend a lot of time and energy, it is still difficult to make great progress in writing. There may be many reasons for this situation, but lack of imagination is one of the most important and easily overlooked factors.
Cultivating imagination is an important subject.
Scientific research shows that imagination is an important condition for creation, which has been confirmed by many scientific inventions. Writing itself is a kind of creation. Ai Qing once said, "Without imagination, there is no poem". Imagination is to literary creation what white clouds are to the blue sky and running water is to the mountains. Imagination is the source that makes literary works full of magical charm. Ma Zhiyuan "withered vines and old trees faint crows, small bridges and flowing water, old roads and thin horses." . When the sun sets, heartbroken people are at the end of the world "; Li Bai's "Flying down three thousands of feet, it is suspected that the Milky Way has fallen for nine days"; Cao Xueqin's twelve Jinling beauties with different personalities; Wu Cheng'en's the Monkey King, can drop the devil; Quasimodo in Notre Dame is ugly, but beautiful in heart; Heathcliff in Wuthering Heights; The indecisive Hamlet in Hamlet ... Numerous successful Chinese and foreign literary works and literary images are all products of artistic imagination without exception. A work without imagination, like a bird with broken wings, is too solid and heavy, and lacks the spiritual strength to fly. In this way, either the content is boring and the language is rough, or the technique is monotonous and lacks appeal. Therefore, to improve students' writing level, cultivating imagination should be an important content.
Imagination is not innate. Li Bai is not a born romantic poet. We can see the influence of life experience on the poet's imagination from many poems of the poet. Li Bai traveled many famous mountains and rivers in his life. The beautiful natural landscape and colorful local conditions and customs have made the poet's imagination unprecedentedly high, and left countless well-known poems for future generations. Li Bai's experience tells us that imagination can be cultivated. In the past, most textbooks started with direct methods, and did not fundamentally solve the relationship between writing and imagination. The author believes that only by finding the main factors that affect imagination can we talk about improving imagination. So what are the main factors that affect imagination? What methods should teachers take to enrich students' imagination?
Life experience is the primary factor affecting imagination.
Water without a source, wood without a root. The so-called imagination that is not based on rich life experience can only be wishful thinking, which is a truth that any experienced writer understands. Therefore, before they start writing practice, they often go through a process of life accumulation. If a writer lacks life experience, he will re-engage in life, observe and feel. Then imagine and create on this basis. Therefore, life is the foundation of imagination. Without in-depth observation of life and careful thinking of everything in the world, imagination is just a castle in the air. Why does A Dream of Red Mansions have a profound influence? Although the characters in the work are fictional, the plot is fictional, and they all seem to be the products of imagination, readers really feel that the work reproduces the social outlook and social contradictions of that era, which has strong artistic appeal and high artistic value. The success of the work is directly related to the author's life experience. Cao Xueqin's early life provided the best blueprint for this novel. Another example is Kafka's Metamorphosis, in which the protagonist finally becomes a beetle under heavy pressure. This kind of imagination seems bizarre, but in fact, the author is venting his dissatisfaction with the naked money relationship between people in real society in another form.
Due to the environment and age, the life experience of secondary school students is relatively simple, superficial and not deep enough, which is a great constraint for them to display their imagination. Simple mental activities and narrow life level make it difficult for students to draw inferences when writing. The world is so rich and wonderful, but most students' compositions can't jump out of the narrow space of family, hometown and school. Most of the characters are teachers, parents or classmates. Of course, we don't deny that there have been good works in these areas, but once we leave the category of material selection, students will find it difficult to write and the characters in the works will be rough and fuzzy. Therefore, to cultivate students' rich literary imagination, we should start with the most basic things and encourage them to go deep into social life, participate in social practice and enrich their life experiences. For example, guide students to engage in short-term jobs during holidays or after school, participate in various forms of social welfare activities, and encourage students to participate in various public competitions. Let them learn to observe with their own eyes, appreciate with their own body and mind, learn to taste the ups and downs of life, learn to distinguish the truth, goodness and beauty in the world, and learn what love is, thus forming a correct outlook on life. Rich life experience will not only provide them with rich imagination and writing materials, but also be a valuable asset for them to integrate into society as soon as possible, exercise their minds and smoothly realize the transformation from students to social people.
Knowledge is fertile ground for imagination.
Life experience provides us with rich direct experience, but it is not enough. Because writing is actually a comprehensive investigation of a person's comprehensive quality, not only direct experience, but also rich indirect experience. Indirect experience here refers to all kinds of knowledge. A person's life and energy are just a drop in the ocean compared with the long river of history. The reason why human civilization can develop highly is that the baton of knowledge is passed down from generation to generation. Writing needs not only innovation, but also reference. Only by fully absorbing the nutrients of previous knowledge can we talk about innovation. It is hard to imagine that an author, although rich in practical experience, can write any good articles without any knowledge and insight. If the author has rich knowledge and solid life experience, then he can draw lessons from ancient and modern China and foreign countries extensively in his writing and imagine the world galloping freely. In the article Land, Qin Mu originated from the word land and made extensive association. From ancient times to the present, he quoted a large number of historical stories or allusions to illustrate the value of land to a nation and country. The Romance of the Three Kingdoms has many characters and huge scenes. It is a great challenge for the author to mold the personality characteristics of different characters and show the cultural landscape of different regions. If the author lacks knowledge, it is difficult to describe how Zhuge Liang "knows astronomy above and geography below", nor can he describe the gripping feeling of "Battle of Red Cliffs". Therefore, we can draw a conclusion that rich knowledge is extremely important to rich imagination. Newton was not the only one who was hit on the head by an apple, but only Newton discovered gravity, because Newton's imagination was based on profound knowledge. ? On the other hand, any excellent writer is also an excellent reader. When appreciating a work, he can often give full play to his imagination, reproduce the characters and plots in the work and appreciate the exquisiteness of the description. At this point, his understanding will surpass ordinary people. And these imaginations can imperceptibly become a part of his knowledge accumulation, affecting and promoting his writing.
Many middle school students come from rural areas. Due to the influence of exam-oriented education and the limitation of living environment, they have few opportunities to contact excellent Chinese and foreign literary works, narrow knowledge and insufficient knowledge accumulation, and even some students are misled by bad books. In writing, imagination can fly farther if there is a commanding height. With rich imagination, we can soar freely in the sky of writing. Therefore, in the teaching of writing, we should guide students to read more books, read good books, and strive to expand their knowledge in their spare time. In addition to assigning students reading tasks and giving them necessary guidance, students should also be required to form a good habit of writing reading notes and pay attention to the accumulation of knowledge and materials. This is good for cultivating students' thinking ability, imagination ability and enriching writing content.
Supplemented by effective training methods.
Imagination is not mysterious, it is just a psychological process of creating a new image on the basis of the original perceptual image. Its novelty, independence and creativity are different from ordinary thinking. It should be said that imagination is everyone's ability, but the strength is different. It plays an important role in all aspects of our daily life and study. As far as writing is concerned, imagination always plays a great role in promoting both conception and characterization. Therefore, the focus of writing teaching is imagination training closely related to writing. In practice, teachers should combine the characteristics of imagination with the actual situation of students. In addition to the above-mentioned rich life experience and expanding knowledge, we should also pay attention to the following aspects.
First, we should pay attention to cultivating students' imagination. The motivation of imagination comes from two aspects, one is the imagination's personal feelings, and the other is the need. The reason why the wings of imagination can spread and change is because of the agitation and burning of emotions. In emotional training, teachers can't ask students according to the emotional standards of writers, but they can guide students to go deep into the works when reading famous works, experience scenes, people and events with their hearts, and appreciate how writers put their emotions into imagination and creation. Then let the students compare their writing style to see if they can be like writers. If you put your heart and soul into observation, put your emotions into creation and write touching scenes, will you be completely absorbed in writing like a writer who can't help but even burst into tears? According to the author's observation, it is a good proof that all students with excellent writing style really want to be better than others in observation and emotional index. The so-called "need" means that imagination in writing is not blind thinking, but planned according to a certain purpose. In ordinary writing, we always ask students to conceive before writing, because the process of conception is actually a process of imagination according to their own "needs". This process is realized in writing, that is, drafting. In order to catch up with writing, many students have long since lost the habit of drafting. Experienced screenwriters understand that the characters will be gradually enriched in the process of drafting, and the writing details will be gradually improved in the process of drafting, and the imaginary trajectory will be clearly recorded step by step. Therefore, attaching importance to "drawing" should also be part of imagination training.
Second, cultivate students' original consciousness in writing. Imagination itself is a kind of thinking process with strong subjective emotion. It has a strong originality, which is consistent with the characteristics of literature itself. In writing, students should be encouraged to show their individuality, pursue innovation, try their best to explore new themes and new contents, and avoid similarities. In order to achieve this goal, we should innovate in the arrangement of writing topics and try to leave room for students to exert their imagination. However, in order to prevent students' imagination from being too bizarre, teachers should help students learn to guess reasonably, organically integrate and excavate from existing direct or indirect materials, and recreate their imagination on this basis.
Third, use some specific imagination methods and combine the diversity of writing styles for training. There are many ways to imagine. For example, Shuo used a similar imagination, so can students find out real-life examples and write them down in this way? We can learn a lot from the characters and scenes we have learned in this paper, such as using close-up imagination to imitate various characters; By using comparative imagination, we can compare and understand the characters in the works, such as "Hua Laoshuan and Uncle Kang" and "Baicaoyuan and Santan Reflecting the Moon", which provide us with a good model. As for writing the ending for the Necklace and other works, it is a comprehensive application of various methods such as step-by-step imagination, which is a very good form of training imagination. Fantasy is a special form of imagination, which plays an irreplaceable magical role in writing. It can produce wonderful myths, fascinating sci-fi works and even fascinating forms and means such as metaphor and exaggeration. Therefore, guiding students to learn to use fantasy is an indispensable link in writing training, and writing science fiction works is the most important way. In addition, the layout of writing genres can be flexible and diverse. On the premise of fully respecting students' wishes and interests, poetry, fairy tales and even sketch creation can be included in the writing scope.
Fourth, combine students' professional characteristics for training. For example, students majoring in fine arts have special skills in fine arts painting. According to common sense, they are not short of imagination, and the key is how to skillfully integrate their painting imagination with literary imagination. You can assign homework after class, let them give full play to their imagination, and use the brushes in their hands to reproduce the scenery, characters and plots in the text and become real pictures. For art students, this kind of homework from words to pictures is better than that from pictures to words in training imagination. If conditions permit, you can also hold such a painting competition in your class. For liberal arts students, it is necessary to combine their own language advantages for training. Such as oral composition, picture composition and situational composition, the writers' works are processed or adapted, and their works are expanded or continued. They are even allowed to write short plays and sketches themselves, and then write and perform themselves, so as to turn what they have written into vivid images. These classroom activities not only enrich students' imagination, but also exercise students' language expression ability, which can kill two birds with one stone.
In a word, cultivating imagination and creativity is not only the need of Chinese learning, but also the need of becoming a talent. It should be a key point in Chinese teaching, and we should always make unremitting efforts.
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